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11	Direito de acesso e dever de fornecimento de medicamentos pós-pesquisa clínica: Uma avaliação jurídica e bioética Fernandes, Carolina Fernández 29 March 2011 (has links) Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-01T21:38:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 03.pdf: 660026 bytes, checksum: 341bc771ba36286a3616510efbe11c5b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T21:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 03.pdf: 660026 bytes, checksum: 341bc771ba36286a3616510efbe11c5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Graduação de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar, por uma perspectiva jurídica e bioética, o direito de acesso a medicamentos em fase de pós-pesquisa clínica farmacológica, e o dever de fornecimento. O problema ora enfrentado parte do momento em que a pesquisa é concluída, quando o patrocinador do estudo contabiliza e recolhe a medicação experimental remanescente, cessando o fornecimento do produto aos sujeitos de pesquisa, que, consequentemente, tem o tratamento paralisado. No caso destes sujeitos de pesquisa terem apresentado um quadro de melhora clínica ou terem auferido benefícios em razão do tratamento experimental, a suspensão do tratamento pode significar a ocorrência de danos à pessoa. Portanto, assevera-se que os sujeitos de pesquisa, em razão de sua participação no estudo, sucedida pelo alcance de benefícios com o tratamento experimental, detém o direito de acesso ao medicamento estudado em fase de pós-pesquisa clínica farmacológica. Partindose da constatação de que a relação de pesquisa dá origem a uma relação jurídica negocial tipicamente contratual entre os sujeitos de pesquisa, o patrocinador do estudo, o pesquisador responsável e a instituição de pesquisa, o dever de fornecimento de medicação em fase de pós-pesquisa clínica farmacológica constitui-se como uma obrigação post pactum finitum fundamentada na existência dos deveres pós-contratuais de solidariedade, proteção e lealdade, resultantes da boa-fé objetiva contratual. / El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar, por uma perspectiva jurídica y bioética, el derecho de acceso a medicamentos en fase de post investigación clínica farmacológica, y el deber de fornecimiento. El problema que se enfrenta parte del momento en que la investigación se ve concluída, cuando el patrocinador de la investigación contabiliza y recoge la medicación experimental remanente, interrumpiendo el fornecimiento del producto a los sujetos de investigación, que, consiguiente, tienen paralizado el tratamiento. En caso de estos sujetos de investigación presentaren un cuadro de mejoría clínica o que tengan auferido benefícios en razón del tratamiento experimental, la suspensión del tratamiento puede significar la ocurrencia de daños a la persona. Para tanto, se asegura que los sujetos de investigación, por ocasión de su participación en el estudio, sucedida por el alcance de benefícios con el tratamiento experimental, detienen el derecho de acceso al medicamiento estudiado en fase de post-investigación clínica farmacológica. Partiendo de la constactación de que la relación de investigación dá origen a una relación jurídica negocial tipicamente contractual entre los sujetos de investigación, el patrocinador del estudio, el investigador responsáble y la institución de investigación, el deber de fornecimiento de la medicación en la fase de post investigación clínica farmacológica constituyese como una obligación post pactum finitum fundamentada en la existencia de deberes post contractuales de solidariedad, protección y lealdad, resultantes de la buena-fé objetiva contractual. Pesquisa clínica Medicamentos experimentais Dever de fornecimento Sujeitos de pesquisa Negócio jurídico Obrigação post pactum finitum Investigación clínica Medicamentos experimentales Deber de fornecimiento Sujetos de investigación Obligación post pactum finitum
12	Hanteringen av avtal i strid med lag eller goda seder - en kartläggning och en kritik / The handling of illegal or immoral contracts - an inquiry and a critique Frohm, Markus January 2021 (has links) En kartläggning och en kritik av det sätt på vilket den svenska rättsordningen för närvarande hanterar avtal i strid med lag eller goda seder. pactum turpe avtal i strid med lag och goda seder avtal i strid med lag eller goda seder avtal i strid med lag avtal i strid med goda seder osedliga avtal olagliga avtal sedesvidriga avtal NJA 1997 s 93 ex turpi causa non oritur actio in pari delicto läran om pactum turpe läran om osedliga avtal rättsinstitutet pactum turpe Law (excluding Law and Society)
13	Lease-back / Lease-back Panucci Filho, Roberto 10 June 2014 (has links) Nesta dissertação são analisados os contratos de lease-back perante a lei brasileira. Lease-back é uma modalidade de arrendamento mercantil financeiro em que o vendedor do bem e o arrendatário são a mesma pessoa jurídica. Desde 1930, teorias econômicas, políticas e jurídicas têm debatido a importância de propriedade e controle de bens no capitalismo, sendo hoje geralmente aceito que empresas não precisam ter a propriedade dos ativos para desenvolver suas atividades. Neste contexto, operações de lease-back podem ser usadas pelas empresas como uma fonte alternativa de financiamento, em que se dispõe do direito de propriedade sem perder o direito de usar e fruir dos ativos. O foco desta dissertação consiste em analisar (i) o que é um contrato de lease-back; (ii) os elementos de contratos de lease-back; e (iii) a legalidade de contratos de lease-back perante a lei brasileira, especialmente em vista da proibição do pacto comissório em direitos reais de garantia (penhor, hipoteca e anticrese) e na alienação fiduciária em garantia. / This dissertation analyzes lease-back agreements under Brazilian law. Lease-back is a type of finance lease (arrendamento mercantil financeiro) wherein the seller of the asset and the lessee are the same legal entity. Since 1930s economic, political and legal theories have debated the importance of ownership and control in capitalism and nowadays it is commonly accepted that companies do not need to retain ownership of their assets to develop their business. In this context, lease-back transactions can be used by companies as an alternative source of financing, by disposing of the ownership of their assets without losing the right to use them. The focus of this dissertation is to analyze (i) what is a leaseback agreement; (ii) the elements of lease-back agreements; and (iii) the legality of leaseback agreements under Brazilian law especially in view of potential violation to rules prohibiting pactum commissorium in agreements involving in rem security interests (pledge, mortgage and antichresis) or chattel mortgage (alienação fiduciária em garantia). Commercial leases Contracts Contractual limitations Contratos Finance lease Freedom of contract Lease-Back Leases Leasing Leasing Legality Liberdade contratual Pactum commissorium Recharacterization
14	Lease-back / Lease-back Roberto Panucci Filho 10 June 2014 (has links) Nesta dissertação são analisados os contratos de lease-back perante a lei brasileira. Lease-back é uma modalidade de arrendamento mercantil financeiro em que o vendedor do bem e o arrendatário são a mesma pessoa jurídica. Desde 1930, teorias econômicas, políticas e jurídicas têm debatido a importância de propriedade e controle de bens no capitalismo, sendo hoje geralmente aceito que empresas não precisam ter a propriedade dos ativos para desenvolver suas atividades. Neste contexto, operações de lease-back podem ser usadas pelas empresas como uma fonte alternativa de financiamento, em que se dispõe do direito de propriedade sem perder o direito de usar e fruir dos ativos. O foco desta dissertação consiste em analisar (i) o que é um contrato de lease-back; (ii) os elementos de contratos de lease-back; e (iii) a legalidade de contratos de lease-back perante a lei brasileira, especialmente em vista da proibição do pacto comissório em direitos reais de garantia (penhor, hipoteca e anticrese) e na alienação fiduciária em garantia. / This dissertation analyzes lease-back agreements under Brazilian law. Lease-back is a type of finance lease (arrendamento mercantil financeiro) wherein the seller of the asset and the lessee are the same legal entity. Since 1930s economic, political and legal theories have debated the importance of ownership and control in capitalism and nowadays it is commonly accepted that companies do not need to retain ownership of their assets to develop their business. In this context, lease-back transactions can be used by companies as an alternative source of financing, by disposing of the ownership of their assets without losing the right to use them. The focus of this dissertation is to analyze (i) what is a leaseback agreement; (ii) the elements of lease-back agreements; and (iii) the legality of leaseback agreements under Brazilian law especially in view of potential violation to rules prohibiting pactum commissorium in agreements involving in rem security interests (pledge, mortgage and antichresis) or chattel mortgage (alienação fiduciária em garantia). Contratos Leasing Liberdade contratual Commercial leases Contracts Contractual limitations Finance lease Freedom of contract Lease-Back Leases Leasing Legality Pactum commissorium Recharacterization
15	Kritiese beskouing van die leerstuk van volenti non fit Iniuria in die Suid-Afrikaanse Sportreg (Afrikaans) Hanekom, Edward Jurgens 15 May 2007 (has links) Please read the summary in the front pages of the file named 00dissertation / Dissertation (LLM (Procedural Law))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Procedural Law / unrestricted Vicarious liability United Kingdom (UK) United States (US) Pactum de non petendo Liability for sports injuries Disclaimers Cricket and skydiving Law of contract and delict Rugby Volenti non fit iniuria Waivers UCTD
16	Pactum turpe : En antik rättsfigurs tillämpning i en postmodern värld Sapa, Patryk January 2020 (has links) The doctrine of illegality and immorality, pactum turpe, has been questioned by several scholars lately. The fundamental problem is that we live in an increasingly multicultural society governed by a postmodernist paradigm where no objective or universal values can or should be taken for granted. Within the framework of such a societal structure it can, on the face of it, seem hard to establish any moral values that can constitute the basis of pactum turpe. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the conflict of interest between the principle of freedom of con- tract and pactum turpe. This essentially entails answering how such an antique legal principle as pactum turpe can be used in a postmodern context. More concretely, the following questions will be examined: Is pactum turpe an obsolete doctrine? With which methods can one deduce immorality? Which typical cases does pactum turpe cover? What method has primacy when deducing immorality? The first question was answered in the following way. Pactum turpe is not an obsolete doctrine, on the contrary, it fills many important functions. A historical inquiry shows that there has always been a need for pactum turpe since the roman times. Furthermore, all modern legal systems have a doctrine of illegality and immorality in order to declare certain immoral contracts void or to dismiss actions founded upon such contracts. The commodification tendencies, the shift of emphasis in the freedom and rights discourse and the expanding multicultural society all point to the fact that more cases regarding the (im)morality of contracts will have to be solved by the courts. As of now there is no legal mechanism that can replace the procedural functions of pactum turpe; neither its substantial scope of application. The second question was answered in the following way. Four different methods with which immorality can be established have been found: the intuitive method, the reductionist method, the holistic method and the pragmatic method. The third question was answered in the following way. The typical cases covered by pactum turpe are contracts in breach of law; contracts regarding family relations or personal integrity; agreements on tax evasion; gambling contracts; and agreements on circumvention of law. This is not a closed categorisation which the application of pactum turpe is limited to. New situations may become commonalities as the society evolves and new problems become relevant. The fourth question was answered in the following way. An analysis of the typical cases shows that the Supreme Court favours the pragmatic method in order to deduce immorality. Case law – especially NJA 1955 s. 544, NJA 1989 s. 768, NJA 1997 s. 93, NJA 2002 s. 322, NJA 2008 s. 861 and NJA 2019 s. 504 – suggests that a nuanced approach has primacy. The holistic method has only been applied in occasional cases, for example RH 2004:41. It seems like the intuitive method was common in earlier times, especially in the lower courts. The reductionist method has not been used by courts at all; this is because it is not practical for courts to use questionnaires and statistics in order to de- cide the immorality of a contract. Pactum turpe postmodernism olaglighet ogiltighet 36§ rättsfilosofi goda seder spel vadslagning skatteundandraganden kringgåenden av lag kriminella överenskommelser obehörig vinst Law and Society Juridik och samhälle Law (excluding Law and Society)
17	Arbetsoförmögen efter beslut om icke godkänd säkerhetsprövning? : Till frågan om den efterföljande arbetsrättsliga hanteringen och rätten att få sin sak prövad i domstol utan hinder av sekretess / Incapacitated from working after a security clearance denial? : Regarding the subsequent procedures in labour law and the right to a fair trial unfettered by confidentiality Frizell Björklund, André January 2024 (has links) No description available. closed material procedures säkerhetsskydd personalsäkerhet säkerhetsprövning arbetsoförmåga avtal i strid med legalt förbud pactum turpe rätten till domstolsprövning Europakonventionen sekretess regelkollision konstruktiv rättsdogmatik uppgiftsskyldighet vittnesplikt edition av allmänna handlingar særskilt oppnevnt advokater Law Juridik
18	Les promesses de payer : essai de théorie générale / Promises to pay : essay of a general theory Stanczak, Romain 03 November 2015 (has links) Les promesses de payer sont des contrats par lesquels une personne s’engage envers un créancier à payer ce qui lui est dû. De tels actes sont courants ; leurs applications sont variées. Le cautionnement, l’acceptation d’une lettre de change, la promesse d’exécuter une obligation naturelle, l’engagement du délégué envers le délégataire, le constitut, la garantie autonome, la souscription d’un billet à ordre, etc., sont des promesses de payer. Plus précisément, ces actes sont des applications diverses d’une même figure juridique : la promesse de payer. Cette dernière, déshabillée des particularités propres à chacune de ses applications spéciales, se présente comme une figure juridique unitaire, pourvue d’une nature et de caractères permanents. Ayant pour objet un paiement, elle suppose toujours l’existence d’une dette à acquitter. Cette dette, ou « obligation principale », constitue sa cause objective. Contrairement à une simple reconnaissance de dette, la promesse ne se borne pas à déclarer l’existence de celle-ci. En tant qu’engagement d’exécution, elle donne naissance à une nouvelle obligation, l’ « obligation de règlement », venant s’adjoindre à la première en vue de son paiement. L’obligation de règlement, à ce titre, constitue l’accessoire de l’obligation principale. Son régime, de sa naissance à son extinction, sera donc plus ou moins lié à celui de cette dernière. / Promises to pay are contracts by which a person commits to pay to a creditor what is owed to him. Such acts are as common as they are various. For instance, bond, acceptance of a bill of exchange, promise to perform a natural obligation, commitment of the delegate to the delegatee, autonomous guarantee, subscription of a promissory note, etc. are promises to pay. In fact, such acts are different applications of a single legal figure : the promise to pay. Apart from the specificities of each of its applications, the promise to pay reveals itself as a uniform legal act with a permanent nature. Because its subject consists in a payment, the promise to pay always presupposes the existence of a debt. Such debt, or “primary obligation”, is the “objective cause” of the promise. Unlike a simple “IOU”, a promise to pay is not limited to declare the existence of the primary obligation. As a commitment, it also produces a new obligation, the “obligation to pay”, which coexists with the primary obligation. The obligation to pay, as such, is ancillary to the primary obligation. Its legal status, from its birth to its expiration, will be closely linked to that of the primary obligation. Promesse Paiement Pacte constitutae pecuniae Accessoire Reconnaissance de dette Cautionnement Constitut Garantie autonome Obligation de règlement Obligation principale Obligation naturelle Délégation Lettre de change Chèque Billet à ordre Crédit documentaire Codébiteur solidaire Sûretés Promise Payment Pactum constitutae pecuniae Accessory “IOU” Bond Natural obligation First demand guarantee Obligation to pay Primary obligation Delegation Bill of exchange Promissory note Irrevocable documentary credit Joint and several debtor Securities 346
19	El contrato normativo : análisis de una categoría / Le contrat normatif : analyse d'une catégorie / The normative contract : analysis of a cathegory Soro Russell, Olivier 03 July 2013 (has links) L'objet principal de notre recherche sera d'essayer d'éclairer l'obscurité relative à la figure du contrat normatif, existante particulièrement en espagne, en élaborant une étude minutieuse et en profondeur qui fait actuellement défaut dans la littérature juridique. de même, il sera aussi bien nécessaire d'analyser si la notion de contrat normatif, telle qu'elle est proposée par la doctrine et jurisprudence espagnole et surtout italienne, peut être transposée au droit français des contrats. et, d'autre part, si la notion française de contrat-cadre correspond à celle, espagnole, de « contrato marco ». pour ce faire, il sera nécessaire d'entamer une étude de ses différences et similitudes au moyen d'une comparaison de l'emploi, par les professionnels du droit de chaque pays, de chacun des termes. finalement il sera envisagé, le cas échéant, l'opportunité d'une éventuelle transposition de la figure du contrat-cadre au droit espagnol à travers celle de « contrato marco », l'intégrant comme équivalente ou application de la figure de contrat normatif.ainsi, une fois notre recherche achevée nous serons en mesure de proposer une définition complète et claire de contrat normatif, de déterminer sa nature juridique, d'obtenir ses principaux caractères, d'en tirer sa portée et, enfin, de rassembler ces principales applications pratiques. et ce, naturellement sans oublier de relever tant l'histoire ou la genèse de cette figure que sa valeur actuelle, en tant que nouvelle forme de négociation, d'autorégulation et de limitation volontaire de la liberté contractuelle. / How far are now individuals free to create the most appropriate contractual tool to achieve the satisfaction of their needs and interests? What they have in common figures as diverse as a joint-venture agreement, a franchise agreement or a marriage contract? Is the old general theory of contract adapted to the contractual practice of the XXI century? A deep study of the normative contract in this book provides answers to these and to many other momentous matters of Private Law of Contract. Reconstructed from the detailed analysis of the theory and legal practice, the notion of normative contract as an agreement of cooperative nature could constitute the bridge to a new and inspiring way of conceiving the contract. Not surprisingly, as shown by its main practical manifestations, the contract is often more than just an instrument to organize an exchange of goods and services, a powerful regulatory tool of reality and human behavior. To put it briefly, if on the one hand in this essay the author seeks find a remedy for a situation of great uncertainty regarding the so-called normative contract, in the other hand he also invites the legal community to reflect calmly on the role played by contract in present society.Keywords: Normative contract, Normenvertrag, Alfred HUECK, genesis, concept, pactum de modo contrahendo, contrat-cadre, framework agreements, distribution, collective agreement, financial transactions, joint venture, marriage contract, codes of conduct, Spanish private law, French private law, contractual clause, cooperative agreement, intuitus personae, no-obligational and obligational content of the contract, union of contracts, regulatory function of contract, general contract theory, theory of legal regulation, Hans KELSEN , freedom of contract. Contrat normatif Normenvertrag Alfred HUECK Genèse Notion Pactum de modo contrahendo Contrat-cadre Distribution Convention collective Conventions matrimoniales Codes de conduite Droit privé espagnol Droit privé français Clause contractuelle Contrat coopératif Ensemble contractuel Fonction régulatrice du contrat Théorie de la norme juridique Théorie générale du contrat Ordre contractuel Hans KELSEN Autonomie de la volonté Intuitus personae Joint-venture Normative contract Normenvertrag Alfred HUECK Genesis Concept Pactum de modo contrahendo Contrat-cadre Framework agreements Distribution Collective agreement Financial transactions Marriage contract Codes of conduct Spanish private law French private law Contractual clause Cooperative agreement Union of contracts Regulatory function of contract General contract theory Theory of legal regulation Hans KELSEN Freedom of contract Intuitus personae Joint-venture 340
20	Third-party litigation funding agreements : a comparative study Khoza, Mpho Justice 27 August 2019 (has links) In third-party litigation funding agreements, funders agree to finance a litigant’s litigation on condition that the funder will deduct a specified percentage from the capital awarded to the litigant in the event of success. In contingency fee agreements, such funding is provided by lawyers. Initially both these agreements were illegal in South Africa and England, but as civil courts became able to counter corruption and abuse – and with the recognition of the need to give more litigants access to justice – both were recognised as legal. Third-party litigation funding agreements by non-lawyers are unregulated in most jurisdictions. As the voluntary self-regulation in England is unsatisfactory, mandatory statutory regulation should be introduced in South Africa. The Contingency Fees Act 66 of 1997 caps the fee to 25% on the capital amount in South Africa. Since no such cap exists in Ontario (Canada), the cap of 25% in South Africa should be revised. / Eka Mintwanano yo nyika nseketelo wa mali eka nandzu wa thedi phati, vanyiki va mali va pfumela ku hakela mali ya nandzu wa mumangali hi xipimelo xa leswaku munyiki wa mali u ta susa phesenteji leyi kombisiweke ku suka eka mali leyi nyikiweke mumangali loko a humelela. Eka mintwanano ya tihakelo ta vukorhokeri, nseketelo walowo wa mali wu nyikiwa hi maloyara. Ekusunguleni mintwanano leyi hinkwayo a yi nga ri enawini eAfrika Dzonga na le England, kambe tanihi leswi tikhoto ta mfumo ti koteke ku kokela etlhelo eka timhaka ta vukungundzwana na nxaniso- na ku anakanyiwa ka xilaveko xo nyika vamangali votala mfikelelo wa vululami- hinkwayo yi anakanyiwile tanihi leyi nga enawini. Mintwanano yo nyika nseketelo wa mali eka nandzu wa thedi phati hi vanhu lava nga riki maloyara a yi lawuriwi eka vuavanyisi byotala. Tanihileswi vutilawuri byo tinyiketa eEngland byi nga riki kahle, mafambiselo ya nawu lama lavekaka ya fanele ya tivisiwa eAfrika Dzonga. Nawu wa Tihakelo ta Vukorhokeri wa 66 wa 1997 wu veka mpimo wa hakelo eka 25% eka xiphemu xa tsengo wa mali eAfrika Dzonga. Ku sukela loko ku ri hava mpimo lowu nga kona eOntario (Canada), mpimo wa 25% eAfrika Dzonga wu fanele wu langutisiwa hi vuntshwa. / Kha thendelano dza ndambedzo dza mbilo ine ya itelwa muthu, vhabadeli vho tenda u badela mbilo ya muthu o no khou itelwa mbilo tenda mubadeli a tshi ḓo ṱusa phesenthe yo tiwaho kha tshelede yo avhelwaho muthu ane a khou itelwa mbilo arali a kunda. Kha thendelano dza mbadelo dzine dza badelwa musi ramilayo o no kunda kha mulandu, mbadelo idzo dzi ṋetshedzwa nga vhoramilayo. Mathomoni thendelano idzi vhuvhili hadzo dzo vha dzi siho mulayoni Afurika Tshipembe na England, fhedzi musi khothe dza mbilo dzi tshi vho thoma u hanedzana na tshanḓanguvhoni na u tambudzwa - na u dzhiela nṱha ṱhoḓea ya u ṋea vhathu vhane vha khou itelwa mbilo u swikelela vhulamukanyi –vhuvhili hadzo dzo dzhiwa sa dzi re mulayoni. Thendelano dza ndambedzo dza mbilo ine muthu a itelwa nga vhathu vhane vha sa vhe vhoramilayo a i langulwi kha vhulamukanyi vhunzhi. Samusi u langulwa ha ndaulo nga iwe muṋe hu ha u tou funa ngei England a zwi ṱanganedzwi, ndaulo ya khombekhombe ya mulayo i fanela u ḓivhadzwa Afurika Tshipembe. Mulayo wa Mbadelo dzine dza badelwa Ramilayo musi o kunda wa nomboro 66 wa 1997 mutengo wawo u guma kha 25% mutengo wa tshelede Afurika Tshipembe. Samusi tshikalo itsho tshi sa wanali ngei Ontario (Canada), tshikalo itsho tsha 25% Afurika Tshipembe tshi fanela u sedzuluswa hafhu. / Private Law / LL. M. Access to justice Champerty Conditional fee agreements Contingency fee agreements Lawyers Maintenance Non-lawyers Public policy Pactum de quota litis 347.57068 Third party litigation funding -- Canada Contingent fees -- South Africa Contingent fees -- England Contingent fees -- Canada Lawyers -- Fees -- South Africa Lawyers -- Fees -- England Lawyers -- Fees -- Canada

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