Syfte och frågeställning Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur bilden och aktiveringen av friluftsliv ser ut hos dagens förstaårsstudenter vid idrottslärarprogrammen i Sverige och hur de upplevt sin egen friluftsundervisning under åren i skolan. Frågeställningarna som undersöks i studien är: Hur ser förstaårsstudenter på sitt eget friluftsliv? Vilka minnen har förstaårets idrottslärarstudenter av friluftsundervisningen från ungdomsskolan? Vilka drivkrafter påverkar lärande och utövande av friluftsliv för idrottlärarstudenter? Metod Studien har genomförts på förstaårsstudenter vid de nationella utbildningarna till idrottslärare. Där 90 studenter deltog i en kvantitativ enkätstudie för att ge en större bild över hur aktiveringen och den upplevda friluftsundervisningen var under skolåren. Vilket kompletterades med 6 stycken intervjuer, där en närmare bild kring motivet till friluftsliv undersöktes i form av upplevelser och känslor från både fritid och skolår. Resultat Resultatet från datainsamlingen visar att två tredjedelar introducerats till friluftsliv genom familj och det näst intill alla upplevde någon form av friluftsundervisning under sina skolår. Skogen är den dominerande platsen för skolans undervisning och aktiviteterna orientering, skridskor och skogsvandringar sker. Sett till eget friluftsutövande är det i skogen aktivering för friluftsutövande sker i form av vandringar och motion i elljusspår. Känslor kopplade till utövandet är lugn och harmoni tillsammans med drivkrafterna att få uppleva och tillhöra en gemenskap. Slutsats Resultatet tyder på att fortsatt utövande går i linje med positiva upplevelser, vilket återspeglas i formerna av naturmöten från skolan efterliknas i det egna utövandet. Studien pekar på att den främsta anknytningen till friluftsliv är skogen vilket även är den grad (till störst del) elever möter genom friluftsundervisningen i skolan. Motivet till utövandet är upplevelse genom positiva minnena och den harmoni, lugn och stresslindrande effekt naturen för fram. / Aim The purpose of this study is to investigate the depiction and activation of outdoor life looks like in today's first-year students at the sports teacher programs in Sweden and how they experienced their own outdoor education during their schoolyears. The issues that will be examined are: How do first-year students own vision of their outdoor life look like? What memories do first-year students have of outdoor education from their school years? What forces affect the learning and practice of outdoor life for physical education teacher students? Method The study was conducted on first-year students at the national educations for PE-teachers. Where 90 students conducted a quantitative questionnaire to provide a wide picture of how the own activation and the experienced outdoor education was during the school years. Which was supplemented with six interviews, where a closer look at the motive for outdoor life was examined in the form of experiences and feelings from both leisure and school years. Results The results from that data showed that two thirds were introduced to outdoor life through family and almost everyone experienced outdoor education during their school years. The forest is the dominant place in school and the activities orienteering, skating and hikes take place. In terms of own outdoor activities, it ́s the forest where most activation takes place through hiking and exercise. Emotions connected to the outdoor life are peace and harmony together with the driving forces to experience and belonging to a group. Conclusions This indicates that continued practice is in line with positive experiences, which is reflected in the fact that the forms of nature encounters from the school are imitated in one's own practice. The study indicates that the main connection to outdoor life is the forest, which is also what most students meet through outdoor education at school. Motive for outdoor life is experience through positive memories and the harmony, calm and stress-relieving effect nature bring.

Title: The benefits of outdoor course for social relationships development in school classes Objective: The aim of the thesis was to examine how the outdoor course focused on teambuilding and social relationships development influences the structure and quality of social relationships in adolescent school classes. Methods: The research sample was created by 211 13 years old secondary school students (128 girls; 83 boys; average age 13.3±SD years) who participated on a 6-days outdoor course. The course was designed using the principles of dramaturgy to meet its objectives - let the students get to know each other and their teachers better, induce positive social relationships, a cooperative atmosphere, a sense of trust and safety in the class. The students filled in the questionnaire before the course, straight after the course and 3 months after finishing the course. It was a combination of preferential record, sociometric questions (choosing classmates for a birthday party and deserted island), B3 test and two open-ended questions mapping the preference of programme resources. The results were first analysed for each class to see what happened in each group and then all classes were summarized. Primary data were analysed by non-parametric Friedman's test, statistical significance between the...

I skolorna talas det alltmer om utomhuspedagogik som arbetssätt och dess inflytande på elevers inlärning. Det finns forskning som behandlar huruvida arbetssättet påverkar elevers förståelse och kunskapslagring, men desto mindre kring hur arbetssättet bedrivs i praktiken. Frågor som kan ställas är om det även kan finnas faktorer som har inflytande på användandet av arbetssättet, och varför. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur lärare i Stockholms innerstad kontra förorter, använder historiska platser i form av besök i samband med sin historieundervisning. Sju legitimerade grundskolelärare i årskurs 4–6 som arbetar på olika skolor runt om i Stockholm har deltagit i studien. Metoden som använts är kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med en abduktiv ansats. Intervjufrågorna som har ställts är öppna för att respondenterna ska få utrymme till mer utförliga svar med eventuella följdfrågor. Den övergripande teorin för studien är Learning by doing av John Dewey med särskilt fokus på begreppen utomhuspedagogik, platsbaserad undervisning och upplevelsebaserat lärande. Dessa är förankrade med undersökningens innehåll, och därav baseras arbetet utifrån dessa teorier gällande lärande. Resultatet av studien visade att geografiska förutsättningar ökar användningen av arbetssättet i samband med historieundervisningen, då det oftast används i innerstaden med närhet till många av Stockholms kulturhistoriska platser. / In schools you often hear about outdoor education as a way of teaching and its influence of the students learning. There is research that shows whether outdoor education has an impact on the student’s understanding and memorization, however it is hard to find research that describes how it is actually used and practiced. Questions that should be considered is whether factors that affect the use of outdoor education, and why that is. The aim of the study is to contribute with knowledge about how teachers in Stockholm’s inner city versus the suburbs, tend to use historical places in terms of visits in connection with their history teaching. The respondents who participated in the research are seven licensed primary school teachers who teach the history subject in grades 4–6 and work at different schools in Stockholm. The method that is used is qualitative and semi structured interviews with an aduktiv approach. The interview questions that have been asked are opened with the possibility to give the respondent space for a more free answer and also the possibility to ask supplementary questions. The overall theory for the study is learning by doing by John Dewey, with a particular focus on concept outdoor education, place-based education, and experience-based learning. These are strongly anchored with the consent of the research, and therefore the research is based upon these theories about learning. The result shows that the geographic closeness increase the use of the working method in connection with history education, as it is most often used in the inner city with closeness to many of Stockholm's cultural-historical places.

Adventure-based programmes are one of the most exciting and effective intervention strategies that can influence youth-at-risk to make the right choices, guiding their development while simultaneously exposing them to positive values modeled by excellent people. Although adventure-based programmes are not a recent phenomenon in South Africa, very few research studies have been undertaken regarding this phenomenon. The aim of this research was to explore and describe the nature, requirements and limitations of adventure-based programmes to youth-at-risk. The main goal of the research was to develop guidelines for intervention through adventure-based programmes for youth-at-risk, based on a literature study and empirical research that was undertaken. Adolescents are becoming increasingly involved in high-risk behaviour, compromising their health, future and lives. Multi-professional interventions are necessary to address the issues and problems children and youth experience. Adventure-based programmes offers a solution and many skills necessary for successful living appear to be inherent to adventure-based learning: self-esteem, communication, problem-solving, group living, responsibility, spirituality, confidence. Facilitating adventure-based experiences to youth-at-risk is no simple task and the outdoor leader needs to be trained to deal with many forms of anti-social and other negative behaviour that could include aggression, disobedience, hyperactivity smoking, etc. It is clear from the research results that adventure-based programmes encompasses much more than simply offering activities in the outdoors to participants. Adventure-based activities can only be optimized to the level of an educational tool through purposeful planning, debriefing, follow up and evaluation. Many different terms are used to describe essentially similar outdoor programmes: adventure education, environmental education, experiential education, wilderness therapy, organized camping, outdoor education. Social workers, because of their broad, value based approaches and extensive training, is well equipped, if not best equipped of all professions, to play an active role in the development of adventure-based programmes to youth-at-risk; be it in developing and offering programmes, training staff to work with youth-at-risk or as staff member during an adventure-based programme. Adventure-based programmes as model of experiential education, offers the social worker an alternative intervention strategy to achieve psycho-social and competency outcomes with youth-at-risk. / Thesis (MA (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

As we come to the end of the decade declared as United Nations Decade for Biodiversity 2011-2020, the impact humans are having our planet is clear. The current primary school children are the future decision makers, consumers and electors; therefore, they must be exposed to approaches that can assist development that is sustainable and that will prevent further degradation of our planet. A key way to achieve this is to transform the education current and future generations of children will receive. Education must address sustainable development to support the formation of responsible citizens, eager to actively engage in decision-making processes, environmental issues and societal matters. This can be assisted through a focus on a specific approach to Education for Sustainable Development, Biodiversity Education. To add to current research about this approach to ESD, I investigated the effect biodiversity education had on the sustainability consciousness of primary school children. I chose a qualitative method of data collection and analysis through focus group, semi-structured interviews with 5th class students. The results showed that the participants' sustainability awareness, regarding two of the three dimensions of sustainable development, was highly developed; the environmental dimension and the social dimension. There was less evidence of a consciousness for the economic dimension of SD. Therefore, biodiversity education had a positive influence on the participants' sustainability consciousness, making them more aware of sustainability issues and action-oriented to address these issues. However, they lacked one dimension of sustainability; therefore, their sustainability consciousness was not fully developed. Further research is needed to analysis and interpret the rationale as to why the economic dimension was less developed in these participants who attended a school that promotes biodiversity education.

Outdoor education is believed to be a new teaching approach and method in the education framework which relates to learning through natural places using direct experience. However, the teaching approach that is mostly used in the Gambian schools is based on the traditional approach of teachings as well as many African countries. As a relatively new teaching technique, outdoor education is gaining recognition from many researchers who are developing a keen interest in it. Thus, the aim of the current thesis is to investigate the perceptions of Gambian Basic and Secondary school teachers about outdoor education. in that regard, six (6) Gambian teachers from different teaching subjects, grades, and regions reported their views about outdoor education. A qualitative approach methodology with the use of semi-structured interview was employed to get teachers perceptions. After the data collection, thematic analysis was used for analyzing the collected data from which three (3) themes emerged to report the participants’ opinions. The participants revealed their basic knowledge and perceptions about outdoor education and presented some characteristics and examples of how the practice outdoor education. They emphasized that they view outdoor education as a teaching approach with the use of outdoors. However, according to them, any teaching activity that involves using the outside the four corners of the classroom or the school premises, is considered outdoor education. They noted that outdoor education can take place in the form of excursions, fieldtrips, classes outside the class under a tree or within the school premises. Besides, although the teachers indicated that the main teaching approach, they use is still the traditional teaching and learning approach, they showed willingness to enrich their classes with use of outdoor education. They further revealed that the main places they conduct outdoor education is the school yard, under a tree, a visit to places of interest, excursions to various historical places or museums and the like. The Gambian teachers acknowledged many potentials of outdoor education to the students including stimulation of multi-senses, increased understanding, improved social relation and cooperation, boosting of their health and wellbeing, developing curiosity, and giving students a sense of freedom and happiness. However, participants also revealed several barriers that suppress them from doing outdoor education effectively. Among the barriers mentioned includes, inadequate funding, lack of support from parents and school administrators, lack of pedagogical training, tight schedule, and limited time. Thus, further research is needed to help testifying the results of the current study and give more insight into the field of outdoor education in the Gambia and Africa at large

Friluftsliv och utevistelse är idag en huvuddel inom ämnet idrott och hälsa i grundskolan sett till läroplanen. Det finns dock forskning som tyder på att det finns en problematik i undervisningsmomentet friluftsliv och utevistelse inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. Forskning visar bland annat att dagens kursplaner består av fria formuleringar vilket öppnar för lokala tolkningar av lärare, vilket kan leda till att friluftsliv och utevistelse ofta åsidosätts och förekommer lite under läsåret. För att ta reda på om det finns ytterligare antydningar till att undervisningsmomentet friluftsliv och utevistelse är ett bristande moment inom idrott och hälsa så formulerades studiens syfte och frågeställningar, att undersöka i vilken utsträckning elever anser sig få ta del av friluftsliv och utevistelse utifrån det centrala innehållet samt kunskapskraven inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. Eftersom elevers perspektiv förekommer i låg utsträckning i tidigare forskning kring ämnet idrott och hälsa så ansågs det även betydelsefullt i studien att belysa just detta.  Studien utgick ifrån en kvantitativ metod i form utav en webbenkät där urvalet bestod utav 178, varav 119 deltog, högstadieelever i årskurs 9 fördelat på tre skolor placerade på tre olika orter i Sverige. I resultatet framgick det att hälften av eleverna anser sig fått tagit mycket del utav det centrala innehållet samt av kunskapskraven gällande friluftsliv och utevistelse. I resultatet framgick det också att 3/4 av eleverna anser sig nöjda med undervisningsmomentet friluftsliv och utevistelse. I diskussionen poängteras bland annat att för få elever anser sig fått tagit mycket del utav friluftsliv och utevistelses centrala innehåll och kunskapskrav. Avslutningsvis uppmuntrar studien till framtida kvalitativ och kvantitaiv forskning kring ämnet idrott och hälsa att framhäva och sätta elevers perspektiv i fokus. / In primary school, outdoor education is today a main part in physical education (PE) regarding the curriculum. However, todays science shows a problematic picture of outdoor education in PE. Science claims that todays syllabus is defined unclear which makes it able for PE teachers to construe it in their own way which might lead outdoor education in PE to be put aside during the school year. To search if there is more about this problematic situation regarding outdoor education in PE the purpose and questions of this study was formed to search in which extent students consider themselves taking part in outdoor education in the central content and knowledge requirement of PE. In earlier science about PE there is few studies who illuminate the perspective of the students, and that is why this study choose this matter.  This study is based on a quantitative method and consists of a web survey. In the study 178 high school students was selected and 119 participated. The students were located in three different schools in three different cities in Sweden. The result of the study showed that half of the students consider that they are taking much part in outdoor education regarding the central content and knowledge requirements in PE. In the result of the study there was also showed that 3/4 of the students consider themselves pleased with the education of outdoor education in PE. In the discussion its pointed thet there are too few students who consider themselves taking much part in the central content and knowledge requirements of outdoor education. As closure, this study encourages future studies in PE, both in quantitative and qualitative forms, to highlight the perspective of students.

University educators are concerned with student leadership development in order to generate much-needed leaders in every aspect of society. This sequential mixed methods study found that students who participate in a university co-curricular outdoor education leadership training program, combined with the experience of leading a wilderness backpacking trip, had increased leadership self-efficacy. Empirical evidence was found to support leadership development, as well as the effectiveness and importance of university co-curricular outdoor education leadership training programs. This research is significant to educators for determining priorities in providing resources and designing effective co-curricular programs to create tomorrow's leaders.

Syftet med studien är att genom intervjuer med yrkesverksamma pedagoger bidra med kunskap om pedagogers upplevelser gällande genomförandet av utomhuspedagogik, i de naturorienterande ämnena i grundskolans årskurs 4–6. Studien är särskilt ämnat att studera utomhuspedagogikens möjligheter, utmaningar och betydelsen av förutsättningarna utifrån pedagogers erfarenheter. Studien grundar sig i en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och har utgått från semistrukturerade intervjuer där fem verksamma pedagoger med erfarenheter av utomhuspedagogik har deltagit. Intervjuerna har undersökts och sedan bearbetats utifrån en kvalitativ tematisk innehållsanalys. Utomhuspedagogik är ett förhållningssätt och handlar om att skapa ett lärande i autentiska situationer genom upplevelse och reflektion. Resultatet visar att utomhuspedagogik kommer med många fördelar i de naturorienterande ämnena, dock krävs det fler konkreta tips på hur pedagoger kan genomföra en undervisning utomhus för att det ska användas mer frekvent än vad det gör i undervisningen i dagsläget. De huvudsakliga utmaningarna studien lyfter är brist på tillgänglig närmiljö, hitta struktur utomhus samt tid och resurser. Dock med rätt förutsättningar beskriver pedagogerna hur utmaningarna går att överbryggas. Slutligen diskuteras studiens resultat i förhållande till varandra och tidigare forskning, kopplat till de teoretiska utgångspunkterna och avslutas med studiens relevans och framtida forskning. / The aim of the study is to contribute knowledge with teachers ́ experiences regarding the implementation of outdoor education, in the natural science subjects in grades 4-6 of primary school. In particular, the study aims to delve into and explore the possibilities, challenges, and significant prerequisites of outdoor education based on teachers ́ experiences. The study is based on a qualitative research method and utilizes semi-structured interviews, in which five practicing teachers with experience in outdoor education have participated. The interviews have been examined and then analyzed through a qualitative thematic content analysis. Outdoor education is an approach that involves creating a learning environment in authentic situations through experience and reflection. The findings indicate that outdoor education offers numerous advantages in the natural science subjects; however, it requires more specific guidance on how teachers can incorporate outdoor teaching methods to be utilized more frequently in current instructional practices. The main challenges identified in the study are the lack of an accessible local environment, establishing structure outdoors, and the constraints of time and resources. Nevertheless, the teachers describe how these challenges can be overcome with the right conditions. Finally, the study discusses the results in relation to each other and previous research, linked to the theoretical framework, and concludes with the relevance of the study and suggestions for future research.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka elevers upplevelser av en biologilektion i en autentisk miljö utomhus. Frågeställningarna är följande:Hur upplever en elevgrupp att ha en lektion med fokus på biologi i autentisk miljö utomhus. Hur gynnas en elevgrupp i sin kunskapsprocess av en lektion i utomhusmiljö om maskrosenslivscykel. I litteraturen och forskningsresultat finns inte mycket material som utgår ifrån elevperspektivet. Detta gjorde att jag valde att undersöka elevernas perspektiv på utomhuspedagogik med inriktning på biologi. För att kunna svara på frågeställningarna genomfördes semistruktureradeintervjuer med 8 elever i direkt anslutning till en lektion. Metoderna i examensarbetet är deltagande observation utifrån en lektion i ämnet biologi med utomhuspedagogik. Efter lektionen utfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med 8 elever som deltog i lektionen. Genomförandet av biologilektionen hölls utomhus på skolgården där det växer mycket maskrosor. Rapporten är relevant eftersom undersökningarna bygger på elevernas upplevelser av en lektion baserad på utomhuspedagogik. Resultatet visar att eleverna uppskattade att lektionen utfördes utomhus och att de hade fått med sig mycket från lektionen om maskrosens livscykel. Eleverna visade en stor nyfikenhet i naturen och de uppskattade även att få röra sig mer än vad de brukar göra under en inomhuslektion. I intervjuerna berättade en av eleverna även att det var bra att kunna söka upp de saker i naturen som lektionen handlar om, när lektionen är stationerad utomhus. Det tolkade resultatet visade tydligt att eleverna var aktiverade av att vi befann oss i den naturliga miljön för maskrosorna och att de stimulerades av att vi vistades utomhus. Diskussionen handlar om att en viss frihet infinner sig av att lektionen utförs utomhus. Eleverna fick själva avgöra om de skulle springa och hämta sin maskros eller gå i lugn takt, hade detta varit i inomhusmiljö hade de ej fått den friheten där det är regler som avgör att de inte får springa till exempel. Vad som även framgår är att eleverna blev delaktiga och upplevelserna de gjorde i utomhusmiljön väckte deras nyfikenhet att vilja lära sig mer om maskrosen.