Sätten att titta på TV-serier har utökats de senaste åren i och med Internets allt mer centrala rolli vår mediekonsumtion. Sverige har gått ifrån att vara ett land med en enda public service-kanaltill ett med ett stort utbud av kommersiella TV-kanaler med syfte att locka tittare och annonsörer.I vår studie har vi undersökt aspekter av TV-serier som ligger utanför själva texten. GerardGenette (1997) var den som myntade uttrycket paratext som består av de två delarna peritextoch epitext. Dock är det Jonathan Gray (2010) som pratar om paratexter i relation till TV-serier,medan Genette (1997) endast beskriver paratexter i samband med litteratur. Eftersom det finnsså många olika TV-serier och TV-kanaler är det viktigt för en ny TV-serie att sticka ut blandmängden, samt att skapa en bild av vilken typ av TV-serie den är innan den faktiskt börjat sändas.Vi har använt oss av tre olika metoder för att kunna besvara våra två frågeställningar som rörvilka epitexter TV-kanaler använder sig av och hurvida det finns ett intresse hos tittare att kunnaengagera sig vidare i en TV-serie. Vår första metod utgjordes av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys avtio svenska TV-serier på fem olika svenska TV-kanaler, där vi främst riktade in oss på epitextersom kan hittas online. Därefter skapade vi en kvantitativ enkätundersökning där 79 respondentersom tittar på TV-serier deltog. Den sista metoden var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på fyrapopulära svenska TV-seriers officiella webbplatser.Vårt resultat tyder på att det finns ett starkt intresse hos TV-tittare att följa en TV-serie på andrasätt än endast på utsatt tid på TV:n, och även att det finns en vilja att diskutera TV-serier, medsläkt och med vänner, likväl som med främlingar på Internet. Webbplatser för de olika TV-serierna erbjuder besökare möjligheter till både diskussion och vidare läsning om exempelvisavsnitt eller karaktärer. På så sätt skapas ett engagemang som gynnar båda parter. / Ways of watching TV series have increased over the years by way of the ever expanding part theInternet plays in our media consumption. Sweden has gone from being a country with a singlepublic service channel to one with a wide range of commercial TV channels with the purposeto attract viewers and advertisers. In our study we have examined aspects of TV series that existbeyond the text itself. Gerard Genette (1997) was the one who coined the expression paratextwhich consists of two parts; peritext and epitext. Though Jonathan Gray (2010) is the one whowrote about paratexts in relation to TV series, whereas Genette (1997) only describes them interms of literature. Because there are so many different TV series and television channels it isimportant for a new series to stand out from the rest, while also making it easy for potentialviewers to determine the show’s genre even before it has started airing. We have used threedifferent methods to be able to answer our two main questions about what different epitexts TVchannels use and whether there is an interest among viewers to be able to engage themselvesfurther in a TV series. Our first method consisted of a quantitative content analysis of tenSwedish TV series from five different Swedish television channels, where we mainly looked atepitexts found online. After this we made a quantitative survey in which 79 people who watchTV series took part. Our last method used was a qualitative content analysis of the officialwebsites of four popular, Swedish TV series.The result of our study shows a strong interest among viewers to follow a television seriesbeyond its regular broadcasting on television, and also that there is a will to discuss TV series,among family and friends, as well as with strangers found online. Websites of the different TVseries give visitors possibilities for discussion and further reading about, for example, episodesand characters from the show. In this way an involvement that benefits both parties is created.

<p> </p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of the EU’s Structural Fund (SF) policy between 2000-2007 on regional economic growth in Sweden. A regional convergence analysis is performed in order to examine if the SF policy’s overall aim of convergence is reached. Furthermore the study examines the growth of important Structural Fund goal indicators as employment, education and new firm formation in the Objective 1, 2 and 3 areas. The main growth- and convergence theories and their connection to regional policies such as the SF policy is used as the theoretical framework and form the study’s hypothesis.</p><p>The results show that absolute β-convergence exists between the Swedish urban areas. The growth of the goal indicators show that the Objective 1 and 2 areas, which received most part of the SF support have achieved their aims in increasing employment and new firm creation. In addition the Objective 2 areas have increased their share of population with higher education compared to the areas that did not receive either Objective 1 or 2 support. The Objective 3 areas, which received the least part of the SF support had a lower mean growth in employment than the areas that received no direct Objective 3 support. In addition the urban areas that only received Objective 3 support had a lower growth in share of population with higher education. From the results we can reach the overall conclusion that the positive impact of the SF policy on the goal indicators seem to be the largest in the areas that received most part of the funding. The final conclusion is that the SF are effective in enhancing economic growth in the areas of intervention.</p><p> </p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera EU:s Strukturfondspolitiks inverkan på regional ekonomisk tillväxt i Sverige mellan 2000-2007. En regional konvergensanalys utförs för att undersöka om Strukturfondspolitikens övergripande konvergens mål uppnås. Vidare undersöker studien viktiga Strukturfondmålindikatorers tillväxt, såsom sysselsättning, utbildning och nyföretagande, i Mål 1, 2 och 3 områdena. De viktigaste tillväxt- och konvergensteorierna och deras koppling till regional politik, såsom Strukturfondspolitiken används som den teoretiska bakgrunden och formar studiens hypotes.</p><p>Resultaten visar att absolut β-konvergens existerar mellan de svenska kommunerna. Resultaten för målindikatorernas tillväxt visar att Mål 1 och 2-områdena som har mottagit största delen av Strukturfondsstödet har uppnått sina mål att öka sysselsättningen och starta nya företag. Dessutom har Mål 2-områdena haft en högre ökning av andelen av befolkningen med högre utbildning jämfört med områdena som inte mottog något Mål 1 eller 2-stöd. Mål 3- områdena som har mottagit den minsta delen av Strukturfondsstödet hade en lägre tillväxt av sysselsättning jämfört med de områden som inte mottog något direkt Mål 3-stöd. De områden som enbart mottog Mål 3-stöd hade dessutom en lägre tillväxt av befolkning med högre utbildning. Utifrån resultaten kan vi dra den övergripande slutsatsen att den positiva påverkan av Strukturfondspolitiken på målindikatorerna verkar vara störst i de områden som har mottagit största delen av Strukturfondsstödet. Den slutgiltiga slutsatsen är att Strukturfondspolitiken sannolikt främjar den ekonomiska tillväxten i insatsområdena.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to examine how the editorial office to the TV-programs Gokväll,Mitt i naturen and Plus use social media. To achieve the purpose qualitative interviews wereconducted with three Web Editors, one for each program. This essay is based on theories onhow companies can and should work with social media from Andreas M. Kaplan andMichael Haenlin among other writers and scholars from Sweden. The convergence concepttheory with particular focus on media convergence and branding has also been applied in thestudy. The result of this study shows that the editorial office for the programs use socialmedia in varying extents and quality. Facebook is the most used social media channel andTwitter is used in a small extent. Two of the programs use Instagram as well and one of themhas developed their own application. The programs appear on the channel SVT which is partof public service in Sweden. With that come guidelines, which the programs need to follow.One of them is that they have to use at least three social media channels to avoid favoring ofone special brand or company. Two of the TV-programs are using Twitter even though theeditorial staff admits that they do not think their main audience is active on such socialmedias. This result shows that there is obviously a problem with the fact that they have to usethree social medias even though they do not really benefit by using all of them.

SAMMANFATTNING   Titel: Konvergensen av externredovisningens och ekonomistyrningens tidsperioder – med fokus på budget.   Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi.   Författare: Jessica Gustafsson och Gustav Sandkvist.   Handledare: Stig Sörling och Tomas Källquist.   Datum: 2014 - Juni   Bakgrund: Sedan länge har en diskussion förts gällande relationen mellan externredovisningen och ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrning. En del forskare menar att det råder en konvergens mellan dessa system. Studier som gjorts inom detta område har varit inriktade på olika fördjupningar. Det är bristen på forskning inom fördjupningen om de båda systemens tidsperioder som väckt vårt intresse att utforska detta närmare.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse för hur externredovisningens tidsperiod kan påverka företags ekonomistyrning och interna styrmedel, med fokus på budgetering.   Metod: Studien har genomförts via en kvalitativ design med en abduktiv ansats. Data samlades in genom intervjuer gjorda via telefon och mejl. För att analysera och redovisa resultaten användes well grounded theory.   Resultat: Resultaten visade att de flesta företag, med några enstaka undantag, samkörde externredovisningens tidsperiod med budgetens. Anledningen till detta var för att kunna jämföra och hitta avvikelser. Även koncernkrav, lagar och regler låg till grund för denna samkörning.   Slutsats: Ett genomgående mönster var att en samkörning av externredovisningens tidsperiod gjordes med budgetens. Orsaken till en samkörning är budgetens behov av att jämföras mot något, vilket innebär en sammanstrålning mellan externredovisningen och budgeten. Resultaten genererade bevis för att externredovisningen dominerar den interna ekonomistyrningen vad gäller dess tidsperioder.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till fortsatt forskning är andra fördjupningar inom konvergensen eller andra styrmedel. Vidare är chefers tankesätt, ”mind-set”, kring budgetens planering ytterligare ett förslag eller en fördjupning kring börsnoterade företag.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Då detta är ett relativt outforskat ämne har studien bidragit till ny kunskap genom dess empiriska resultat, som även genererat egna observationer. Resultaten bidrar till att skapa förståelse och visa hur externredovisningens tidsperiod kan påverka budgeten och budgetens tidsperiod.   Nyckelord: Externredovisning, extern rapportering, ekonomistyrning, budgetering, konvergens, tidsperiod / ABSTRACT   Title:  The convergence of the time periods of financial accounting and management accounting – focusing on budget.   Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration.   Author: Jessica Gustafsson and Gustav Sandkvist.   Supervisor: Stig Sörling and Tomas Källquist.   Date: 2014 - June   Background: There has been a long-lasting discussion regarding the relationship between financial accounting and management accounting. Some researchers argue that there is a convergence between these systems. Studies in this area have focused on different depressions. It is through lack of research on the depression focusing on the time periods of these systems that aroused our interest to explore this further.   Aim: The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how the time period of the financial accounting can affect a company’s management accounting and internal control mechanisms, with a focus on budgeting.   Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative design with an abductive orientation. Data were collected through interviews made with telephone and email. To analyze and report the results the well grounded theory was used.   Result: The results showed that most of the companies, with a few exceptions, used the time period of the financial accounting parallel to the budget. The reason for this was to compare and find deviations. Also claims from the Group, laws and regulations formed the basis for this co-processing.   Conclusion: A consistent pattern was that an interconnection of the time period of the financial accounting was made with the budget. The reason for the co-processing is the budget’s need to be compared with something, which means a convergence between financial accounting and the budget. The results generated evidence that the financial accounting dominates the internal management accounting in terms of its time periods.   Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for future research is other depressions within the convergence or other steering instruments. Further, managers way of thinking, ”mind-set”, about budget planning is another proposal or a depression within listed companies.   Contribution of the thesis: As this is a relatively unexplored topic the study has contributed to new knowledge through its empirical results, which also generated own observations. The results help to create understanding and show how the time period of financial accounting may affect the budget and the budget’s time period.   Key words: Financial accounting, external accounting, management accounting, budgeting, convergence, time period

Bakgrund: Vergenser är ögonrörelser där ögonen rör sig i olika riktningar i relation till varandra. Sambandet mellan konvergens och ackommodation kallas AK/A-kvot. Det kan tas fram med beräknad eller gradientmetod. Den beräknade metoden baseras på avstånds- och närforier. Gradientmetod baseras enbart på närfori och förändring av ackommodativt stimuli. Forimätningsmetoder som kan användas för att ta fram AK/A-kvoten är bland annat von Graefe, Modifierad Thorington och Maddox Rod.    Syfte: Jämföra skillnaden i AK/A-kvot mellan gradient och beräknad metod för tre forimätningsmetoder: von Graefe, Modifierad Thorington och Maddox Rod. Metod: Inklusionskriterierna i denna kvantitativa studie var personer mellan 18-35 år, monokulärt visus på minst 1,0, att ha samsyn samt ingen närvaro av tropi. Totalt 30 personer ingick i studien och var mellan åldrarna 21-29 år. Undersökning med samsynstest, covertest och framtagning av bästa refraktion gjordes. Därefter mättes forier på avstånd och nära håll upp för varje person med von Graefe, Modifierad Thorington och Maddox Rod i randomiserad ordning. En mätning för varje metod gjordes, mellan varje mätning fick testpersonerna 10 minuter paus. Alla undersökningar gjordes av samma undersökare.   Resultat: Friedman’s tvåvägsanalys gav (𝜒2(5) = 105.9, p&lt;0.001). Skillnaden mellan medelvärdet för gradient- och beräknat AK/A med von Graefe blev 2.0∆ i prismadioptrier, med Modifierad Thorington  3.4∆ i prismadioptrier och med Maddox Rod 2.2∆ i prismadioptrier. Alla forimätningsmetoder visade signifikant skillnad mellan gradient AK/A och beräknat AK/A (p&lt;0.001). Det var signifikant skillnad mellan von Graefe- och Modifierad Thorington gradient AK/A-kvot (p&lt;0.05), Modifierad Thorington- och Maddox Rod beräknad AK/A-kvot (p&lt;0.05) samt Maddox Rod- och von Graefe gradient AK/A-kvot (p&lt;0.05)   Slutsats: Skillnaden mellan gradient och beräknad AK/A-kvot var ej samma för de tre forimätningsmetoderna. / Background: Vergences are different directions the eyes can move in relation to each other. The relationship between convergence and accommodation is called the AC/A ratio. The ratio can be produced with either a calculated method or with the gradient method. The calculated method is based on the distance and near phorias. The gradient method is only based on the near phorias and the change in the accommodative stimulus. The methods that can be used for measuring the AC/A ratio are for example von Graefe, Modified Thorington and Maddox Rod.  Purpose: Compare the difference in AC/A ratio between gradient and calculated method for three phoria measuring methods: von Graefe, Modified Thorington and Maddox Rod.  Method: The inclusion criterias in this quantitative study were people between 18-35 years of age, monocular visual acuity of at least 1,0, functioning binocular vision and absence of tropia. A total of 30 people participated in this study and were between the ages of 21-29 years. Examination including test of binocular vision, covertest and best refraction were made. Thereafter phorias at distance and near were measured for each person with von Graefe, Modified Thorington and Maddox Rod in a randomized order. One measurement for each method was taken, between each measurement there was a 10 minute break. All examinations were made by the same examiner.    Results: A Friedman two way analysis gave (𝜒2(5) = 105.9, p&lt;0.001). The difference in averaged value between gradient and calculated AC/A with von Graefe was 2.0∆ in prism diopters, with Modified Thorington 3.4∆ in prism diopters and with Maddox Rod 2.2∆ in prism diopters. All phoria measurements showed significant difference between gradient AC/A and calculated AC/A (p&lt;0.001). There was a significant difference between von Graefe- and Modified Thorington calculated AC/A ratio (p&lt;0.05), Modified Thorington- and Maddox Rod calculated AC/A ratio (p&lt;0.05) and Maddox Rod- and von Graefe gradient AC/A ratio (p&lt;0.05)     Conclusion: The difference between the gradient and calculated AC/A is not the same for the three methods used for measuring phorias.

There are reasons why archival material used by museums as sources for information in their exhibitions, rarely is shown as such for the museum visitor. Some limitations lie in the physical nature of the archives themselves; others could easily be avoided. The purpose of this essay is to shed light on how archives can collaborate with museums to be seen in their exhibitions. This has been done, among other things, by investigating what the driving forces are for collaboration. Theoretical starting points for the study have been Bourdieu's cultural capital and organizational theories about why institutions tend to mimic each other. Themes within an extensive literature review highlight the extent of the complexity of the subject, and case studies of four already converged archives in museums, clearly indicate that collaboration has not given the archives the visibility they seek. They have invested their cultural capital without receiving sufficient reward in exchange.  This is a two years master's thesis in Archival science.

Following the 2022 Swedish general election, all three of the Scandinavian countries have had right-wing populist parties either within the government or in cooperation with one. This thesis will review the origins and developments of the major, national, right-wing populist parties in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. It will further focus on the respective party’s development of relationship with other, mainstream parties, as well as the progression of cooperations and advancement towards influence of governmental politics. With the Scandinavian states’ high level of similarities across various areas, this thesis aims to review and analyse similarities and differences from the three examples connected to the theories. This methodology is based as a qualitative, comparative study, focusing on gathered text materials such as academic works, political statements and news. The empirical material gathered will be analysed and connected to theories like convergence, political strategy and party ideology among others, with the aim to observe what aspects these theories have had regarding both the emergence of the right-wing populist parties in Scandinavia, as well as in connection to their development of cooperation with other parties. Central conclusions from the thesis’s discussion and analysis shows how political convergence through various acts and happenings, have supported the achievements of the right-wing populist parties’ goals of entering governmental cooperation. Moreover, comparisons between the countries show similarities such as these parties being shunned by the mainstream ones for example, while some differences include the societal statuses at the point of the parties’ origins.

Leasing är en populär finansieringsmetod. Redovisningen av leasing har dock kritiserats för att inte redovisa en rättvisande bild. Åtgärder för att försöka förbättra leasingredovisningen var en av de punkter som stod på agendan för IASB och FASB konvergensprojekt. Den främsta kritiken riktas till företag som redovisar under US GAAP där standarden lätt låter sig kringgås. Detta eftersom de medvetet klassificerar leasingavtalen som operationella. De operationella leasingarna ger en missvisande bild eftersom de inte går igenom balansräkningen. Det blir missvisande om de produkter eller tjänster som finansieras genom leasing skapar intäkter för företaget och bör därför ses som en tillgång.Syftet med studien är att föra en fördjupad diskussion kring den kommande leasingstandarden och dess effekt. Eftersom standarden inte ännu införts bidrar studien till ökade kunskaper inom området inför kommande standard. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med såväl kvantitativ som kvalitativ data. Den omfattar flera olika tillvägagångssätt för information. Empirin behandlar beräkningar på den förväntade effekten av en ny standard samt diskussioner med respondenterna.Resultatet visar på att den nya standarden får en markant påverkan på de företag som har stor andel operationella leasingavtal som redovisar under US GAAP. Det visar även hur nyckeltal som soliditet och skuldsättningsgrad försämras vid en kapitalisering av operationella leasingavtal. Resultat visar på en mer rättvisande bild vid ny leasingsstandard. Däremot kan den rubbas om alternativa finansieringsmetoder uppkommer.Studien behandlar en fördjupad diskussion kring ett mycket omtalat ämne men det var först i januari i år som den nya standarden presenterades. Därför bidrar studien med relevant information om den slutliga produkten av konvergensprojektet för leasing och diskussion kring alternativa finansieringsmöjligheter. / Leasing is a popular financing method and has received a lot of criticism for its accounting because it is not representing a true and fair view. This problem was one of the things on the agenda of the convergence project between IASB and FASB. The prime criticism is aimed for those companies that report under US GAAP where the standard is easy to manipulate by classify the leases as operating. The operating contracts are providing a deceptive picture by avoiding the balance sheet. The reason way this is deceptive are because the leased asset generates income for the company.The purpose of the study is to conduct a deeper discussion about the future leasing standard and its impact. Since the standard has not yet been put into use, the study contributes to increase knowledge in the area for the future standard. The study is based on a qualitative approached with quantitative and qualitative data. Different approached has been considered when collecting empirical data. The empirical data process information about leasing and calculations on the expected impact of the new standard and also discussions with the respondents.The result indicates that the new standard have a significant influence on the companies that have a large proportion of operating leases. The outcome also indicates how the key figures solidity and debt to equity ratio is being impaired through a capitalizing of operating leases. The outcome gives an increased true and fair view of the leasing standard. However financial engineering can disrupt the true and fair view.The study covers a deeper discussion about a controversial subject, but it was not until January this year the standard was publicly presented. The study therefore contributes with relevant information to the final product of the convergence project for leasing and a discussion about alternative financial engineering.This thesis is written in Swedish.

Abstract Title: “Journalists who loves the flexible life” - A case between journalists occupational perception and work-future who works at a newspaper compared to a radio station in northern Sweden. This study is a qualitative comparison between journalists without permanent employment on a commercial newspaper and a public service owned radio station in a medium sized town in northern Sweden. The main purpose was to analyse the occupational perception and work-future among young journalists without permanent employment in the public service and the commercial sector. Another intention was to figure out if there was any similarities or differences between working for a public service owned radio station compare to a commercial newspaper. We wanted to investigate how these journalists experience and manage their work and in which way they look at their own future and journalism in general. The research applies theories such as the precariat and studies about convergence. The chosen method for the study were qualitative semi-structured interviews based on the answers from six journalists and was processed through a thematic analysis. The main conclusion of this study was that multi journalism has become a part of the journalistic agenda, both on the radio station and the newspaper. It showed that journalists has to be flexible when it comes to working schedules. Even though they had to adapt to a lot of the journalistic requirement they still accepted the funny, but yet stressful life as a journalist. One conclusion that can be drawn is that todays journalism can demand almost anything, and job seeking journalists will adapt quite well regardless of change. A final conclusion was that it's difficult to predict the future of these journalists. But a common stand point for the journalists was that almost everyone could imagine a future in another profession.

Denna studien har analyserat hur fansen till den slutna Facebookgruppen “Game of Thronesdiscussions” skapar sig en identitet efter serien Game of Thrones. För att kunna ta reda pådetta har 48 kommentarer, inlägg och memes valts ut och sedan analyserats utifrån metodenkvalitativ innehållsanalys. De kommentarer, inlägg och memes som valdes ut stårsjälvständiga och läses inte som varken tråd eller konversation. De delades sedan in i tremakro- och åtta mikroteman. Studien har fyra frågeställningar, Hur skapar fansen sig enidentitet utifrån diskussionen i gruppen “Game of thrones Discussions”, Hur serkommunikationen ut mellan gruppmedlemmarna, Vilken kunskap och vilka känslor användsför sitt identitetsskapande i gruppen och På vilket sätt visar medlemmarna att serien Game ofThrones överförs till deras fysiska liv. Studien har använt teorier om konvergens ochdeltagarkultur, samt teorier om identitet och identitetsskapande online.Resultatet visar att fansen i gruppen “Game of Thrones discussions” skapar en identitet utifrånserien genom att göra inlägg, kommentarer och publicera memes. Det är fokus påkommunikation genom att medlemmarna använder sig av ett specifikt språk, humor,konflikter och har ett behov av att visa känslor för karaktärerna som finns i serien. För att blien del av identiteten krävs även kunskap i form av kunnighet samt böcker. Fansen visar ocksåhur de lever sina Game of Thrones-liv utanför gruppen, det visas genom att göra inlägg omhur de påverkas emotionellt i verkligheten samt hur deras praktiska verklighet ser ut.Gruppmedlemmarna har ett behov av att känna att de är äkta fans till serien Game of Thrones,och genom att bli en del av den kollektiva identiteten som skapas i Facebookgruppen får debekräftelsen som eftersträvas. / This study has analysed how the fans in the closed Facebook group “Game of Thronesdiscussions” has created an identity after watching the show Game of Thrones. To examinethis, 48 comments, posts and memes have been selected and analyzed with a qualitativecontent analysis method. The comments, posts and memes that was selected are allindependent and are not supposed to be read as a thread or a conversation. Then they weredivided into three macro themes and eight micro themes. This study have four issues, Howare the fans creating an identity from the discussions in the group “Game of Thronesdiscussions”, How is the communication between the members from the group viewed, Whatknowledge and which feelings are used for their identity creation in the group and In whatway do the members show that the Game of Thrones series is transferred to their physicallives. The study has been using theories about convergence, participant culture, identity andidentity creation online.The results shows that the fans from the group “Game of Thrones discussions” are creating anidentity from the series by making posts, comments and publishing memes. There is focus onthe communication thru a specific type of language, humor and conflicts that the members areusing, and they also have a require to show their emotions for the characters from the series.To be a part of the identity, knowledge in terms of literacy and the books are claimed. Thefans also show how they are living their “Game of Thrones” life outside the group, it appearsthru their posts about how they are affected emotionally in reality and how their practicalreality are viewed. The members from the group have a need to feel that they are genuine fansof the series Game of Thrones, and by being a part of the collective identity that is created inthe Facebook group they get the conformation that is sought.