Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo para ambientes inteligentes baseado em organizações de agentes, onde interações entre entidades são associadas a espaços físicos, pessoas carregam dispositivos e se movimentam entre diferentes espaços físicos e cada espaço físico contém definições de interações (comportamentos definidos por normas) próprias do seu contexto. São definidos três componentes deste modelo: (1) modelo conceitual, (2) linguagem de especificação e (3) ambiente de execução. A separação do modelo nestes três componentes traz como principais conseqüências: (1) a ativação de um ambiente inteligente é feita através de um mecanismo de alto nível, (2) a especificação de um ambiente inteligente é independente do domínio de aplicação e (3) as especificações podem ser executadas em mecanismos diferentes de execução. / We introduce a conceptual model for smart environments based on agent organizations where interactions between entities are associated with physical spaces, people (carrying mobile devices) move between different physical spaces and these physical spaces contain definitions of interactions (behaviors defined by norms) related to each context. This model defines three components: (1) conceptual model, (2) language specification, and (3) execution environment. The separation in these three components brings as main consequences: (1) activation of a smart environment is performed through a high-level mechanism, (2) specification of a smart environment is independent of the application domain, and (3) specifications can be performed on different mechanisms of execution.

Studien avser att förklara riksdagspartiernas inställning mot Natomedlemskap över tid. Därför utförs en policyanalys inom ramen för ''The Advocacy Coalition Framework'’. Detta genomförs genom att kategorisera riksdagspartierna till relevanta advocacy coalitions utifrån deras beliefs. Studien använder sig av utrikespolitiska debatter för att avgöra respektive riksdagspartis beliefs. Genom att undersöka riksdagspartiernas normative och empirical policy core beliefs över tid kan studien finna likheter och skillnader mellan advocacy coalitions. Vad studien kommer fram till är hur riksdagspartierna tar en annan ställning inom säkerhetspolitiken och hur gemensamma beliefs kan förekomma mellan advocacy coalitions. Med åren går det även att se hur riksdagspartier börjar värna mer om militära medel för svensk säkerhet. Studien erbjuder också ett teoretiskt intressant inlägg genom att lyfta upp hur empirical policy core beliefs binder också advocacy coalitions varifrån tidigare forskning visar hur oftast normative policy core beliefs avgör strukturen i advocacy coalitions. Riksdagspartiers ställningstagande antingen för Natomedlemskap eller mot Natomedlemskap blev relevant för vilken advocacy coalition riksdagspartierna blev kategoriserade inom.

O presente trabalho analisa as hipóteses em que cabe às agências reguladoras exercer função normativa (compreendida como a edição de textos normativos gerais e abstratos), examinando a natureza dessa função, suas relações com as outras competências e instrumentos normativos do Poder Executivo e do Poder Legislativo e o controle jurisdicional que se realiza sobre essa atividade das agências reguladoras. Nessa tarefa, é examinada a evolução doutrinária e jurisprudencial, no sistema brasileiro e nos ordenamentos jurídicos que mais nos influenciaram nessa matéria, sobre a compreensão a respeito dos princípios da separação dos Poderes e da legalidade. As principais questões enfrentadas referem-se à identificação dos limites da válida edição de atos normativos pelas agências reguladoras, ao regime jurídico aplicável a essa figura normativa e às possíveis soluções para eventuais conflitos de normas envolvendo atos normativos editados pelas agências reguladoras. / This paper examines the assumptions according to which it is possible for the regulatory agencies exert regulatory function (understood as the enactment of general and abstract normative texts), examining the nature of such function, its relations with other powers and legislative instruments used by the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch and the judicial review over the activities performed by the regulatory agencies. In this task, it\'s analysed the doctrinal and jurisprudential developments, in the Brazilian system and the legal systems that most influenced Brazil in this area, on the understanding about the principles of separation of powers and legality. The main issues addressed relate to identifying the limits of valid normative acts enacted by regulatory agencies, the legal regime applicable to such normative figure and possible solutions for conflicts of rules involving normative acts issued by regulatory agencies.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-10T14:32:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maurício Pedroso Flores_.pdf: 1452373 bytes, checksum: b3eefd002f5203610f3f86784a7b5ce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T14:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maurício Pedroso Flores_.pdf: 1452373 bytes, checksum: b3eefd002f5203610f3f86784a7b5ce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Nenhuma / O jurista norte-americano Robert Cover desenvolveu importante reflexões sobre aspectos fundamentais para a teoria do direito, como a genêse da normatividade social e a legitimidade dos tribunais. Uma vez que não conseguiu sistematizar seus escritos de uma forma relativamente coerente, o autor deixou a comentadores e críticos muitas reflexões, mas também muitos questionamentos sobre a sua obra. As diferentes interpretações e apropriações de seu pensamento demonstram que seu pensamento ainda é, em grande parte, um livro aberto. O objetivo do presente trabalho é, apresentando as principais concepções do autor, demonstrar que seu pensamento permanece atual e relevante como fonte de insights sobre o direito contemporêneo. Para tanto, nossa exposição se baseia em dois movimentos. Primeiro, procura reconstituir o pensamento de Cover a partir de seus principais textos e ideias. Em um segundo momento, propõe uma especulação sobre possíveis caminhos teóricos apontados por sua obra. A reconstrução de suas principais ideias é centrada em dois grandes marcos de sua obra: os ensaios Nomos e Narrativa (1983) – onde Cover elabora seus conceitos mais influentes, como nomos e jurisgenesis – e Violência e a Palavra (1986) – em que Cover sugere que a interpretação jurídica se estabelece em um “campo de dor e morte” e é indissociável da violência. As mensagens centrais desses dois ensaios têm sido interpretadas por comentadores e críticos como parcial ou totalmente contrárias. Considerando-os como igualmente fundamentais para compreender o pensamento de Cover, o trabalho recorre a alguns desses debates à procura de uma interpretação que possa conciliar as duas abordagens. Por fim, com base nessa interpretação, sugere que a obra de Cover pode ser lida a partir da ideia de um pluralismo normativo, acepção que compreende aqui dois significados: tanto a adoção de uma pluralidade de fontes normativas como a presença de critérios normativos para avaliar criticamente o direito. / The American jurist Robert Cover developed important reflections on fundamental aspects of the theory of law, such as the genesis of social normativity and the legitimacy of the courts. Since he could not systematize his writings in a relatively coherent way, Cover’s work stood as a source of many reflections, but also many questions, for his commentators and critics. The different interpretations and appropriations of his thought show that his thinking is still largely an open book. The aim of this thesis is to present Cover’s main ideas and to demonstrate that his thinking remains current and relevant as a source of insights into contemporary law. To do so, our exposition takes up two tasks. First, it seeks to reconstruct Cover's thinking from his main texts and ideas. In a second moment, it proposes a speculation on possible theoretical paths pointed by his work. Our reconstruction of is centered on two major milestones of his work: the essays Nomos and Narrative (1983) – where Cover elaborates his most influential concepts, like nomos and jurisgenesis – and Violence and the Word (1986) – in which Cover suggests that legal interpretation is established in a "field of pain and death" and is inseparable from violence. The central messages of these two essays have been interpreted by commentators and critics as partially or totally contrary. Considering them as equally fundamental to understanding Cover's thinking, the paper resorts to some of these debates in search of an interpretation that can reconcile the two approaches. Finally, based on this interpretation, it suggests that Cover's work could be read as containing the idea of a normative pluralism, an expression that has two meanings here: it connotates not only the adoption of a plurality of normative sources but also the presence of normative criteria to evaluate law critically.

L'époque contemporaine est marquée par le caractère apparemment inexorable de la progression de la dette publique. Sous l'effet de l'accumulation des déficits, cette dernière a augmenté quasiment sans discontinuer depuis la fin des années 1970. Au niveau international, l'encadrement normatif des politiques budgétaires n'a eu de cesse de s'accroître et la France n'est pas restée étrangère à cette tendance. Désireuse de maîtriser ses finances publiques sur le long terme et de ne plus prendre des mesures discrétionnaires conjoncturelles, la France a mis en place un certain nombre de règles budgétaires sous la Vème République. En effet, depuis la loi organique relative aux lois de finances (LOLF) du 1er août 2001, on constate une multiplication des « règles de gouvernance » des finances publiques avec une accélération depuis l'apparition de la crise économique et financière de 2008. Alors que certaines règles résultent de simples circulaires ou tout simplement de la pratique politique comme la règle de non remplacement d'un fonctionnaire sur deux partant en retraite issue de la révision générale des politiques publiques, d'autres proviennent d'engagements européens comme le pacte de stabilité et de croissance voire même de la Constitution elle même. Ainsi, l'objectif de la présente recherche est l’encadrement normatif des politiques budgétaires. Il s'agit de se demander si l'encadrement normatif des politiques budgétaires françaises participe efficacement à l'assainissement des finances publiques. / The contemporary time is marked by the apparently inexorable character of the progress of the national debt. Under the influence of the accumulation of the deficits, the latter increased almost ceaselessly since the end of 1970s. At the international level, the normative frame of the budgetary policies never stopped increasing and France did not remain foreign to this tendency. Avid to master its public finances on the long term and not to take any more cyclical discretionary measures, France set up a number of legal rules under Fifth Republic. Indeed, since the organic law relative to the finance laws (LOLF) of August 1st, 2001, we notice a multiplication (increase) of the "rules of governance" public finances with an acceleration since the appearance of the economic and financial crisis of 2008. While certain rules result from simple circulars or simply from the practice political as the rule of not replacement of a state employee on two retiring stemming from the general revision of the public policies, others result from European commitments as the pact of stability and from growth even of the Constitution she(it) even. So, the objective of the present search is the normative framework for fiscal policy. It is a question of wondering if the normative frame of the French budgetary policies participates effectively in the purification of the public finances.

L'action de l'Union européenne dans le cadre de l'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice témoigne depuis le début des années 2000, d'une attention croissante pour le mineur. C'est une évolution justifiée sans doute par des changements, en Europe, quant à la place du mineur dans la société et dans les migrations internationales. Ces changements affectent l'ensemble des matières abordées (asile, immigration, franchissement des frontières, matière civile et matière pénale). On assiste, par exemple, à la présence importante de mineurs non accompagnés dans les flux migratoires ou bien à la revendication d'une hausse de la délinquance juvénile. Or, si le mineur doit jouir des mêmes droits que tout individu, il doit également bénéficier d'un traitement particulier pour respecter à la fois son autonomie et sa vulnérabilité. L'étude s'interroge donc sur l'aptitude du droit de l'espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice à accorder une singularisation et une protection suffisantes au mineur. Pour cela, l'analyse s'intéresse aux interactions normatives au sein de cet espace (normes nationales, internationales et européennes) qui permettront de souligner les améliorations et les défaillances du droit de l'Union. / The action of the European Union in the area of freedom, security and justice, testifies, since the beginning of 2000s, of an increasing interest for the minor. This is an evolution justified doubtless by changes, in Europe, about the position of the minor in society and in international migrations. These changes affect all the addressed matters (asylum, immigration, crossing of borders, civil law and penal law). We see, for example, a lot of unaccompanied minors in the migrations or the claiming of an increase of juvenile delinquency. Yet, if the minor must enjoy the same rights as every person, he must also benefit from a specific treatment to respect his autonomy and his vulnerability. This study wonders about the ability of the law of the area of freedom, security and justice, to grant to the minor a sufficient singularization and protection. For that, the analysis is interested in the normative interactions in this area (national, international and european norms) which will allow to underline improvements and faults of the EU law.

Ces travaux de recherche s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la théorie des représentations sociales. Il s’agit de mettre à jour la représentation du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents, ainsi que les modèles normatifs de références qui l’influencent, afin de mieux comprendre ce qui sous-tend les pratiques des jeunes usagers. En nous inspirant des travaux considérant la représentation sociale comme un système normatif, nous avons testé auprès d’un groupe d’adolescents conducteurs de scooter, l’influence de deux modèles normatifs; celui des parents et celui des pairs. Dans cette optique nous avons utilisé un questionnaire des choix alternatifs avec lequel nous avons testé plusieurs types de consignes de substitution. Il apparaît au fil de nos travaux que la représentation du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents est organisée autour de valeurs de groupe, et de transgressions valorisées par les pairs. Le cyclomoteur est perçu comme un outil d’émancipation vis à vis des parents et d’intégration au groupe à travers des usages ludiques plutôt que comme un moyen de transport au premier degré. Nous avons adapté des outils qui nous ont permis de montrer que les pairs constituaient le groupe d’ancrage normatif des jeunes mais que les parents impactaient la représentation sur des points précis et jugés comme non conditionnels. Les deux pôles normatifs apparaissent indissociables incitant les jeunes à sans cesse trouver des compromis entre eux au moyen d’une « négociation normative » (Gaymard 2003). La difficulté pour les jeunes réside dans l’équilibre à trouver au cours de cette négociation normative, certains principes non-négociables pour les parents allant à l’encontre d’éléments importants pour les pairs. Si la transgression, valorisée par les jeunes, apparaît comme le « billet d’entrée » dans le groupe, elle fait néanmoins l’objet d’une modulation selon ses formes et thématiques. / This research fits into the framework of the theory of social representations. The aim is to seek adolescents’ representation of the moped, as well as the normative models that influence it, in order to better understand what underlies young users’ practices. Drawing inspiration from works on social representation as a normative system we tested the influence of two normative models with a group of young moped riders, the models of parents and peers. To do so, we used an alternative choice questionnaire with which we tested several types of substitution instructions. It appears from our work that the representation of the moped among adolescents is organized around group values and transgression valued by peers. The moped is perceived as a tool of emancipation from parents and of group integration through fun practices rather than a basic means of transportation. We adapted a tool that allowed us to show that peers are the normative anchoring group of young people but that parents influence the representation on specific and unconditional points. Both normative poles appear inseparable leading teenagers to reach compromises between them thanks to “normative negotiation” (Gaymard, 2003). The difficulty for young people lies in finding a balance during this “normative negotiation” because some of the non-negotiable principles for parents remain important elements for peers. If the transgression valued by the adolescents appears as the “entry ticket” into the group, it is nevertheless subject to modulation according to its shapes and themes.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-29T17:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosNunesPereira.pdf: 1315009 bytes, checksum: 295c7ee0c6c18e8813cce8de3a17f2a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T17:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosNunesPereira.pdf: 1315009 bytes, checksum: 295c7ee0c6c18e8813cce8de3a17f2a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-12 / Limitations of the democratization of modern law. Analysis of the limits of the normative paradigm, tributary of modernity, based on the centrality of the rule, individualism according to the logic of capitalist accumulation and legal elitism to build democratic solutions to structural conflicts in Brazil, as the conflict over land. Overcoming normativism of need for cognitive acquisition of entitlement to socialhistorical complexity of the conflict under its consideration; overcoming individualism according to the logic of capitalist accumulation by recognizing the public nature of the conflict, the subjective relevance of the State and the centrality of ownershiplabor as a form of human relationship with the earth after property perspective as a social function; overcoming the legal elitism with a new dimension of the process to overcome the procedural truth and the centrality of knowledge regulation as a means of knowledge of the conflict. Application of the resulting theoretical critique of the literature qualitative research to the solution of the collective land conflict by the Maranhão Court of Justice, between the years 2012-2013. / Limites da democratização do direito moderno. Análise dos limites do paradigma normativista, tributário da modernidade, pautado na centralidade da norma, no individualismo segundo a lógica de acumulação capitalista e no elitismo jurídico, para construir soluções democráticas para conflitos estruturais no Brasil, como o conflito pela terra. Necessidade de superação do normativismo pela abertura cognitiva do direito à complexidade histórico-social do conflito sob sua apreciação; superação do individualismo segundo a lógica de acumulação capitalista pelo reconhecimento da natureza pública do conflito, pela pertinência subjetiva do Estado e pela centralidade da apropriação-trabalho como forma de relação humana com a terra, tendo em vista a perspectiva de propriedade enquanto função social; superação do elitismo jurídico por uma nova dimensão do processo para além da verdade processual e a centralidade do conhecimento regulação como forma de conhecimento dos conflitos. Aplicação da crítica teórica resultante da pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica à solução do conflito fundiário coletivo pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão, entre os anos de 2012-2013.

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