The aim of the thesis is to illuminate music therapy in Sweden by exploring participant’s experiences of Functionally Oriented Music Therapy (FMT), music therapy grounded on psychodynamic theories and Guided Imagery and Music (GIM). How can adult participants’ experiences of music therapy used as individual treatment, be described from phenomenological perspectives? Theoretical framework is the life-world perspective according to Merleau-Ponty (2005), an ethical perspective according to Ricœur (1992) and a perspective of time consciousness according to Husserl (1991). Two pairs of persons comprising one patient and one therapist from each orientation participated, totally 6 patients and 6 therapists. Each couple was documented during three sequential sessions which were videotaped and followed up by an interview. Totally the study included 18 videotaped sessions, 36 interviews, notes and literature. The analyses show music therapy sessions based on rituals that can be divided into three phases: an entering-phase, a current-phase and an exit-phase which can be considered to be predetermined and governed by the music therapy orientations.  The participants' experiences of the sessions are described as transcendence, based on the participants' imagination during which they dialectically communicate and interact. However, the therapeutic processes do not seem to be fulfilled unless the participants have the possibility of using verbal narratives. Music helps them though to organize their experiences in the present moment since it possesses a natural innate structure. The results are discussed in relation to theories in music therapy and Damasios neurological theory which includes body, emotion and consciousness (Damasio 2004, 2000). Implications for theory and practice are made and considerations and suggestions for further research are put forward.

The aim of the thesis is to illuminate music therapy in Sweden by exploring participant’s experiences of Functionally Oriented Music Therapy (FMT), music therapy grounded on psychodynamic theories and Guided Imagery and Music (GIM). How can adult participants’ experiences of music therapy used as individual treatment, be described from phenomenological perspectives? Theoretical framework is the life-world perspective according to Merleau-Ponty (2005), an ethical perspective according to Ricœur (1992) and a perspective of time consciousness according to Husserl (1991). Two pairs of persons comprising one patient and one therapist from each orientation participated, totally 6 patients and 6 therapists. Each couple was documented during three sequential sessions which were videotaped and followed up by an interview. Totally the study included 18 videotaped sessions, 36 interviews, notes and literature. The analyses show music therapy sessions based on rituals that can be divided into three phases: an entering-phase, a current-phase and an exit-phase which can be considered to be predetermined and governed by the music therapy orientations.  The participants' experiences of the sessions are described as transcendence, based on the participants' imagination during which they dialectically communicate and interact. However, the therapeutic processes do not seem to be fulfilled unless the participants have the possibility of using verbal narratives. Music helps them though to organize their experiences in the present moment since it possesses a natural innate structure. The results are discussed in relation to theories in music therapy and Damasios neurological theory which includes body, emotion and consciousness (Damasio 2004, 2000). Implications for theory and practice are made and considerations and suggestions for further research are put forward.

The aim of this study was to investigate the young child's experience of intensive sport participation. The study concentrated on the following aspects: The role that adults play in children's sport experience. The reasons for children's sport experience becoming negative. Children's sport experience with special focus on enjoyment, pressure to win, competition anxiety, sportsmanship, crowd behaviour and withdrawal from participation. A comparison between children's sport experience and the perceptions of parents and coaches of those experiences. It was found that children experience aspects such as pressure to win, competition anxiety and crowd behaviour as negative. Another outcome of this study was the finding that children experience their sport participation more negative than parents and coaches think they do. Lastly it was found that children, in spite of having a negative experience of some aspects of sport, still enjoy participating in sport and are not considering withdrawal from it. / Educational Studies / M. Ed (Guidance and Counselling)

There is dissatisfaction with the Collects when scholastically (classically) understood. An alternative phenomenological understanding is an engaging and artistic philosophical enquiry. Phenomenological philosophical enquiry engages the individual in meaningful interpretation and construction of the life-world founded on a non-dichotomous ontology. Phenomenological enquiry (existential philosophy) interprets the present and relates to the future such as is not possible in scholastic (classical) philosophy. The early twentieth century philosophers, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, conceived a phenomenological method of interpretation which innovatively placed the subject and object in a dialectical union. Understanding the Collects phenomenologically presents new insights susceptible to consensus within a community. At present, the Collects are structured on the principles of classical (dichotomous) ontology. The Collects reflect the collective religious meaning of the life-world and provide a vision upon which a community may build. In phenomenological interpretation an individual and a community, in the presence of that which is divine, participate as co-creators of the life-world. Thus, in contemporary western society phenomenological methodology ~ay be more helpful and therefore more desirable than scholastic methodology for theological interpretation. The hypothesis that phenomenological philosophy is more helpful, thus more desirable, than scholastic philosopl1y began as a hunch on my part. From a theological perspective, I examined data obtained from a particular focus group. Intelligent reflection, phenomenologically not classically understood, is a working principle in this thesis. / Taking into account phenomenological methodology and conceptualising the problem as originally and scientifically as circumstances permit, I offer a resolution to the dissatisfaction with the Collects. I suggest replacing scholastic ontological understanding with the more helpful phenomenological ontological understanding in liturgical interpretation. This replacement-solution hypothesis is evidenced in this study minimally, but sufficiently, to conclude that such replacement is occurring in theological understanding. There are clear existential intimations of a shift from classical understanding to phenomenological understanding. The results of the survey show traditional understanding to be favoured, however. In the concluding remarks, I evaluate my findings and suggest what direction future studies may take. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

The phenomenon of aggression has been of interest to psychologists for many years, and has resulted in a variety of theories which-attempt to explain its existence in man. Aggression is prevalent in our primary schools today and it was this observation which initiated the research project. The Relationship Theory was applied in order to gain insight into the life-world of the aggressive child and to explore possible causes which may originate from changes in our society. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling (Psychology of Education)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions street children have about the most important referents in their life worlds and to propose guidelines to their helpers on the most appropriate intervention. The street children's perceptions of their families, schools, society, peers and themselves were examined through a literature study on the phenomenon of street children and their intervention and, an empirical study consisting of a questionnaire survey and case studies. It was found that the street children generally perceived themselves and these referents negatively, which can be related to experiences of severe physical, emotional and social deprivation. These perceptions influence their involvement with all referents in their lives negatively, as their main tendencies in response to problematic situations are flight, avoidance and withdrawal. Guidelines given to their schools, social-and care-workers, and educational psychologists focused on inter- and intra-personal areas of development. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counseling)

La tesi prende in considerazione l'opera di H.Rombach (1923-2004) come esempio di sviluppo di alcune tesi heideggeriane e recupero di una certa tradizione filosofica tedesca che proprio la grande fama di Heidegger ha contribuito a rendere non operativa. / The thesis takes into consideration the work of H. Rombach (1923-2004) as a development of some Heideggerian intuitions, along with the recovery of some aspects of the German philosophical tradition that the great fame of Heidegger has contributed to obscure

L’image des ruines est quasi absente dans l’art traditionnel en Chine. Mais l’usine abandonnée et le bâtiment démoli sont régulièrement présents dans le cinéma chinois contemporain depuis la des années 90. À plusieurs reprises, Jia Zhang-ke s’est inspiré du champ de ruines tandis que Wang Bing a exprimé la nostalgie pour le vieux quartier à Shenyang dans une interview à propos d’À l’Ouest des rails. De leur côté, Wang Quan’an, Wang Chao, Lou Ye, Zhang Yang racontent souvent les histoires dans le contexte de la grande vague d’urbanisation du pays. L’image des ruines, comme symptôme, est surdéterminée dans leurs films.Ce travail tente d’analyser l’esthétique des ruines par la pensée de l’anachronisme. Dans l’image filmique, le champ de ruines et le chantier ne sont ni les simples fétiches intemporels, ni les simples chroniques figuratives. Ils sont des montages de temporalités différentes par lesquels on peut entrevoir l’écheveau de notions hétérogènes, des symptômes qui font apparaître le pouvoir impérial de la Chine ancienne, des désirs de la fuite hors du monde quotidien. / The image of the ruins is almost absent in the traditional Chinese art. But the demolished building and the abandoned factory have become the most important urban landscape in the contemporary Chinese cinema since the late 1990s. The field of ruins inspired Jia Zhang-ke to write screenplays for films and Wang Bing expressed nostalgia about the old district of Shenyang during an interview. On their side, lots of filmmakers are interested in social realty in the context of urbanization. So the image of the ruins is overdetermined as a symptom in their films. This thesis is trying to analyse the esthetic value of the ruins by using the idea of anachronism. In the image of film, the field of ruins and the construction site are neither the timeless simple fetishes nor the figurative chronicles. They are some montages of different time zones, through which a mixture of ideas can be seen. They are some symptoms which can show the imperial power of the old China. They are finally some desires for escape from the concrete life-world.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka gymnasielevers upplevelse av musik och låttexter som ett didaktiskt redskap inom ramen för samhällskunskapsämnet. Studien avser också att öka förstå- elsen för de faktorer som påverkar elevernas upplevelse av detta didaktiska redskap, samt deras upplevelse av estetiska läroprocesser på gymnasienivå. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från två motstridiga teorier om hur undervisningen och läraren bör förhålla sig till elevernas livsvärldar. Åtta intervjuer ligger till grund för studiens resultat. Intervjuerna föregicks av en lektion där musik integrerades som en del i undervisningen. Resultatet pekar på att elevernas upplevelse av musik och låttexter i samhällskunskapsundervisningen i hög grad är kopplade till en mängd individuella faktorer. Aspekter som elevens inlärningspreferenser, livsvärld, personlighet, in- tresse och motivation framstod här som betydande. Slutsatsen visar dels att metoden tycktes göra störst skillnad för elever med både låg inre och yttre motivation. Slutligen belyser studien å ena sida betydande skillnader i elevernas upplevelse och åsikter om undervisning generellt, men visar å andra sidan att de förenas i åsikten att en god undervisning karakteriseras av vari- ation, elevaktiva metoder, tydlighet och struktur. / This study aims to examine upper-secondary school students' experience of music and song lyrics as a didactic tool within the social studies subject. Furthermore, the study aims to increase the understanding of factors that affect students' experience of the aesthetic learning process. The theoretical framework is based on two conflicting theories about how teaching and teachers should relate to the students' life worlds. Eight interviews form the basis of this study's results. The interviews were preceded by a lesson where music was integrated as a part of the teaching. The results indicate that the students' experience of music and lyrics in social studies teaching, were to a large extent linked to a multitude of factors. Aspects such as the student's learning preferences, life world, personality, interests and motivation appeared to be significant factors that affected their experience. The method seemed to make the largest difference for students with both low internal and external motivation. On one hand the study highlights the differences in the students' experience and opinions on teaching in general. On the other hand, the students unanimously described good teaching to be characterized by varied and student-active methods in combination with lucidity and structure.

Bakgrund: Varje år vårdas barn på allmänna intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige, där det generellt vårdas mer vuxna än barn. Att vårda ett barn på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning händer sällan vilket inte ger samma erfarenhet som att vårda en vuxen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda barn under 12 år på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: Studien har en induktiv kvalitativ ansats och tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor har intervjuats. Induktiv latent innehållsanalys har använts för att analysera insamlad data. Resultat: Resultatet gällande intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser genererade i åtta subkategorier och tre generiska kategorier; Ingen sedvana, Att hantera sin osäkerhet och Hela familjen behöver vård. Dessa ledde fram till temat; Det är en känsla av att bli berörd och att samtidigt försöka skapa omtänksamhet i en ovan situation. Resultatet visar på vikten av att tillsammans kunna stötta varandra för att skapa en trygghet vid vården kring ett svårt sjukt barn. Då det på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning är en ovanlig situation för intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna att vårda barn så upplevdes det extra viktigt att vara väl förberedd, ha en god kommunikation och ett sammansvetsat team. Slutsats: Att vårda ett barn på allmän intensivvårdsavdelning väcker mycket känslor såsom osäkerhet och frustration vilket påverkade hela teamet. Då det är en händelse som sker allt för sällan så ger det en anspänning och en rädsla för att göra fel. Kontinuerlig utbildning och bra rutiner på arbetsplatsen kan minska osäkerheten och bidra till ett bättre välbefinnande för både personal, föräldrar och barn. Nyckelord: Allmän intensivvårdsavdelning, familj, intensivvård, intensivvårdssjuksköterska, kritiskt sjuka barn, livsvärld, omvårdnad, upplevelse, vårdvetenskap.  Nubb: Tack alla respondenter som tog sig tid och gjorde denna studie möjlig. Tack till vår handledare Susanne Knutsson som hjälpt oss på vägen och tack till våra familjer som har funnits där för oss hela tiden. / Bakgrund: Varje år vårdas barn på allmänna intensivvårdsavdelningar i Sverige, där fler vuxna i allmänhet vårdas än barn. Att ta hand om ett barn på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning är något som sällan händer, vilket inte ger samma upplevelse som att ta hand om en vuxen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att ta hand om barn under 12 år på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: Studien har ett induktivt kvalitativt förhållningssätt och tio intensivvårdssjuksköterskor har intervjuats. Induktiv latent innehållsanalys har använts för att analysera insamlade data. Resultat: Resultaten av intensivvårdssjuksköterskornas erfarenheter i åtta underkategorier och tre generiska kategorier. Ingen vana, för att hantera sin osäkerhet och hela familjen behöver vård. Dessa ledde till temat; Det är en känsla av att bli rörd och samtidigt försöka skapa eftertänksamhet i en sällsynt situation. Resultaten visar vikten av att kunna stötta varandra tillsammans för att skapa en känsla av trygghet i vården av ett kritiskt sjukt barn. Eftersom det är en ovanlig situation för intensivvårdssköterskorna att ta hand om barn på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning upplevde de vikten av att vara väl förberedda, ha god kommunikation och samarbete i teamet. Slutsats: Att ta hand om ett barn på en allmän intensivvårdsavdelning väcker många känslor som osäkerhet och frustration som påverkar hela teamet. Eftersom det är en händelse som händer sällan, ger det en spänning och en rädsla för att göra ett misstag. Kontinuerlig utbildning och bra rutiner på arbetsplatsen kan minska otryggheten och bidra till bättre välbefinnande för både personal, föräldrar och barn.