Studien söker spår och bevispunkter av stormannakyrkor i Tiundaland under medeltiden. Fyra kyrkor i området undersöks: Tierps kyrka, Lena kyrka, Tuna kyrka och Edsbro kyrka. Genom arkitektonisk beskrivning och analys tillsammans med en tvärvetenskaplig undersökning som utförts med de fyra ledorden: plats, material, elit och tidpunkt har kyrkorna studerats.Undersökningen stärker tidigare forskning: individualitet, exklusiva material, hög andel frälsejord, stormän bosatta i närområdet och kyrkonamn som har samma namn som socknen framstår alla som goda tecken. Vidare studier av kyrkornas estetiska uttryck och valvslagingens individualitet framförs som möjliga tecken, dessa tecken är dock i behov av vidare studier.

Arbetet syftar till att öka kunskapen om de medeltida takkonstruktioner och hur de är uppbyggda. Genom att göra en inventering och byggnadsundersökning av två takkonstruktioner i medeltida kyrkor. Resultatet av studien är tänkt att öka kunskapen av denna typ av byggnadsverk, dess kulturhistoriska värden och ge underlag för en långsiktig och hållbar förvaltning. De två kyrkorna som har undersökts är Drevs gamla kyrka och Hemmesjö gamla kyrka. I Sverige finns det många exemplar av välbevarade takkonstruktioner från medeltiden vilket är unikt. Examensarbetet genomfördes med hjälp av platsbesök, litteraturstudier och intervjuer, vilket var en bra kombination som gav ett tillförlitligt resultat. De personer som valdes att intervjuas är kunniga inom området och det var Samuel Palmblad från Kulturparken Småland samt timmerman och forskare Mattias Hallgren från Traditionsbärarna. Resultatet visar att båda kyrkorna är konstruerade i en romansk stil vilket är en arkitektonisk stil som var vanlig bland sockenkyrkorna under den tidiga medeltiden (1100-talet). Byggnadsteknikerna utvecklades under medeltiden vilket sakristian i Hemmesjö gamla kyrka visar med sin gotiska takkonstruktion från 1400-talet. Resultatet påpekar att båda dessa kyrkor är en del av Sveriges kulturarv och måste därefter bli behandlade på ett korrekt sätt för att dess kulturhistoriska värde inte ska förstöras. Resultatet påvisar även vikten av att dokumentera denna typ av takkonstruktioner då det ska fungera som en hjälp för förvaltningen av denna typ av bebyggelse. Detta examensarbete har svarat på varför det är viktigt att bevara de medeltida kyrkornas takkonstruktioner, dess byggnadstekniker samt vilken betydelse de kulturhistoriska värdena har. / The work aims to increase knowledge of the medieval roof structures and how they are built. By making an inventory and building survey of two roof structures in medieval churches. The result of the study is intended to increase knowledge of this type of building, its cultural-historical values ​​and provide a basis for long-term and sustainable management. The two churches are Drevs gamla kyrka (The old church of Drev) and Hemmesjös gamla kyrka (The old church of Hemmesjö), both are in Småland Sweden. The churches are well-preserved and have a history to tell through themselves. The study was possible through onsite study, article study and two interviews with Samuel Palmblad, Kulturparken Småland and Mattias Hallgren, Traditionsbärarna. The results have shown that the churches are built in a Romanic style which is an architectural expression on a building technology used during the early medieval time (12th century), with one part of the old church of Hemmesjö being built by using a later found building technology also called gothic style which was more common during late medieval time. During the interviews it was mentioned that these churches are heritage to Sweden and therefore need to be treated accordingly. There is still knowledge to be found and understood which will help with the preservation of the churches and their historical value. If the knowledge does not exist, there can be faults that happen which means that the values can be lost or misused which will lead to the destruction of a part of history. With little to no documents from the time they were built, it will be difficult to maintain for the people who work with the preservation if responsibility is not taken to learn more about these churches.  This study will look at the importance of preserving these churches and their roof constructions with the help of explaining the building technology and the culture-historical values.

In February 2005, a collection predominantly containing medieval ballads was found in the library of Växjö. The collectors were mainly George Stephens, originally from Scotland, and Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius, both active in Småland in the nineteenth century. In connection with an intital inventory of the material, Magnus Gustafsson, ethnomusicologist at Smålands Musikarkiv, marked ballads of uncertain origin with a question mark. The purpose of this essay is to investigate 22 of these marked ballads. To be able to compare them with other material we have developed a method to identify differences. By means of the method both the text and the melody are compared and in addition the differences in terms of quality and quantity are assessed. We have compared the collection, named Växjö Stadsbiblioteks Stephenssamling (VSS), with the Swedish edition of medieval ballads, Sveriges Medeltida Ballader (SMB). In the comparison, a ballad forgotten since the mid nineteenth century was retrieved .

<p>In February 2005, a collection predominantly containing medieval ballads was found in the library of Växjö. The collectors were mainly George Stephens, originally from Scotland, and Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius, both active in Småland in the nineteenth century. In connection with an intital inventory of the material, Magnus Gustafsson, ethnomusicologist at Smålands Musikarkiv, marked ballads of uncertain origin with a question mark.</p><p>The purpose of this essay is to investigate 22 of these marked ballads. To be able to compare them with other material we have developed a method to identify differences. By means of the method both the text and the melody are compared and in addition the differences in terms of quality and quantity are assessed. We have compared the collection, named Växjö Stadsbiblioteks Stephenssamling (VSS), with the Swedish edition of medieval ballads, Sveriges Medeltida Ballader (SMB). In the comparison, a ballad forgotten since the mid nineteenth century was retrieved .</p>

During the years 2006-2010 Gotland University conducted seminars excavations in Västergarn parish on Gotland. Inside the wall a total of six house foundations have been found and a total of 127 combs have been registered. This thesis is based on a material study of the 127 registered medieval combs. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the combs and with their chronology illuminate in which period the society of Västergarn was active. And also to find out what the material remains can tell us about the place and its people. The questions concern the dating and chronology of the combs, and also how analyzing the combs can provide additional information to Västergarn. The method used is a comparative material - and literature study. The result of the analyze is that the combs are from the transitional period of the Viking - Medieval age, 900- 1100th century. A variety of nine different types could be distinguished. I believe that through an osteological –, and contextual spatial analysis and a comparative material study of the combs more information on the site can be presented.

När det gäller medeltida brev finns det många originalkällor bevarade i Svenskt diplomatariums huvudkartotek över medeltidsbreven. Den större delen av dessa är dock ännu ej utgivna, vilket innebär att de inte är lättillgängliga eller möjliga att söka i digitalt. I denna uppsats transkriberas, översätts och kommenteras två medeltida testamenten, och blir således utgivna och tillgängliga för en bredare publik. Därefter genomförs en undersökning av ordet testamente och användningen av dess latinska och svenska former i de medeltida diplomen under de första 100 åren efter att ordet först introducerades på svenska i våra landskapslagar.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur barn talar om sin egen och kamraters lek i förskolan med fokus på det som i litteraturen har kallats för karnevalisk lek. Vidare är syftet att med barns egna perspektiv på lek synliggöra lekens meningsaspekter så som barnen beskriver dem. Studien är kvalitativ och har inspirerats av en fenomenologisk ansats. Empirin har samlats in med hjälp av intervjuer och samtal med barnen. Denna har sedan analyserats med hjälp av teoretiska begrepp från Bachtin, Øksnes och Huizinga. Deras studier av den medeltida karnevalen, den karnevaliska leken, respektive lekens meningsaspekter har varit viktiga utgångspunkter för min analys. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att barn talar om aktiviteter som kan relateras till Bachtins idéer om den medeltida karnevalen. Analysen visar också att karnevaliska aktiviteter ibland marginaliseras och underordnas mer ordningsamma och rationella aktiviteter och lekar i förskolan. I likhet med Øksnes analys av den karnevaliska leken, beskriver barnen att de bryter mot rådande regler och förbud i förskolan och att de stör den ordning och de normer som existerar i förskolan. Flera av de meningsaspekter Huizinga tilldelar leken märks i barnens beskrivningar av de karnevaliska aktiviteterna.

This bachelor thesis deals with the correlation between social status and health at the medieval church ruin S:t Hans in Visby. Osteological analysis has been performed on nine adult individuals from the site of S:t Hans. The material was obtained at Gotlands Museum and has diary number 7498/89. The main question was if it is possible to indicate some kind of correlation between social status, in other words the placing of the graves, and the pathological differences in the material. Age, sex, stature and pathological differences has been documented during the osteological analysis to get an understanding of the individuals health status. To understand social status at the site spatial analysis was performed. A grave was explained as ”high status” or ”low status” depending on where at the grave site these were situated. Graves in the church is considered to be of high status while the ones at the older church yard is considered to be of lower status because of its distance from the church. A hypothesis was that individuals in the high status graves would show less pathological differences than the ones in the low status graves. The results obtained from the study tells two different, but interesting, stories. Yes, social status and health status does correlate in some cases, while in other cases they don’t. / Osteoporos och osteoarthritis, då och nu

Abstract This thesis examines and discusses a sample of the medieval hypocausts (stone-heating ovens) in the Baltic area. The medieval construction is thoroughly explained as well as the antique hypocaust in order to establish a base for the following discussion. The medieval hypocaust has been almost forgotten for a long period of time. The last time someone dealt with this category of finds were in the 1960’s by Swedish archaeologist Iwar Andersson and in the 1970’s by Danish archaeologist Johannes Hertz. Not one archaeologist, since the early 20th century, has tried to interpret these constructions in their social contexts. The focus has always been on the construction and the technique in itself, which doesn’t lead the research any further than to a functional interpretation.   The author applies a comparative method to the literary material that is used for the thesis and discusses the origins of the medieval technique, which types there are, what contexts they appear in, what buildings and activities they can be related to, if they represent status or necessity or both and who could afford to construct them in relation to the resources that was demanded and finally why the technique was abandoned.   Keywords: Medieval hypocaust, stone-heating oven, medieval, ancient technology, the Baltic area.

This essay is an analysis of the objects made of bronze found in an excavation Västergarn parish, Gotland, in 2010, conducted by the University of Gotland. The studied material presented in this essay comes from contexts inside, as well as nearby the foundation of a medieval building which purpose is still not certain. The first purpose of this study is to present the bronze-objects found inside and nearby the foundation of house 6, and to see if there are any datable objects. There is also a discussion whether there has been any bronze-crafting in the area. The second purpose is to make a contextual analysis to see if there are any differences between the material found outside and inside of the building, and what conclusions can be made regarding the function and use of the building. A spatial analysis has also been made to distinguish any patterns of the distribution of material inside and around the house.The result of this essay is partly a presentation of the material, but also that there has occurred some bronze-crafting in the form of cutting metal sheets inside or near the foundation treated in this essay. There is no evidence for casting bronze near the house foundation.The frequency of finds from outside the foundation compared to the frequency of finds within the foundation is nearly quadruple, which is to be expected since there probably has been a wooden floor inside the house to prevent all but the tiniest objects from falling through. Objects that landed on the floor were cleaned out, just to land near the entrance of the building. The finds from within the building much resembles the finds from outside the building, and the distribution-patterns of the trench indicates that the entrance to the building probably was located near the north-west corner or near the south-east corner.Hopefully, this study contributes another piece to the great puzzle that is Västergarn.