Avsikten med denna uppsats är att med en kritisk diskursanalys undersöka hur kunskap om kulturarvet och kulturhistoriska värden konstrueras i Stockholms byggda miljö. Akademisk litteratur inom kulturarvsforskningen beskriver en situation där det uppstått ett glapp mellan teori och praktik inom kulturarvssektorn som vidgats sedan postmodernismens och konstruktionismens framväxt i början på 1970-talet. Den utövande kulturarvsvården och värderingsprocessen är i stor utsträckning styrd av värdeorienterade klassificeringssystem där utgångspunkten är att finna och tolka olika värdetyper i ett objekt. Detta traditionella förhållningssätt är en del av ”den auktoriserade kulturarvsdiskursen”; ett begrepp inom kulturarvsforskningen som menar att kulturarvssektorn premierar traditionella värden genom expertutpekanden vilket leder till en reproduktion av kanoniserade objekt med vissa ideologiska förtecken. Sedan år 1974 finns det i Sverige nationella kulturpolitiska mål fastslagna och sedan år 2012 finns det fyra nationella kulturmiljömål som landets kulturmiljövårdande institutioner ska sträva. Målens tankegods förmedlar en ambition om att göra kulturmiljöer och kunskap tillgängligt för att främja demokratisering av kulturarvet. I Stockholms kommun är det Stadsmuseet som ansvarar för utpekandet och klassificeringen av kulturhistoriskt värdefulla byggnader och miljöer. Syftet med undersökningen är att bidra med en djupare förståelse för hur kunskapen om kulturhistoriska värden i Stockholms byggda kulturmiljö produceras och legitimeras. Resultat och analys visar att diskurserna i Stadsmuseets översiktsdokument sedan klassificeringens introduktion under tidigt 1980-tal har förändrats av ideologiska, politiska och ekonomiska element. Museets och kommunens samtida översiktsdokument har en anknytning till kunskapsläget inom kulturarvsforskningen genom att argumentera för relativa, pluralistiska värden. Men den traditionella värdesynen och expertdiskursen i värderingsprocessen har lett till en värdering och klassificering som reproducerar en traditionell förståelse av det byggda kulturarvet. En universell metod i kombination med intern praxis används för att identifiera vilka kulturhistoriska värden som finns, utan att precisera vilka egenskaper som upprätthåller dessa värden. Det ger klassificeringen en svag anknytning till kulturarvsforskning, regeringens kulturpolitiska mål och den egna institutionens värdesyn i samtida översiktsdokument.

The main purpose of this thesis is to gain insight to, and widened knowledge about, the contemporary nationalistic movement in Sweden, represented by the Sweden Democrats, and its’ relation to cultural heritage. The party has made cultural heritage the main focal of their culture politic, but the questions are what cultural heritage is to them, what content they read in to the concept, how they value heritage, what sort of heritage policies they want to pursue, and why. And also what sort of sources and expertise that are invoked by the party. The source material, consisting of transcripts from parliamentary debates, motions, and policy documents from the party’s web page, is processed through a discourse analytic method. An important theoretical starting point is that to define a term is to define the thing itself, and that this is an expression of power, especially when it comes to a parliamentary party. The second purpose is to problematize and discuss the concept of heritage on a meta level by comparing the results from the empirical study with earlier research that explores the hegemonic heritage discourse. The main findings are that the Sweden Democrats, like many of their peers around Europe, want to use cultural heritage to create unity and a common national identity – a mono culture to replace the multi cultural paradigm they mean is prevailing in the country (and ruining it). The party has an essentialist, even positivistic, view on the content of heritage, but they never really define it thoroughly. The study also shows that most of the party’s thoughts on heritage are in line with the hegemonic heritage discourse. Some have argued that the Sweden Democrats are abusing ”the heritage”, but I would rather say that they are using it, in a way that corresponds well with the concept “cultural heritage” as it has been defined by all those involved with it (i.e. journalists, writers, scholars, policy makers, museal personnel, and the public through public debate in the press). The example of this Swedish nationalistic party, shows what the cultural heritage concept of today can be when driven to its peak. / Uppsatsens första syfte är att nå ökade insikter i modern svensk nationalism (representerad av Sverigedemokraterna) och dess relation till, och syn på, kulturarvsbegreppet. Partiet har gjort kulturarv till sin främsta kulturpolitiska fråga, men frågan är vad kulturarv är för partiet, vilket innehåll de tillskriver det, vilken kulturarvspolitik de säger sig vilja bedriva, hur de värderar kulturarv, och motiverar sina åsikter och förslag. Detta skall utredas genom en diskursanalys av Sverigedemokratiska motioner, riksdagsdebattinlägg, och texter från partiets webbsida. En teoretisk utgångspunkt som är mycket viktig för motiverandet av uppsatsens relevans är att kontroll över kulturarvsbegreppet är kontroll över tinget i sig, och att detta är ett maktuttryck, i synnerhet när det är ett riksdagsparti som söker kontroll över begreppet. Uppsatsens andra syfte är att problematisera och diskutera kulturarvsbegreppet på en metanivå, genom att jämföra resultaten från den empiriska studien med tidigare forskning om den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. De huvudsakliga fynden är att Sverigedemokraterna, likt många nationalistiska rörelser ute i Europa, vill använda kulturarv för att skapa gemenskap och en gemensam nationell identitet – en monokultur som kan ersätta det multikulturella paradigm de menar är rådande i landet idag. Partiet har en essentialistisk, till och med positivistisk, syn på kulturarv, men definierar det trots det aldrig på djupet. Studien visar att partiets tankar om kulturarvet ofta går i linje med den hegemoniska kulturarvsdiskursen. Somliga har hävdat att Sverigedemokraterna missbrukar ”kulturarvet”, men jag vill snarare säga att de brukar det på ett sätt som korresponderar med kulturarvsbegreppet med stort K, såsom det kommit att tolkas efter år av användande av journalister, författare, akademiker, politiker, museipersonal, och genom publik debatt i pressen. Exemplet Sverigedemokraterna visar vad kulturarvsbegreppet av idag kan vara när det dras till sin spets.

Artikelns syfte är att öka kunskapen om kulturprojektens speciella karaktär genom att undersöka vad det önskade resultatet är och vilka faktorer som är avgörande för ett kulturprojekts framgång eller misslyckande. Studien fokuserar på värmländska kulturinstitutioner som årligen får statligt bidrag genom samverkansmodellen. Studien bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från institutionerna där de berättade om sin respektive institutions verksamhet och projekt. Empirin har sedan analyserats mot en tidigare utformad framgångsmodell av Fors och Svedberg (2015) som illustrerar framgångskriterier för kulturprojekt, för att sedan kartlägga institutionerna bild av lyckade projekt. Forskningens resultat visade att institutionernas huvudsakliga mål, och det som de hoppas på att uppnå, är produktioner och projekt av hög konstnärlig kvalité mer än ekonomisk framgång. Resultatet visade även på att kulturmålen anses mer som riktlinjer än direkta krav. / The purpose of this article is to increase the knowledge about the special characteristics of cultural projects by examining what the desired outcome is and the factors that are critical to a projects success or failure. The focus of the study is the cultural institutions in Värmland which annually receive government subsidies through the collaboration model. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with representatives from the institutions where they talk about their respective institutions' activities and projects. The empirical data was then analyzed against a previously designed success model by Fors and Svedberg (2015) that illustrates success factors for cultural projects, and to then identify the institutions view of successful projects. The research results showed that the institutions main objectives, and what they hope to achieve, is productions and projects of high artistic quality rather than economic gain. The result also showed that the cultural goals are considered more as guidelines than direct requirements.

The aim of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of why the European Commission believes that the European Union (EU) should support culture and if a change has occurred over time. This is achieved by combining a qualitative idea analysis and a quantitative content analysis and analyzing proposals from 1998, 2004, 2011 and 2018 that the Commission has presented regarding a framework programme for the cultural sector within the EU. Geir Vestheims theory that all cultural policy is instrumental was used as a theoretical framework since it consists of ideal types that can explain why states support culture: because of its qualitative, economic, social or democratic instrumental values. The results of the study show that qualitative, economic, social and democratic arguments could be found in all four proposals and particularly that the proposal from 2018 contained several diverse arguments. A change over time was discovered however, since the most prominent arguments in the proposals from 1998 and 2004 revolved around the fact that culture was to be supported because of its impact on social development. The proposals from 2011 and 2018 were instead comprised of a large amount of arguments pertaining to the economic benefits of supporting culture.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the conditions for the Swedish community school of art is affected by how it is organized and by political discussions and decisions on a national as well as on a local level. Additionally, how this affects children’s accessibility to the school. A qualitative content analysis of political documents was implemented through a mixture of Dorte Skot-Hansen’s model and Per Mangset’s definitions of cultural political rationalities, with the aim to both distinguish different rationalities used for giving the community school of art legitimacy, as well as discern possible tensions between economical, administrative and creative cultural political rationalities. The results show that there are various opinions about whether or not there should be a national strategy for support of the community school of art. Furthermore, that municipals have differences and similarities between their community schools of art. In conclusion, these different opinions and local variations in conditions affect the school’s accessibility to children.

This thesis deals with the cultural efforts of the Swedish labour movement during the periodof 1917-1939. It aims to examine the similarities and differences between social democratsand communists in their approach towards culture.My theoretical guidelines are the dialectic and materialistic view on history as set forth byKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels.I have examined some important individuals in the cultural debate within the Swedish labourmovement, such as Ture Nerman and Arthur Engberg, and I also briefly outline the debate inthe Soviet Union from the classics of Lenin and Stalin.I have found that the social democrats were mainly concerned with a democratic distributionof the existing bourgeois culture rather than working for the creation of a new proletarianculture; the communists on the other hand made considerable efforts to benefit the workers'own culture based on class struggle, but failed to threaten the social democratic ideologicalhegemony among the Swedish working class.

The aim of this master’s thesis is to study the discourses on culture as developed by EU Commission. The method applied is a discoursebased historical analysis, where analysis of arguments and metaphors are functional to the enlightening of the construction of discourses within EU cultural policy. EU official documents constitute the empirical material studied. The theoretical framework of the thesis draws upon cultural public sphere theory as well instrumentalist cultural policy research. The different discourses on culture that the Commission has formulated in the thesis’ empirical material are set in relationship with the issues of Europeanisation, cultural citizenship and the transformations from a Fordist to a post-Fordist society.The history of the Commission’s cultural policy is presented in three phases. In a first phase (1957-1991) cultural policy is an implicit policy area and the Commission’s discourses on culture are found to oscillate between a conception of culture as singular, a common European culture, as well as plural, i.e. the different cultures of the member states. In a second phase (1992-2006), opened by the Maastricht Treaty, cultural policy is an explicit policy area and discourses on culture rotate around the unity-in-diversity formula, with a stronger accent on diversity compared to the past. In a third phase (2007-) cultural policy is mainly characterised by a neoliberal discourse on culture as economic resource. Discursive relationships between EU cultural policy and other EU policy areas of interest for library and information science (information society policy and information dissemination policy), are also amongst the thesis’ findings. / Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

The aim of this master’s thesis is to investigate a possible connection between the development of mobile library services in Sweden and the development of cultural policy during 1945-2006. Our main question is: is there a connection between the development of the mobile library services in Sweden, as described in Biblioteksbladet, and the development of cultural policy as portrayed by Anders Frenander and Dorte Skot-Hansen? In order to answer this question, we formulated two secondary questions: - How are the mobile library services described in Biblioteksbladet between 1945 and 2006? - Are there any similarities or dissimilarities between the development of the mobile library services and the development cultural policy as described in our theoretical models? If so, in what way? Our study covers the entire time period since the start of the mobile library services in Sweden in the late 1940s. The final year for our investigation is 2006. Our theoretical framework contains Dorte Skot-Hansen’s model of the development of western European cultural policy in the post-war period, and Anders Frenander’s discourse analysis of the Swedish cultural policy during the 20th century. The methodological approach in this study is a descriptive analysis of ideas based on a number of questions, partly based on Skot-Hansen’s model. The result of our investigation shows that there is a tangible relation between the development of the mobile library services and the development of cultural policy. This connection diminishes during the 1980’s, by the time that the cultural practices become more instrumental. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine which ideas about the public library that appear in a selection of municipal library plans and to examine if these ideas are unanimous. The comprehensive questions are: Which ideas about the public library appear in each municipal library plan? How do the ideas agree in the different municipal library plans? The sub questions are: Which judgements of reality appear in the different library plans concerning each municipality and its library needs? How do the municipalities define the concept of development and future demands in the municipality on the basis of the judgements of reality? Which recommendations do the judgements of reality give and how is the plan of action that is established in each library plan justified? Which fundamental views of reality, i. e. which values of the library and its role (function, task and responsibility in the municipality), do the library plans contain? The theoretical basis of the study is a model, designed by Dorte Skot-Hansen, consisting of three rationalities – humanistic, sociological and instrumental - that constitute the cultural policy. Idea analysis is the textual analytic method used in this study to classify the material and make visible the ideas in the library plans. The concept of the idea consists of the three elements: judgement of reality, recommendation of action and a fundamental view of reality. A modified version of Skot-Hansen’s model is used as a means to analyze the empirical material, which consists of six library plans. The findings of the study show that each library plan manifests all of the rationalities and that the ideas about the library that appear in the selection of library plans are practically unanimous. / Uppsatsnivå: D

This Master’s thesis explores and describes the beliefs, values and norms in a selection of five Swedish municipal cultural policy documents approved 2005-2007. The comprehensive question is: Which ideological traits characterize cultural policy in the chosen municipalities as communicated in their respective cultural policy vision document? The method used is ideology analysis. Ideal types based on a model by Dorte Skot-Hansen are used as a conceptual framework, illustrating three different rationalities in relation to cultural policy: the humanistic, the sociological and the market oriented. The analysis shows that the policy documents are based on different conceptions of culture. Concepts with a marked presence in the material as a whole are availability, participation, prioritization of children and youth and culture as a means for social development and economic growth. In terms of rationality the market oriented and the sociological rationalities are strong, whereas the humanistic rationality is relatively weaker. However, the results are not unambiguous. One conclusion drawn is that the municipal policy documents display a relatively high degree of independence towards the Swedish national cultural policy goals from 1996. Another conclusion is that in the midst of the 21st century it has been possible for the municipalities to choose different paths for the cultural policy on the local level.