Bakgrund: Sveriges vård och omsorg har sviktat de senaste åren vilket har gjort att frågan om vilken vårdleverantör en kund ska välja uppmärksammats. Det finns olika faktorer som har en inverkan på kundens val, bland annat förtroende och kvaliteten för tjänsten. Där kommer valet mellan offentlig och privat vård in. Därigenom har frågan om vinst i välfärden lyfts, och vad som egentligen är skillnaden mellan privat och offentlig vård och omsorg. Kvalitetsarbetet blir således det som ger förtroendet för vården. För att kunna utveckla den kvaliteten som kunden efterfrågar behöver ett lärande finnas i verksamheten. Utan lärande kan inte kvalitetsarbetet utvecklas och det sviktande förtroendet för vården återstår. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen ämnar undersöka begreppet kvalitetsarbete och hur privata samt offentliga aktörer inom vård och omsorg arbetar med fenomenet. Studien vill uppnå en ökad förståelse för hur kvalitetsutveckling bedrivs inom olika verksamheter. Studien har för avsikt att jämföra den privata vård- och omsorgssektorn med den offentliga för att få en så stor överblick och insikt i ämnet som möjligt. Teoretisk referensram: Föreliggande studie använder teorier och begrepp som exempelvis new public management, kaizen och lärande organisationer. Kärnbegreppen som studien bygger på är ständiga förbättringar, vilket kommer från kaizen, och organisatorisk lärande. Dessa utgör kvalitetsarbetet i en verksamhet och är därav sammankopplade. Dessa teorier kommer att stöjda studiens undersökning av skillnaderna mellan privat och offentlig verksamhet. Metod: Studien använde en kvalitativ forskningsansats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer utgjorde den huvudsakliga datainsamlingen och kompletterades med en dokumentanalys. Studien undersökte två fallstudieorganisationer, vilket gjorde att en triangulering utfördes. Slutsats: Det studien indikerade var att privata verksamheter känner en stark press för att både leverera till sina aktieägare och till sina kunder, vilket blir en paradox där vinstmaximering och god service möts. Offentliga verksamheter har en automatisk tillgång till brukare vilket gör att de inte känner samma påtryckningar. Generellt indikerade studien att kvalitetsarbetet inom organisationerna var liknande, det som skiljde sig kom framförallt ifrån skillnader inom arbetssätten. Privata verksamheter arbetar mer med att skapa konkurrenskraftiga tjänster, där lärande och konkurrenskraft kan kopplas samman. Det kan i sin tur härledas till att offentliga verksamheter inte känner samma press att arbeta konkurrenskraftigt.

In this licentiate thesis studies how a systematic work of implementing a supported housing develops from idea to practice with the purpose to analyze collaboration and its impact on the development of the implementation. The study followed how the four organizations created a collaboration to implement a supported housing.; the social services in Kalmar municipality, the Swedish Prison and Probation Service in the form of the local probation service in Kalmar, the association KRIS (Kriminellas Revansch I Samhället, [Criminals' Revenge In Society]) in Kalmar and Kalmarhem AB a housing company,  The starting point for the study consists of a process evaluation of an implementation process, how collaboration established between the organizations, how collaboration as a way of working affects the process and finally the split-up of the project. The study conducted in two parts: partly during the years 2006-2008 when implementation studied, partly during the years 2014-2015 when the split-up of the project studied. The methods used was interviews, participatory observations and document studies. The empirical evidence collected during the two periods forms the basis for the analysis. The results indicate that collaboration created between the actors of the implementation is of crucial importance. That is, how the actors confronted and solved the problems that arose during the implementation and that both time and various forms of resources are required to create a comprehensive collaboration.  The concluding part of the study describes how a split-up of collaboration takes place. The change can attributed to a new arrangement with clear operational management in accordance with the impact of New Public Management [NPM]. A consequence for the supported housing, in line with this logic, was a separation and division of clients and contractors and division between businesses in accordance with a competitive mindset. At the time of writing, the supported housing remains, albeit in a different form. One explanation is that during the implementation, a close and sustainable collaboration was developed that could withstand some of the threats created through changed forms of governance. This indicates that the collaboration that developed between the four organizations can still provide some space if it is able to find forms that can fit into new control logics.

Sammanfattning Syftet med studien, som grundar sig i en kvalitativ ansats, är att genom semistrukturerade intervjuer få uppfattning om vilka positiva och negativa aspekter det finns med privatisering av barn- och ungdomsvård. Dessutom grundar sig studien på att upptäcka socialarbetare upplevda skillnader i uppföljningsarbetet hos kommunalt utredda familjehem respektive konsulentstödda familjehem. Utifrån tidigare forskning framgår det att barn och vuxna är väldigt beroende av kontinuitet gällande att träffa samma socialarbetare för att uppleva situationen på ett bra sätt. Stor omsättning av socialarbetare leder till att upplevelsen med dessa inte blir lika bra och att förtroendet för socialarbetaren sjunker.   Genom tematisk analys framkom det att uppföljningen av placerade barn skiljer sig beroende på om barnet är placerat i kommunal eller privat verksamhet. I studien framkommer det att socialtjänsten besitter det yttersta ansvaret för det placerade barnet men saknar insyn i de privata aktörernas arbete. Det finns inte heller någon granskning från IVO gällande de privata verksamheterna. Detta skapar en osäkerhet om barnets behov tillgodoses på rätt sätt. / Abstract The purpose of this study is to get an idea through a qualitative method based in semi-structured interviews of which positive and negative aspects exist with the privatization of child and youth care. In addition, the study is based on discovering social workers perceived differences in the follow-up work of municipally investigated family homes and consultant-supported family homes. Previous research conclude that children and adults are very dependent on continuity in meeting the same social worker to experience the situation in a good way. A high turnover of social workers generates a bad experience and a lack of trust between the social worker and client.  Through thematic analysis, it emerged that the follow-up of placed children differs depending on whether the child is placed in a municipal or private operation. In the study it appears that the social service has the ultimate responsibility for the placed child but lacks insight into the work of the private operations. This creates uncertainty as to whether the child’s needs are being met in the right way.

While New Public Management practices (NPM) have been adopted in academia and higher education over the past two decades, this paper is investigating their role in a specifically socio-philosophical way: The preeminent question is what organization of science is likely to make science and research work well in the context of a complex society. The starting point is an obvious intuition: that academia would be “economized” by NPM (basically, that something is coming from the outside and is disturbing the inside). Habermas provides a sophisticated theorization for this intuition. In contrast, the thesis advanced here is that we should consider NPM potentially problematic—but not for descending from economics or administration outside academia. It is because NPM often cannot help research and science to function well. In this (rather “essayistic” than strictly deductive) consideration, I will therefore tentatively discuss an alternative approach that takes up critical intuitions while transposing them into a different setting. If we understand science and research as a form of life, a different picture emerges that can still bring immanent standards to bear, but at the same time compose them more broadly. This outlines a socio-philosophical critique of NPM. Accordingly, the decisive factor is not NPM's provenance. What is decisive is that it addresses some organizational problems while at the same time creating new ones. At the end, an outlook is sketched on how the specific situation of NPM allows some hypotheses on academy's [by “academy”, I am referring to the whole research community (like “academia”)] future organization. Ex negativo, it seems likely that qualitative evaluation criteria and creative freedom will have to play a greater role.

The strategic alignment and reengineering of business processes is critical for institutions across sectors worldwide to achieve performance improvement and subsequently, competitive advantage. Competition within higher education forces higher education institutions, such as TUT, towards management approaches such as business process reengineering to improve effectiveness and efficiency. This research was triggered by an observation of a lack of a framework, within TUT, to guide the manner in which business processes could be strategically reengineered in a uniform, coordinated, and focused fashion. The main focus of the research was to identify core elements which could be included in a comprehensive framework to assist higher education institutions, specifically TUT, to strategically align and reengineer their core business processes in order to achieve performance improvement, which is a prerequisite for higher education institutions across sectors to achieve competitive advantage. The findings of the research were based on the triangulation of data from a robust literature survey to uncover the theoretical underpinnings and to pinpoint core elements of business process reengineering and strategic planning, prescripts from legislation and the regulatory framework governing higher education in South Africa, an analysis of relevant strategic documents within TUT, and opinions and perceptions of sampled respondents within TUT to compare and contrast the data gathered. The findings of the empirical exploration confirmed the problem that triggered the research, namely, that TUT lacks a framework to guide the manner in which it could strategically align and reengineer business processes. An analysis of documents within TUT and consistent with the results of the empirical exploration revealed that although various strategic documents allude to the strategic alignment and reengineering of business processes, lack of a standardised methodology hampers the uniform, coordinated, and focused operationalisation of this noble intent which is critical for the enhancement of strategic planning across sectors worldwide. Consequently, the main contribution of the research was to develop a comprehensive framework to guide the manner in which TUT and other similar higher education institutions could strategically reengineer business processes. The proposed framework advocates an incremental approach to business process reengineering to allow for the continuous improvement of reengineered business processes. At the core of the proposed business process reengineering framework is strategy alignment and stakeholder focus. The framework suggests that when higher education institutions, such as TUT, embark on business process reengineering, they should realise that they are engaging in a strategic endeavour and that business processes targeted for reengineering should be of critical importance to the enhancement of a strategic orientation. It is imperative that higher education institutions, such as TUT, should prioritise the strategic alignment and reengineering of business processes that provide stakeholder satisfaction to create competitive advantage and survival. Considering that TUT and other similar higher education institutions operate as an open system, the proposed framework is based on the systems approach to management. Given the dynamic nature of the South African higher education sector, the proposed framework promotes a business process reengineering methodology which, amongst others, involves the reengineering of business processes with due consideration of the national higher education imperatives and legislative requirements. Consideration of the external environment should cover an analysis of critical developments within higher education, including changes to national legislation and other national strategic imperatives. TUT and other similar higher education institutions should continuously monitor changes that might have an impact on their business processes to ensure timeous and strategic alignment and reengineering of core business processes in accordance with the changing environment. Due cognisance of the internal factors and acknowledgement of a need for internal interaction of various departments and operational units within higher education institutions, such as TUT, should also form the basis of all business process reengineering efforts. Given the theoretical underpinning that business process reengineering is a strategic endeavour and that the strategic alignment of business processes is critical for institutions across sectors to improve institutional performance so as to achieve competitive advantage and survival, proposing a comprehensive business process reengineering framework and advocating the strategic reengineering of business processes within a South African public higher education institution constitute an advancement of knowledge within the Public Administration field of study. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The strategic alignment and reengineering of business processes is critical for institutions across sectors worldwide to achieve performance improvement and subsequently, competitive advantage. Competition within higher education forces higher education institutions, such as TUT, towards management approaches such as business process reengineering to improve effectiveness and efficiency. This research was triggered by an observation of a lack of a framework, within TUT, to guide the manner in which business processes could be strategically reengineered in a uniform, coordinated, and focused fashion. The main focus of the research was to identify core elements which could be included in a comprehensive framework to assist higher education institutions, specifically TUT, to strategically align and reengineer their core business processes in order to achieve performance improvement, which is a prerequisite for higher education institutions across sectors to achieve competitive advantage. The findings of the research were based on the triangulation of data from a robust literature survey to uncover the theoretical underpinnings and to pinpoint core elements of business process reengineering and strategic planning, prescripts from legislation and the regulatory framework governing higher education in South Africa, an analysis of relevant strategic documents within TUT, and opinions and perceptions of sampled respondents within TUT to compare and contrast the data gathered. The findings of the empirical exploration confirmed the problem that triggered the research, namely, that TUT lacks a framework to guide the manner in which it could strategically align and reengineer business processes. An analysis of documents within TUT and consistent with the results of the empirical exploration revealed that although various strategic documents allude to the strategic alignment and reengineering of business processes, lack of a standardised methodology hampers the uniform, coordinated, and focused operationalisation of this noble intent which is critical for the enhancement of strategic planning across sectors worldwide. Consequently, the main contribution of the research was to develop a comprehensive framework to guide the manner in which TUT and other similar higher education institutions could strategically reengineer business processes. The proposed framework advocates an incremental approach to business process reengineering to allow for the continuous improvement of reengineered business processes. At the core of the proposed business process reengineering framework is strategy alignment and stakeholder focus. The framework suggests that when higher education institutions, such as TUT, embark on business process reengineering, they should realise that they are engaging in a strategic endeavour and that business processes targeted for reengineering should be of critical importance to the enhancement of a strategic orientation. It is imperative that higher education institutions, such as TUT, should prioritise the strategic alignment and reengineering of business processes that provide stakeholder satisfaction to create competitive advantage and survival. Considering that TUT and other similar higher education institutions operate as an open system, the proposed framework is based on the systems approach to management. Given the dynamic nature of the South African higher education sector, the proposed framework promotes a business process reengineering methodology which, amongst others, involves the reengineering of business processes with due consideration of the national higher education imperatives and legislative requirements. Consideration of the external environment should cover an analysis of critical developments within higher education, including changes to national legislation and other national strategic imperatives. TUT and other similar higher education institutions should continuously monitor changes that might have an impact on their business processes to ensure timeous and strategic alignment and reengineering of core business processes in accordance with the changing environment. Due cognisance of the internal factors and acknowledgement of a need for internal interaction of various departments and operational units within higher education institutions, such as TUT, should also form the basis of all business process reengineering efforts. Given the theoretical underpinning that business process reengineering is a strategic endeavour and that the strategic alignment of business processes is critical for institutions across sectors to improve institutional performance so as to achieve competitive advantage and survival, proposing a comprehensive business process reengineering framework and advocating the strategic reengineering of business processes within a South African public higher education institution constitute an advancement of knowledge within the Public Administration field of study. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Since the millennium shift the Swedish public administration has, in a successive and significant way, been moving towards an electronic government. By analyzing policy goals formulated by the Swedish government, this essay aims to describe e-government as an administration model and subsequently answer the question if e-government challenges the traditional Swedish public administration. Based on three different ideal types; The bureaucratic model, The user-oriented model and New Public Management, this essay also aims to relate the policy goals of e-government to the ideal types. The analysis shows that the Swedish e-government is based on ideas which can be related to all three ideal types. While the analysis is not able to unequivocally answer the question if e-government challenges the traditional Swedish public administration, it yet indicates that, reversibly, the traditional Swedish public administration challenges e-government.

<p>The values politicians relate with public administration are likely to affect the way that they want the public administration to be organised. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine which values Swedish parliamentary parties relate with public administration and more particularly how they emphasise these values.</p><p>The study is conducted as an analysis of theoretically relevant bills that the government party and the parliamentary parties have introduced to the Riksdag, and reports and statements of opinion from the parliamentary committees. The documents are from the Riksdag´s sessions from 2000/01 to 2005/06. After examining the documents the conclusion can be drawn that the value that is most emphasised during the period is legal security. This might mean that legal security will have more influence on the decisions taken about the organisation of Swedish public administration.</p>

Magistriniame darbe, naudojant teisės aktų, dokumentų, parengtų programų ir priemonių, statistinių duomenų bei mokslinės literatūros analizės metodą, analizuojamas Lietuvos Respublikos grįžtamosios migracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas. Naudojant pusiau struktūruotą interviu, pristatomas valstybės institucijų darbuotojų (interviu atliktas su 8 specialistais) požiūris į teikiamų paslaugų administravimą ir įgyvendinimą. Darbo tikslas yra ištirti grįžtantiems migrantas teikiamų paslaugų ir programų administravimo sistemos ypatumus Lietuvos Respublikoje. Darbe tiriama 2010 – 2014 m. laikotarpio Lietuvos Respublikos grįžtamosios migracijos politika bei ją administruojančių Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės, tiesiogiai vyriausybei pavaldžių institucijų veikla bei darbuotojų požiūris į vykdomas programas. Darbe iškelti tokie uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti Lietuvoje esamą grįžtamosios migracijos situaciją. 2. Atsižvelgiant į Naujosios viešosios vadybos elementus decentralizavimą ir dalyvavimą, aptarti visuomenės įsitraukimo lygį į grįžtamosios migracijos politikos formavimą. 3. Išanalizuoti pagrindines valstybės valdymo institucijas, administruojančias Lietuvos Respublikos grįžtamosios migracijos politiką. 4. Išanalizuoti Lietuvos institucijų parengtas programas, skirtas grįžtamajai migracijai skatinti. 5. Ištirti, kaip vertina Lietuvos Respublikos valstybinių institucijų darbuotojai grįžtamosios migracijos vykdomas programas. Pirmajame skyriuje pristatoma darbe naudojama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this paper is to explore the administration system of returning migrant’s services and programs in the Republic of Lithuania. The examination of the law, documents, prepared programs and strategies, statistics and scholar literature was used as a method for further analysis. The presentation provides a broad overview of return migration policy in Lithuania of 2010 – 2014 period, priorities of government and the attitude of government institutions staff towards return migration programs. In order to present the aims and opinions of the particular officers about the relevant problems, related to the formation and the implementation of the return migration policy, half-structured interviews were used (8 interview were taken). The paper has these following tasks: 1. Analyze current situation of return migration in Lithuania. 2. In view of the New Public Management elements of decentralization and participation, to discuss public involvement into return migration policy. 3. To analyze the main public government institutions working with return migrants in Lithuania. 4. To analyze the main Lithuanian programs that encourage return migration. 5. To investigate government institution attitude to the return migrations programs. The work consists of three main sectors. The first section presents the work using the New Public Management paradigm and its assumptions of return migration policy. The second section describes the concept of return migration, motives and types... [to full text]

Performance management, which is a core element of the New Public Management (NPM), has maintained its significance both in academic and practical perspectives for many scholars and governments, although enthusiasm for the NPM has waned since the late 1990s. There have been debates on the universality of the NPM, and the divergence argument regards the practices and trajectories of specific reforms as being shaped by the different characteristics of politico-administrative and cultural systems. Through the comparative study of performance management based on the case studies in the UK and South Korea, this thesis demonstrates that the processes of a NPM-type reform can be similar in spite of differences of politico-administrative and cultural characteristics. It examines performance management systems in the two countries in terms of the speed and nature of reform, resistance to reform, use of performance information and importance as a control mechanism. The comparison is also useful for lesson-drawing for the improvement of current systems. This research has been conducted by undertaking a wide literature review, including journal articles and government papers, and by conducting semi-structured interviews. To undertake analysis and comparison of performance management systems, the thesis looks at the Public Service Agreements (PSAs) in the UK and the Government Performance Evaluation (GPE), Financial Performance Management System (FPMS) and Performance Agreements in Korea. Case studies have been carried out with the Department of Health in the UK and the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs in Korea. The PSA system has problems generated by excessive central control and lack of participation of professionals and front-line staff. In Korea all three performance management systems are based on evaluation. Departments used evaluation as a tool of exercising control, which resulted in duplication of evaluation and excessive bureaucracy. Focus on the process-oriented evaluation has undermined the value of the systems for improving public services. Whilst the two countries display differences in the fundamental approach to performance management, there are similarities in the detailed practices and trajectories in the operation of the systems. The reason for these similarities may be attributed to the strong leadership of top politicians in both countries.