At electronic dance music events in the United States, artists and attendees tend to appropriate religious and spiritual sounds, images, and dress, especially from India but also from elsewhere, to varying degrees. This project explicates the effects of adopting religious symbology, ethos, and atmosphere in the music and culture of EDM, specifically in bass music culture. It argues that although individual participants may adopt aspects of religious traditions in ways they perceive as authentic, the potential for misappropriation still exists. In other words, EDM culture creates opportunities for misappropriation that individual participants navigate in order to construct their own individual forms of spirituality in relation to the live music experience and EDM culture at large. Utilizing a set of seven interviews with individuals who have close ties to the EDM community, this project explores the ways that attendees navigate conversations about cultural appropriation, specifically in the bass music community. A set of common attitudes, opinions, and beliefs forges a syncretic spirituality among these seven interviewees, which inform how these individuals navigate conversations about appropriation in the EDM community. In addition to these seven interviews, three case studies that focus on specific artists who spearhead specific subscenes frame this project: the psychedelic downtempo duo Desert Dwellers, the multiethnic trap artist TroyBoi, and the cult dubstep DJ Bassnectar. Synthesizing ideas by these seven interviews with previous EDM scholarship and specific cases within these communities, I conclude that as artists and attendees negotiate meanings with one another, they must ultimately choose to justify their appropriation, often by claiming a syncretic sense of spirituality, or to avoid association with it entirely.

Västberga Artistkolletiv (VAK), as a project, is an investigation into the self-image of my home town, Stockholm. It is a mapping of both the experienced and factual cultural scene in order to understand how and where an addition would be suitable. The end goal has been a physical building, a platform that strategically helps raising the creative potential of this city. The idea is to design a place dedicated to creating the best possible environment for recording live concerts, in regard to both audio and video. Hence, an acoustically perfected live venue for broadcasting and recording artists of various levels. The purpose is to provide a platform where they can grow, as well as spread their music and art. Furthermore, it is a meeting point for people, so experiencing a concert on site should not be regarded as less of a priority than the recorded material. On the larger scale the investigation aims to establish the link between the architecture - the venue, and the self-image of the city and its citizens, to see how they are nurturing each other. This is also a residential building, and a gathering spot for anyone that feels like they want to be a part of a creative environment, living inside a concert venue, while working on their own music or collaborating with the platform and radio station.

Demenssjukdomar drabbar i allt högre grad en åldrande population. Med dettaföljer ett antal komplikationer och problemskapande beteenden som påverkaromvårdnaden. Syftet var att undersöka på vilket sätt olika typer av musik kan haen positiv effekt på demenspatienter och därmed underlätta och förbättraomvårdnadsarbetet. Metoden som valdes var en litteraturstudie. Som teoretiskreferensram valdes Katie Erikssons omvårdnadsteori. Analysen resulterade iföljande teman: Effekten av musik vid agiterade beteenden hos demenspatienter,musikens form i omvårdnaden av demenspatienter och musikens effekter vidmåltidssituationer. Resultatet visade att musik kan ha positiv effekt på agiteradebeteenden samt underlätta för födointag vid måltidssituationer. Bäst effekt harmusik som framförs live. Musiken bör också vara anpassad efter varje individsenskilda smak och resultatet bör utvärderas i varje enskilt fall. I diskussionenkonkluderades det bland annat att musik kan antas förbättra välbefinnandet hospatienter med demenssjukdom och därmed underlätta såväl omvårdnadsarbetet förvårdaren som välbefinnandet för patienten. / Dementia afflicts increasing numbers of an aging population. A number ofcomplications follows, such as different unwanted behaviours that affect thequality of care. The aim was to investigate in which way different types of musicmight have positive effects on patients suffering from dementia, and therebysimplify and improve caring. The chosen method was a literature review. Thechosen theoretical frame of reference was Katie Eriksson´s theory of caring. Theanalysis resulted in three themes: The effect of music with agitated behaviours onpatients suffering from dementia, the type of music in caring of patients sufferingfrom dementia and a theme concerning the effects of music in mealtime situations.The results revealed that music might have a positive effect on agitatedbehaviours and also on food intake in dinner situations. Music that is performedlive has the best effect. The music should be suited according to each individual’sspecific musical preference and each result should be evaluated separately. In thediscussion has been concluded that music can be assumed to increase thewellbeing of patients suffering from dementia and thereby improve caring.

Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts begann sich der Tanzmusik-Markt zu internationalisieren und die europäischen Staaten orientierten sich zunehmend an Trends, die von den USA ausgingen. Die Übernahme afroamerikanischer Charakteristika in die Interpretation, Instrumentation und Kompositionen europäischer Tanz- und Unterhaltungsmusik (TUM) wurde ab den 1930er Jahren, in der Hochzeit swingender Bigbands, zur Regel. Ich möchte in der vorliegenden kulturwissenschaftlichen Arbeit der Frage nachgehen, inwieweit diese Internationalisierung der TUM im Osten Deutschlands nach 1945 weiterhin Bestand hatte. Dort galt ja die USA und der Westen nun als »Klassenfeind«. Gelang es der staatlichen Kulturpolitik, das sozialistische Musik-Feld in ihrem Sinne zu dominieren? Wurde also in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ) und frühen DDR eine andere, »nationalere« und sozialistischere Tanzmusik produziert und rezipiert als in Westdeutschland? Mittels einer hermeneutischen Untersuchung relevanter Musikdiskurse und einer möglichst umfassenden Einbeziehung aller im Musik-Feld tätigen Akteure und ihrer Strategien gelang es mir, ein differenziertes Bild zu zeichnen. Ein Ergebnis ist die Diagnose zweier getrennter Welten: einer Kulturpolitik, welche die öffentliche zensierte Meinung in der DDR bestimmte und westlich beeinflusste Tanzmusik ablehnte. Und andererseits das Musikgeschäft in alltäglichen Tanzabenden, Radioprogrammen und Schallplattenproduktionen, welches gezwungen war, sich an internationalen Trends zu orientieren, wollte es nicht Tänzer brüskieren oder Hörer an die »Westsender« verlieren. Diese Kluft zwischen Intention und Wirklichkeit, unter der vor allem die ausübenden Tanzmusiker zu leiden hatten, konnte zumindest bis zum Mauerbau 1961 nicht überwunden werden. Das lag unter anderem auch an der Uneinigkeit unter den staatlichen Musikexperten, wie genau die Kriterien einer vom Westen unabhängigen Tanzmusik auszusehen haben. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht eingehend das Tanzmusikgeschäft in Dresden, hat aber den Anspruch, auch für andere Städte der DDR in diesem Zeitraum zu gelten. / In the beginning of the 20th century, the market for dance music began to become more international, and also the european states imported more and more trends like the new jazz idiomes from the USA. In the 1930`s, when swing was to become the first worldwide pop music, lots of dance bands also in germany integrated the new stilistics in their everyday music work. In this cultural study i would like to ask, if this internationalism in dance music was lasting through the years of early cold war until 1961. In the eastern part of germany under soviet government structures, the USA was the military and cultural enemy. Western dance music like swing and R`n`B had to be replaced by somewhat socialist and nationalist dance music, so the governmental culture politics. Became their wishes reality? Does exist such genre in popular music? With the help of hermeneutics, analysis of relevant discourses and the strategies of musicians, politicians and writers, it is possible to state two worlds of music life in the young GDR. On the one hand, the censored public opinion, in which all western trends in dance music were damned. On the other side, the socialist music business with live music, radio broadcasting and music production, in which music influenced from afroamerican, latin american, jazz and country genres represented a big part. Because radio listeners for example could easily switch to western stations and so be distant from political propaganda. Or the dance halls, which had to consider the wishes of the mostly young dancers for new genres like rock`n`roll because of financial issues. The gap between this two worlds couldn`t be closed until 1961, and especially the dance musicians had to be creative in this regard. The situation became more complex because of the cluelessness of the music experts, how a genuine socialist dance music had to sound like. This study explores the dance music business and cultural politics in dresden, but it claims to be representative also for other cities in the young GDR.

<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att göra en deskriptiv studie av drivkrafter bakom Debasers uppkomst och utveckling på Stockholms livemusikscen samt försöka identifiera dominerande idéer på fältet som kan ha påverkat Debaser och livemusikscenens utveckling. Med fält syftar vi på fältet för musikbranschen. Inom fältet ryms bland andra olika aktörer på livemusikscenen, boknings- och skivbolag, musiker och kulturpolitiker.</p><p>Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie som till stor del baseras på primärdata från intervjuer med Debasers grundare och med personer inom fältet för musikbranschen. Vid intervjuerna har vi utgått ifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide som tar upp vissa teman och förslag på specifika frågor baserade på syftet och den givna referensramen för studien. Referensramen består av teorier inom det institutionella perspektivet, organisationsidentitet, entreprenörskap och tillväxt.</p><p>De slutsatser som vi kommit fram till är bland annat att Debasers uppkomst till stor del möjliggjordes av tre dominerande idéer inom fältet som kommit att påverka Stockholms livemusikscen. Till att börja med fanns en idé om att det fanns en brist på Stockholms livemusikscen, vilket var något som konstaterats från många håll. Debasers grundare som redan var aktiva inom fältet kände av denna brist som i sin tur skapade ett utrymme för dem som intentionellt handlande entreprenörer att starta sin verksamhet. Även den andra idén om att det skedde ett så kallat attitydskifte från politiskt håll gentemot pop och rock men även mot själva livemusikscenen skapade ytterligare möjligheter för Debasers grundare att förverkliga sin affärsidé. Attitydskiftet påverkade inte bara Debaser utan även andra entreprenörer inom fältet vars möjligheter att skapa nya livemusikscener ökade i kölvattnet av Debasers uppkomst, så kallade svärmar. Den tredje idén var att det skett ett fokusskifte inom fältet då livemusik fått allt större utrymme vilket kan ha påverkat den positiva tillväxt som Debaser haft sedan sin start. Debaser har kommit att bli en stark aktör inom fältet som kämpat för sina intressen och har skapat organisering kring idén om behovet av en levande livemusikscen i Stockholm.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to do a descriptive study of driving forces behind the origin and development of Debaser on the live music scene in Stockholm and also the dominating ideas within its field. The field is the music business field within which different actors operate, such as booking agents, record companies, musicians, politicians and the live scene itself. <strong></strong></p><p>The study is based on qualitative primary data from interviews with the founders of Debaser and with persons within the field for the music business. When executing the interviews we used a semi-structured template, focusing on specific themes with suggestions for questions based on the purpose and the given frame of reference. The frame of reference of the study consists of theories regarding the institutional perspective, organizational identity, entrepreneurship and growth in small companies. <strong></strong></p><p>The conclusions we have come to is for one that the origin of Debaser was made due to three dominating ideas within the field that has come to affect the scene for live music in Stockholm. The first was an idea of a gap on the scene for live music and that there was a need for a concert venue of middle-size. This idea was confirmed from various actors. The founders of Debaser who were already active within the field were aware of the gap, which in turn enabled them as intentionally acting entrepreneurs to establish their business. The second idea deals with a change of attitude among politicians towards pop and rock music and the scene for live music which also created possibilities for the founders to realize their business. This change of attitude also affected other entrepreneurs within the field, so called swarms that were able to start up new scenes for live music in the wake of Debaser. The third idea deals with a focus shift in the music business that gives live music more space, which could have affected the growth of Debaser in a positive way. As we see it, Debaser has become a powerful actor within the field who works hard to gain its interests and has created organization around the idea of the need of a dynamic scene for live music in Stockholm.</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen är att göra en deskriptiv studie av drivkrafter bakom Debasers uppkomst och utveckling på Stockholms livemusikscen samt försöka identifiera dominerande idéer på fältet som kan ha påverkat Debaser och livemusikscenens utveckling. Med fält syftar vi på fältet för musikbranschen. Inom fältet ryms bland andra olika aktörer på livemusikscenen, boknings- och skivbolag, musiker och kulturpolitiker. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie som till stor del baseras på primärdata från intervjuer med Debasers grundare och med personer inom fältet för musikbranschen. Vid intervjuerna har vi utgått ifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide som tar upp vissa teman och förslag på specifika frågor baserade på syftet och den givna referensramen för studien. Referensramen består av teorier inom det institutionella perspektivet, organisationsidentitet, entreprenörskap och tillväxt. De slutsatser som vi kommit fram till är bland annat att Debasers uppkomst till stor del möjliggjordes av tre dominerande idéer inom fältet som kommit att påverka Stockholms livemusikscen. Till att börja med fanns en idé om att det fanns en brist på Stockholms livemusikscen, vilket var något som konstaterats från många håll. Debasers grundare som redan var aktiva inom fältet kände av denna brist som i sin tur skapade ett utrymme för dem som intentionellt handlande entreprenörer att starta sin verksamhet. Även den andra idén om att det skedde ett så kallat attitydskifte från politiskt håll gentemot pop och rock men även mot själva livemusikscenen skapade ytterligare möjligheter för Debasers grundare att förverkliga sin affärsidé. Attitydskiftet påverkade inte bara Debaser utan även andra entreprenörer inom fältet vars möjligheter att skapa nya livemusikscener ökade i kölvattnet av Debasers uppkomst, så kallade svärmar. Den tredje idén var att det skett ett fokusskifte inom fältet då livemusik fått allt större utrymme vilket kan ha påverkat den positiva tillväxt som Debaser haft sedan sin start. Debaser har kommit att bli en stark aktör inom fältet som kämpat för sina intressen och har skapat organisering kring idén om behovet av en levande livemusikscen i Stockholm. / The purpose of this thesis is to do a descriptive study of driving forces behind the origin and development of Debaser on the live music scene in Stockholm and also the dominating ideas within its field. The field is the music business field within which different actors operate, such as booking agents, record companies, musicians, politicians and the live scene itself. The study is based on qualitative primary data from interviews with the founders of Debaser and with persons within the field for the music business. When executing the interviews we used a semi-structured template, focusing on specific themes with suggestions for questions based on the purpose and the given frame of reference. The frame of reference of the study consists of theories regarding the institutional perspective, organizational identity, entrepreneurship and growth in small companies. The conclusions we have come to is for one that the origin of Debaser was made due to three dominating ideas within the field that has come to affect the scene for live music in Stockholm. The first was an idea of a gap on the scene for live music and that there was a need for a concert venue of middle-size. This idea was confirmed from various actors. The founders of Debaser who were already active within the field were aware of the gap, which in turn enabled them as intentionally acting entrepreneurs to establish their business. The second idea deals with a change of attitude among politicians towards pop and rock music and the scene for live music which also created possibilities for the founders to realize their business. This change of attitude also affected other entrepreneurs within the field, so called swarms that were able to start up new scenes for live music in the wake of Debaser. The third idea deals with a focus shift in the music business that gives live music more space, which could have affected the growth of Debaser in a positive way. As we see it, Debaser has become a powerful actor within the field who works hard to gain its interests and has created organization around the idea of the need of a dynamic scene for live music in Stockholm.

Cette thèse présente les résultats d’une recherche portant sur les ciné-concerts (séance decinéma accompagnée musicalement en direct par un ou plusieurs musiciens) et ses publics.À l’aide d’une analyse sur les relations qu’entretiennent musique et cinéma et d’un examendes circonstances de la naissance des ciné-concerts aux alentours des années 1980, ce travails’attache à montrer comment le ciné-concert devient un mythe au sens où l’entend RolandBarthes élaboré autour de deux promesses : le ciné-concert est une plongée au cœur del’histoire du cinéma et une expérience spectatorielle inédite pour les publics. À partir d’uneréflexion sur les liens qu’entretient le ciné-concert avec le développement numérique dessalles de cinéma, nous comprendrons comment, tout en étant une expérience qui prend sesracines dans le passé du cinéma, c’est d’une expérience nouvelle de spectateur qu’il estquestion. Enfin, nous analyserons les liens qu’entretient cet événement avec la cinéphilie,avec la mélomanie, et enfin comment son inscription à l’éventail des pratiques culturellesparticipe au brouillage des frontières symboliques de la légitimité culturelle. / This thesis presents the results of a research about film-concerts (a movie screening wherethe music is played live by one or many musicians) and its audiences. Through an analysisof the relationship between music and cinema as well as a study of the conditions of theemergence of the film-concert around the year 1980, this work shows how the film-concertbecame a myth as per Roland Barthes’ definition. The myth is built around two promises:the film-concert allows the audience to dive into the history of cinema as well as being abrand new cultural experience. Starting from a reflection about the links between filmconcertand the digitalization of cinema, the work will show how, while this event takes itsroots from the origin of cinema, it is a new experience for the audience. Then, we willanalyze how film-concert modifies the relationship between an audience member andcinema as well as his relationship with concert and the orchestra to finally show going tofilm-concerts modifies the symbolic boundaries of cultural legitimacy.

[pt] Frente à acirrada competição entre cidades, é tarefa dos gestores proporcionar um ambiente de atração para visitantes e investimentos, além de manter os residentes satisfeitos. Portanto, o desenvolvimento local vai além das políticas públicas e se torna um desafio de mercado. Ademais, há um reconhecimento crescente por parte dos gestores e outros agentes de que uma cena musical dinâmica impulsiona a economia ao criar empregos, atrair turistas e fortalecer a marca da cidade. Diante desse contexto, este estudo investiga como a indústria da música ao vivo afeta o processo de construção da marca de uma cidade, analisa os componentes e dimensões dessa indústria e também mostra como uma cidade pode articulá-los para fomentar o desenvolvimento e fortalecer sua marca. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um estudo de caso múltiplo realizado no Rio de Janeiro e em Montreal, cidades com forte tradição de música ao vivo. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico que propõe a divisão da infraestrutura de música ao vivo em duas partes: uma voltada para grandes eventos e outra voltada para o que acontece durante todo o ano, fora dos grandes eventos. A pesquisa aponta que os grandes eventos têm uma forte influência na marca da cidade. No entanto, é o que acontece ao longo do ano que nutre a identidade cultural de uma cidade, que por sua vez tem uma forte influência na marca da cidade. Os resultados destacam que: (a) as cenas musicais de uma cidade podem ser um argumento turístico porque são um elemento de diferenciação; (b) as cidades devem proteger seus espaços de pequeno e médio porte, pois eles tornam os eventos musicais mais acessíveis e relevantes para a população de diferentes territórios; (c) a proteção da indústria de música ao vivo de uma cidade está conectada com a preservação de seu patrimônio musical. A herança musical influencia a composição, produção, consumo e outros aspectos envolvidos nas cenas musicais de uma cidade; (d) é fundamental garantir a continuidade das políticas públicas de cultura e estabelecer um processo mais inclusivo que considere a diversidade do público; e (e) considerando a escassez de recursos, o financiamento público deve priorizar o apoio à educação musical, aos eventos musicais ao longo do ano e à preservação do patrimônio da cidade. O estudo também mostra que as Secretarias de Turismo e Cultura devem trabalhar juntas para manter a autenticidade da marca da cidade, pois o que não está exclusivamente ligado a um lugar pode ser replicado por outra cidade e, portanto, não pode ser considerado um elemento de diferenciação. Este estudo pretende fornecer informações para acadêmicos, profissionais da indústria musical, gestores públicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento econômico e cultural, e profissionais de turismo que procuram maneiras de impulsionar as economias locais por meio da cultura. / [en] With the increasingly fierce competition among cities, place managers must provide an environment capable of not only attracting visitors and investments but also keeping residents satisfied. Therefore, local development goes beyond public policy and becomes a market challenge. Furthermore, there is a growing recognition among governments and other stakeholders that a dynamic music scene boosts a city s economy by creating jobs, attracting tourists, and strengthening the city s brand. Within this context, the present study investigates how the live music industry affects the process of building a city s brand. The project analyzes the components and dimensions of the live music industry and also shows how a city can articulate them in order to foster the development of its live music industry and strengthen its brand. This analysis was based on a multiple-case study conducted in Rio de Janeiro and in Montreal, cities with strong and long-standing traditions of live music. A theoretical model was developed as a result of this inquiry. It proposes the breakdown of the city cultural infrastructure into two parts: a live music infrastructure geared towards major events, and a live music infrastructure geared towards what happens year-round, outside of major events. The findings show that major events have a strong influence on city branding. Yet the research also shows that it is what happens throughout the year that nourishes a city s cultural identity, which in turn has a strong influence on the city s brand. The results highlight that: (a) strong music scenes can be a tourism argument because they are an element of differentiation; (b) cities must protect their small and medium-sized venues because these spaces can make music events more accessible and relevant to the population of different territories; (c) the protection of the live music industry of a city and the preservation of its musical heritage go hand in hand. Musical heritage influences music composition, consumption and other aspects involved in a city s music scenes; (d) ensuring the continuity of public policies for culture and establishing a more inclusive process that considers the diversity of the audience is key; and (e) considering the scarcity of resources, public funding should prioritize support for music education, year-round live music events, and the preservation of the city s heritage. The study also emphasizes that the Tourism Office and Bureau of Cultural Affairs should work together to keep city branding authentic, since what is not uniquely linked to a place can easily replicated, and therefore can t be considered an element of differentiation. This study intends to provide information for academics, music industry professionals, political leaders and government officials involved in economic and/or cultural development, and tourism and business leaders looking for ways to boost local economies through culture.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis representa una parte de lo que ha sido un minucioso y extenso trabajo de investigación entre dos grandes disciplinas, música y medicina, que se han abrazado para intentar aliviar y mejorar la salud de los pacientes. Parte de una visión general de la importancia de la música en el ámbito sanitario y se focaliza en el estudio del impacto que tiene al ser administrada como adyuvante en el tratamiento del enfermo renal, con el propósito de aportar nuevos datos al objetivo principal de la tesis: verificar el efecto que produce sobre los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, la música clásica escuchada en directo en el hospital, como ayuda al tratamiento durante los procesos de hemodiálisis. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura actual para identificar y clasificar estudios que utilizan la música en vivo en hospitales, con el objetivo de ofrecer un análisis de la relevancia que tiene al ser aplicada como ayuda en diferentes tratamientos médicos. Comprobamos si los niveles de ansiedad y depresión del paciente renal, mejoran después de escuchar música en directo mientras reciben el tratamiento. Los resultados se plasman con la publicación de dos artículos: "Hemodiálisis musical para mejorar la ansiedad y depresión". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte. Y "Effect of live music on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial pilot study". Psychology of Music. En paralelo y de manera complementaria se lleva a cabo una segunda investigación que pretende verificar si estas intervenciones de música clásica en directo e "in situ" durante el tratamiento de Hemodiálisis tienen efectos sobre la Calidad de Vida de los pacientes. Estos resultados se publican en un tercer artículo "Estudio de intervención para comprobar el efecto de la música clásica en directo durante hemodiálisis sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica". Nefrología. Para cerrar la tesis se inicia la discusión del valor que aporta la música en vivo en los hospitales, se identifican y clasifican todos los estudios revisados con el objetivo de determinar el valor que aportan. Los resultados se recogen en una cuarta publicación "El valor de la música en vivo en los hospitales: Revisión bibliográfica de alcance". Revista musical Chilena. / [CA] Aquesta tesi representa una part del que ha sigut un minuciós i extens treball de recerca entre dues grans disciplines, música i medicina, que s'han abraçat per a intentar alleujar i millorar la salut dels pacients. Part d'una visió general de la importància de la música en l'àmbit sanitari i es focalitza en l'estudi de l'impacte que té en ser administrada com a adjuvant en el tractament del malalt renal, amb el propòsit d'aportar noves dades a l'objectiu principal de la tesi: verificar l'efecte que produeix sobre els pacients amb insuficiència renal crònica, la música clàssica escoltada en directe a l'hospital, com a ajuda al tractament durant els processo d'hemodiàlisis. Es realitza una revisió de la literatura actual per a identificar i classificar estudis que utilitzen la música en viu en hospitals, amb l'objectiu d'oferir una anàlisi de la rellevància que té en ser aplicada com a ajuda en diferents tractaments mèdics. Comprovem si els nivells d'ansietat i depressió del pacient renal, milloren després d'escoltar música en directe mentre reben el tractament. Els resultats es plasmen amb la publicació de dos articles: "Hemodiálisis musical para mejorar la ansiedad y depresión". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte. Y "Effect of live music on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial pilot study". Psychology of Music. En paral¿lel i de manera complementària es duu a terme una segona investigació la qual pretén verificar si aquestes intervencions de música clàssica en directe i "in situ" durant el tractament d'Hemodiàlisi tenen efectes sobre la Qualitat de Vida dels pacients. Aquests resultats es publiquen en un tercer article "Estudio de intervención para comprobar el efecto de la música clásica en directo durante hemodiálisis sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica". Nefrología. Per a tancar la tesi s'inicia la discussió del valor que aporta la música en viu als hospitals, s'identifiquen i classifiquen tots els estudis revisats amb l'objectiu de determinar el valor que aporten a l'àmbit hospitalari. Els resultats es recullen en una quarta publicació "El valor de la música en vivo en los hospitales: Revisión bibliográfica de alcance". Revista musical Chilena / [EN] This thesis represents a part of a meticulous and extensive research work between two great disciplines, music and medicine, which have embraced each other to try to alleviate and improve patients' health. It starts from a general vision of the importance of music in the health field and focuses on the study of its impact when administered as an adjuvant in the treatment of kidney patients to provide new data for the main objective of the thesis. : verify the effect that classical music listened to live in the hospital has on patients with chronic kidney failure as an aid to treatment during hemodialysis processes. A review of the current literature is carried out to identify and classify studies that use live music in hospitals, with the aim of offering an analysis of the relevance it has when applied as an aid in different medical treatments. We check whether the kidney patient's anxiety and depression levels improve after listening to live music while receiving treatment. The results are reflected in the publication of two articles: "Hemodiálisis musical para mejorar la ansiedad y depresión". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte. Y "Effect of live music on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: a randomised clinical trial pilot study". Psychology of Music. In parallel and complementary a second investigation is carried out which aims to verify whether these live and "in situ" classical music interventions during Hemodialysis treatment have effects on the patients' Quality of Life. These results are published in a third article "Estudio de intervención para comprobar el efecto de la música clásica en directo durante hemodiálisis sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica". Nefrología. To close the thesis, the discussion of the value that live music provides in hospitals begins. All the studies reviewed are identified and classified to determine the value they contribute to the hospital environment. The results are collected in a fourth publication "El valor de la música en vivo en los hospitales: Revisión bibliográfica de alcance". Revista musical Chilena / Serrano Soliva, M. (2024). La música clásica en directo y la respuesta frente a la enfermedad y su evolución en pacientes con tratamiento de hemodiálisis [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203528 / Compendio

The live music performance industry is growing tremendously in South Africa, with more and more international artists performing on our shores year after year. Competition is growing and various companies are beginning to identify this as a business opportunity to make money. However, managing live music performances is a complex task which involves managing various aspects (critical success factors) of the event in order to ensure that it is a success. Apart from this, visitors attend these performances hoping that their expectations will be exceeded and the performance is something which can be treasured and is worth remembering once everything is over. This is referred to as a memorable experience. In order to ensure a memorable visitor experience, it is essential for managers to be aware of what the visitors regard as important critical success factors. These are aspects that management can control and improve. Thus, the critical success factors should be implemented effectively in order to ensure that the event is memorable for visitors attending the live music performance. While various critical success factors are familiar to event organisers, they differ from event to event. Thus, the critical success factors of one event cannot be implemented at another with the same expectation of success. This is due to the heterogeneous groups of people who attend these events and who cannot be regarded as being the same, as each individual will have different expectations of the same event. Therefore, it is also important for the managers of live music performances to determine how the visitors to the different genre events regard the various critical success factors that are vital for a memorable experience. This is significant, as various music genres attract different attendees who each have their own expectations of a music genre and which may differ from those of visitors to other music genres. For example, the expectations for a memorable experience of individuals attending a classical live music performance will differ from individuals attending a rock or pop live music performance. In addition, it is also important for management to compare those critical success factors identified by the visitors to their own ideas of what is important for a successful event in order to identify any shortcomings. Thus, it was expedient to seek answers to the questions of what visitors to live music performances regard as important critical success factors as well as what the managers consider to be important for a memorable experience. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the critical success factors for managing a memorable visitor experience at live music performances from both the demand and supply sides. The said factors were subsequently compared in order to establish whether any shortcomings exist. This thesis comprises three articles. Firstly, the research was conducted from a demand (visitors) side. Thus, the aim of Chapter 3 was to determine what attendees at live music performances regard as being critical success factors for different music genres so as to enhance memorable visitor experiences. Surveys were conducted at various genres of live music performances which included classical music (Il Divo), R&B (Usher), rock (Sting), blues (Michael Buble), pop (Roxette) and Afrikaans music (Steve Hofmeyr). A total of 4 110 questionnaires were administered and a general profile of the visitors in terms of the different genres was compiled. A factor analysis was subsequently performed in order to determine the critical success factors for all six genres. Thereafter, an Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied in order to compare the critical success factors of the various genres with one another. The results indicated significant statistical differences amongst the different music genres with regard to that which the visitors to the different live music performances regard as being important for a memorable visitor experience. Secondly, the research was conducted from a supply (managers) side and the objective of Chapter 4 was to determine what the managers consider to be important critical success factors in ensuring a memorable visitor experience at a live music performance. A qualitative research method, by means of interviews, was used to obtain the relevant information from the selected participants. All the data collected in the process were transcribed into text and presented in a narrative form. The six step method formulated by Cresswell (2009:185-189) for data analysis and interpretation was used to analyse the data. Four major themes emerged from the analysis where each theme was differentiated in terms of various categories and subcategories. This process contributed greatly towards gaining detailed information regarding the main purpose of organising a live music performance; identifying the aspects that managers consider to be important when organising a live music performance and those aspects that are important in pre-, during- and post-event planning phases as well as how managers define a memorable experience. Lastly, in Chapter 5 a comparison was performed between the demand and supply sides of live music performances in order to establish whether any differences exist amongst the aspects that management consider to be important compared to the critical success factors that the visitors regard as being important to achieve a memorable visitor experience. Both qualitative (supply side) and quantitative (demand side) research methods were implemented in this research. The results of the critical success factors drawn from the first and second articles were used to conduct this research. The results of both the demand and supply sides were subsequently compared with one another where significant differences had been identified. This was the first time that research was conducted from both the demand and supply sides within the live music performance environment. The results of this research contribute greatly to literature and to the music industry. In addition, this was also the first time that both a qualitative and a quantitative research method were applied in research conducted at live music performances and which were subsequently compared with one another. Determining the differences between the critical success factors identified contributes towards event specific education and information for current as well as future live music performance managers. Therefore, results of this research can be employed to educate and inform current and future managers in the live music performance industry regarding important aspects relating to the enhancement of the important critical success factors that contribute to a memorable experience when individuals attend a live music performance. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014