In this essay I study how ideas of people with disability-issues and their relationship to the labor market takes form in the Swedish politics of functional limitation. There has been some modification within the concept of disability-issues and functional limitations that people either can have or experience in their surroundings. In this essay I also ask the question if there has been some change in the ideas of people with disability-issues and their relationship to the labor market in the Swedish politics of functional limitation along with the modification of the concept of disability-issues and functional limitations. To fulfill the purpose with this essay I am using a discourse analytic method based on ideas from social constructivism. In my research I am analyzing two documents, one from before the modification of the concepts and one from the time after. To analyze these two documents I am using the analytic tool problem – reason – solution, inspired by Ulf Mörkenstam.  The result show us that the ideas of the relationship to the labor market for people with disability-issues are very similar within these two documents. Even though they from some points starts from different line of thoughts, they both end up with giving the idea that this group of people have a difficult situation on the labor market, they do not participate on the labor market on same conditions as other people and they suffer with difficulty in the competitive strength together with other people on the labor market.

Studien ämnar utforska personal på gruppbostäders uppfattningar om digitalisering för personer med funktionsnedsättning. Digitaliseringens framfart är inget som går att bortse ifrån, men på gruppbostäderna har det ännu inte etablerats fullt ut vilket i sig kan påverka brukarnas möjligheter till delaktighet på samma villkor som resterande befolkning i samhället. Genom att se hur digitaliseringen på gruppbostäderna och hur effekterna av digitaliseringen ser ut för målgruppen, ökar förståelsen kring ett ämne som är aktuellt både för socialt arbete men också för målgruppen i sig. Med en kvalitativ forskningsansats och genom en abduktiv metod har sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med personal på gruppbostäder för att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna.  Resultatet har analyserats med ett tematiskt tillvägagångssätt och utgått från stämplingsteori, empowerment och erkännande. I resultatet har det framkommit att digitaliseringen implementeras på gruppbostäderna i varierande grad beroende på synen kring brukarnas attribut och egenskaper, organisationens stöd och personalens engagemang. Utifrån normer kan personal på gruppbostäderna ha en särskild syn på användningen av digitaliseringen som i sin tur kan påverka empowerment och erkännande för målgruppen. Slutsatsen är att om digitaliseringen inte anpassas kan det leda till ett digitalt utanförskap för personer med funktionsnedsättning. / This study’s purpose is to examine staff in group homes’ perceptions of digitalisation for people with disabilities. The progress of digitalisation can't be ignored, yet in group homes it has not been fully established which can affect the possibilities for participation on equal terms for the residents as the remaining population. Seeking to understand digitalisation in group homes and and the effects of digitalisation for the target group, increases the understanding of a current subject for social work and the target group itself. From a qualitative research approach with an abductive method, six semistructured interviews are implemented with staff in group homes to answer the purpose and questions in this study. The results is analysed from a thematic approach based on labeling theory, empowerment and recognition. Digitalisation varies on staffs’ attitudes on disability andresidents in group homes assigned attributes and characteristics, organisation support and staff commitment. Based on norms, staff in group homes can have a certain view on the use of digitalisation which then can affect empowerment and recognition for the target group. If digitalisation is not adapted it can lead to a digital exclusion for people with disabilities.

Syftet med denna studie var att, utifrån ett chefsperspektiv, undersöka vilka lagar, styrdokument, riktlinjer och rutiner som används inom LSS-verksamheter gällande sexualiteten hos personer med funktionsnedsättning. Syftet var också att analysera hur enhetschefer förhåller sig till och arbetar med dessa dokument. Anledningen till det valda chefsperspektivet är att detta inte påträffats i någon större utsträckning i tidigare forskning. För att besvara studiens syfte genomfördes dels sex semistrukturerade intervjuer i kombination med vinjetter, med enhetschefer som arbetar inom LSS-verksamheter samt en ”tilläggsintervju” med en projektledare för ett aktuellt projekt om sexualitet. Vidare analyserades datamaterialet utifrån socialkonstruktivismen samt normaliseringsprincipen som ”analysverktyg”. Resultatet visade att det är LSS-lagen som enhetscheferna upplever är den starkaste lagen och som gör det möjligt för personer med funktionsnedsättning att uttrycka, forma och erkänna sin sexualitet. Det betonades också att inga ”renodlade” styrdokument, riktlinjer eller rutiner finns inom LSS-verksamheterna, vilket bidrar till att enhetscheferna fann sina egna ”lösningar” på att arbeta med sexualitet i verksamheten. Slutsatserna från studiens resultat visar att enhetscheferna själv väver samman LSS-lagens målformulering med sexualitetsområdet för att vidare konstruera LSS-lagens be-grepp och dess innebörd, vilket bidrar till att besvara frågan hur enhetscheferna förhåller sig till och arbetar med frågor som rör sexualitet hos personer med funktionsnedsättning. / The purpose of this study was to, from managers perspectives, examine which laws, regulatory documents, guidelines and routines that are being uses in LSS- organizations regarding the sexuality of people with disabilities. The purpose was also to analyze how unit managers relate to and work with these documents. The reason why I chose the manager perspective is that this cannot be found in any greater extent in earlier research. To answer the purpose of this study, six semi-structured interviews in combination with vignettes, was conducted with unit managers that work within LSS-organizations, this was complemented with an ”additional interview” with a project leader who works with an onegoing project about sexuality. After this, an analysis of the date was preformed using social construcktivism and with the normalization principle as analytic. The results showed that it is the LSS-law, which the unit managers experiences to be the most powerful law, that makes it possible for people with disabilities to express, shape and admit their sexuality. They underline that there is an absence of regulatory documents, guidelines and routines within the LSS-organizations. This forces the unit manager to make up their own solutions on how to work with sexuality in the organizations. The conclusion of the results of this study shows that the unit managers combine the formulation of goals in the LSS-laws with the sexuality area on their own to create the LSS-laws concept and meaning. This answers the questions about how the unit managers relate to and work with questions regarding the sexuality of people with disabilities.

The aim of this study was to examine in which way people with disabilities who live in group housing have influence and self-determination in cultural and leisure activities. The intention was to obtain an understanding of the staff’s perspective, and the people interviewed were chosen by a strategic selection. The study was based on interviews with five different people who all worked as care assistants in various group housings across two different counties in Sweden – all in different workplaces. The interviews were performed with a semi-structured method in order to gather as much useful information as possible. The results of this study showed that there are several factors that affect the influence and self-determination in cultural and leisure activities of people with disabilities. These factors have been divided into categories, which are: ‘A kind of parenthood’, ‘Communication difficulties could create hindrances’, ‘The commitment of the staff is an important factor’, and ‘The economy is in control’. The results were analysed based on two different types of theories, which were empowerment and power. In summary, the study showed that people with disabilities were highly dependent on their staff and their commitment to influence and have self-determination in cultural and leisure activities. Economy was also a key factor for influence and self-determination, meaning that the more money a person has, the more activities he or she can afford. These two major factors could create great injustice amongst people with disabilities.

Introduction. The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine which factors affect how Swedish public libraries, financed by a grant from the Swedish Arts Council, work to improve their accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities. Method. We have used qualitative methods for our study. The methods are semi-structured interviews with representatives from six public libraries, participant observation of a lecture about cognitive accessibility by Begripsam AB and a review of the libraries’ applications for the grant. The theoretical approaches are Critical Disability Theory, Stigma Theory and Spoon Theory. Results. Our results show that the libraries use a solution-oriented approach to improve their accessibility. They have focused on improving the physical library, for example by making the lighting, sound environment, information, and signage more accessible. All libraries have collaborated with Begripsam. People with cognitive disabilities are a versatile group with different needs, which makes it difficult to follow the Swedish library law to be “accessible to all”. There are several laws and guidelines regarding cognitive accessibility, but they seem to be hard to find and interpret. Conclusion. Our study shows that the grant from the Swedish Arts Council has been necessary to make the libraries more accessible for people with cognitive disabilities. Begripsam has had a great impact on what the libraries have done to improve their cognitive accessibility. There seems to be a need to make the guidelines on accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities more accessible for library staff. The grant is temporary, but the process of making libraries more accessible never ends. The lack of adequate finances is an obstacle for the public libraries’ ability to be accessible for all, and they would benefit from a more permanent solution. This is a two-year master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Uppsatsens syfte är att genom en multimodal kritisk diskursanalytisk metod undersöka representationen av personer med funktionsnedsättningar i två olika situationskomedier, från två olika tidsperioder. Dessa är Different Strokes, från mitten på 1980-talet, och Speechless från 2016. Fokus ligger på en karaktär från respektive situationskomedi, Kathy från Different Strokes och JJ från Speechless. Vidare är syftet också att diskutera kring huruvida representationerna kan förstärka olika stereotyper och fördomar i samhället. Urvalet består av fyra (4) avsnitt från respektive serie, det vill säga totalt åtta (8) avsnitt. Personer med funktionsnedsättningar avbildas allt som oftast på ett stereotypt vis, oftast med själva funktionsnedsättningen i fokus. Bilden som förmedlas via medier har idag stor påverkan på mottagaren. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att situationskomedierna avbildar personer med funktionsnedsättningar på ett förhållandevis stereotypt vis, vilket i relativt stor mån kan påverka hur mottagaren uppfattar personer med funktionsnedsättningar. Slutligen kommer uppsatsen också fram till att det är av största vikt att avbilda personer med funktionsnedsättningar på ett respektfullt vis. Detta kan, med stor sannolikhet, leda till att redan existerande stereotyper och fördomar förstärks och därmed också stigmat i samhället. / The purpose of the study is to investigate the representation of people with disabilities in two different sitcoms, from two different time periods. The analysis is made by a multimodal critical discourse analysis method. The sitcoms are Different Strokes, from the mid 1980s, and Speechless from 2016. The focus will be on one character from each sitcom, Kathy from Different Strokes and JJ from Speechless. Furthermore, the purpose is also to discuss whether the representations can reinforce different stereotypes and prejudices in society. The selection consists of four (4) episodes from each series, i.e. a total of eight (8) sections. People with disability are often depicted in a stereotypical way, most of the time with the disability it self in focus. The image that is conveyed via the media has a great influence on the recipients today. The study concludes that both sitcoms depicted people with disabilities in a relatively stereotyped manner, which to a relatively large extent can influence how the recipient perceives people with disabilities. The study also concludes that it is of the utmost importance to depict persons with disabilities in a respectful manner. This may otherwise lead to the strengthening of existing stereotypes and prejudices and thus stigma in society.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether the Swedish municipalities apply the UN Convention on the rights of Persons with Disabilities and article number 24 regarding right to education when purchasing Swedish education for immigrants. One aim is to identify whether legislation, policies and rights of people with disabilities occur in different procurement documents. The study furthermore investigates if the right to education connects to the concept of social sustainability and Agenda 2030 for sustainable development and if that shows in the reviewed documents. This qualitative study maps and compares contents of different documents, descriptions of legislation, policies and concepts concerning rights of persons with disabilities. General comment No. 4 regarding right to inclusive education supports the work and analysis. The result finds that some rights of persons with disabilities occur in the different documents but to a different extent between the municipalities. Human Rights are not widely described and the Convention not mentioned, which could hinder to fulfill the obligation. The concept of social sustainability exists in the documents but does not always constitute the same purpose as described by the Swedish authority for public purchasing.

Att utöva turism- och fritidsaktiviteter är en väsentlig del i många människors liv, men för personer med funktionsnedsättningar (PmF) är genomförandet av sådana aktiviteter långt från lika självklara. Frågan om aktivt deltagande och inkludering av PmF i samhällets alla delar lyfts allt mer och kraven på tillgänglighet ökar. Därav syftar denna studie till att undersöka på vilka sätt turism- och aktivitetsföretag i Jämtlands län arbetar med att anpassa sina aktiviteter för att kunna inkludera individer med fysisk funktionsnedsättning. För att uppnå syftet var en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer studiens huvudsakliga metodologiska verktyg för insamling av empiriska data. Resultatet tyder på att majoriteten av verksamheterna inte erbjuder aktiviteter som är specifikt anpassade för PmF men att en del av utbudet går att kan anpassa om efterfrågan skulle uppstå. Marknadens efterfrågan styr verksamhetens utbud av aktiviteter och en bristande efterfrågan från PmF på tillgängliga aktiviteter har identifierats. Studiens slutsats beskriver att den bristande efterfrågan från PmF ligger till grund för det bristande utbudet av tillgängliga aktiviteter samt att verksamheterna anger resurser såsom kunskap och ekonomiska faktorer som utmanade vid utvecklingen av tillgänglighetsanpassade aktiviteter. / Tourism and leisure activities are an essential part of many people's lives, but for people with disabilities (PwD), their involvement can be highly conditional. The issue of active participation and the inclusion of PwD in all parts of society is increasingly being raised and the need for accessibility is growing. This study aims to investigate how tourism and activity companies in Jämtland County works to adapt and customize their activities to include individuals with physical disabilities. The study had a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews as the key focus for collecting empirical data. The result indicates that the majority of businesses do not currently offer activities that are specifically tailored to PwD, but for most of the companies these activities can be adjusted if there is a demand for it. Market demand controls the companies’ range of activities and a lack of demand from PwD for accessible activities has been identified. The conclusion describes that the absence of demand from PwD is the reason for the lack of accessible activities  and that the companies specify resources such as knowledge and financial factors as challenging for the development of accessible activities. / <p>2020-06-08</p>

Syfte Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur samspel och kommunikation med personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning, deras assistenter och vattendansledare under vattendans kan analyseras med multimodal interaktionsanalys, för att genom tolkning av kommunikativa uttryck identifiera upplevelse av interventionen. Ytterligare ett syfte med studien är att identifiera vilka styrkor och svagheter analysmetoden har vid studier av interaktion mellan personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning och deras assistenter. Metod I studien videoinspelades och analyserades interaktion mellan personer med flerfunktionsnedsättning, deras medföljare samt personal som höll i vattendansen. Den metod som användes var multimodal interaktionsanalys, som är en metod där man analyserar interaktion i naturligt förekommande situationer. Analysen utfördes genom observation och transkription av videoinspelad interaktion. Resultat Ett flertal uttryck identifierades med multimodal interaktionsanalys. Dessa uttryck kunde säga något om upplevelsen hos personerna med flerfunktionsnedsättning under vattendansen. De kommunikativa uttrycken analyserades alltid i den kontext där de förekom. Uttrycken betraktades som kontextberoende och inte som isolerade handlingar. De modaliteter som personerna med flerfunktionsnedsättning använde för att kommunicera var bland annat blickar, vokalisationer och ansiktsmimik. Dessa uttryck studerades i termer av vilken mening eller sinnesstämning de tycktes förmedla, hur frekvent de förekom, samt vilken respons de väckte. Tolkning av uttrycken gjordes till stor del genom att studera omgivningens respons. Under arbetets gång identifieras styrkor såväl som svagheter med analysmetoden. Att analysera materialet med någon annan metod än just multimodal interaktionsanalys hade varit svårt, eftersom det i dagsläget finns mycket få alternativa sätt att analysera och transkribera den här typen av komplex interaktion på. Slutsats Genom multimodal interaktionsanalys kunde en varierad bredd av olika kommunikativa uttryck identifieras och tolkas, och författarna fick därmed en bild av hur personerna med flerfunktionsnedsättning och deras medföljare upplevde interventionsmetoden. Överlag förefaller upplevelsen av vattendansen vara positiv för personerna med flerfunktionsnedsättning såväl som för deras medföljare. Multimodal interaktionsanalys lämpade sig väl som analysmetod för att identifiera tecken som kan säga något om personernas med flerfunktionsnedsättnings upplevelse av vattendansen. / Aim The aim of this study is to investigate whether interaction between people with multiple disabilities, their assistants and waterdance staff during waterdance can be analysed using multimodal interaction analysis, in order to identify how the people with multiple disabilities experience the intervention. Identification of experience is conducted by recognizing and interpreting communicative actions. Another aim is to identify strengths and weaknesses of the method of analysis in the study of interaction between people with multiple functional impairments and their assistants. Method Interaction between three people with multiple disabilities, their assistants and waterdance staff was video recorded and then analysed. The method used is multimodal interaction analysis, which is a method for analysing naturally occurring interaction. The analysis was performed through observation and transcription of video-recorded interaction. Results Several communicative expressions were identified with multimodal interaction analysis. These expressions could say something about the people with multiple disabilities’ experience of the waterdance. The communicative actions and expressions were analysed in the context in which they occurred. The expressions were regarded as contextually dependent, and not as isolated, independent actions. Modalities that were used for communication were among others: gaze, vocalizations and facial expressions. These communicative actions were studied regarding what meaning or mood they seemed to convey, the frequency with which they occurred in, and in what response they evoked. Interpretation of the expressions was largely conducted by studying the response from people in the environment. Strengths as well as weaknesses were identified regarding the method of analysis. To analyse the material with a method other than multimodal interaction analysis would have been difficult, since other options of methods for analysing and transcribing this complex type of interaction are very limited. Conclusions A variety of communicative expressions were identified through multimodal interaction analysis. Through interpretation of the expressions, the authors were able to better understand how the people with multiple disabilities and their assistants experienced the intervention method. Multimodal interaction analysis is well suited as an analytical method for identifying signs that may tell us something about the experience of waterdance, of the three persons with multiple disabilities.

Bakgrund: Personer med funktionsnedsättning har i förhållande till övrig befolkning en lägre grad av delaktighet. De individer sin får stöd inom ramen för Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (LSS) hamnar i en beroendeställning till den personal som utför insatserna. I syfte att öka brukares delaktighet används Delaktighetsmodellen, vilken bygger på professionellt ledda dialogmöten mellan brukare och habiliterare. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur erfarenheter och kunskaper från rollen som vägledare inom Delaktighetsmodellen har kommit till användning i habiliterares ordinarie arbete. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats. Sex habiliterare, en man och fem kvinnor, deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utöver spridning i kön fanns också en spridning i ålder, utbildning och specifik yrkeserfarenhet. Resultat: Respondenterna upplevde att de erfarenheter och kunskaper de fått i och med sin vägledarroll har lett till reflektioner kring hur ens egna värderingar och attityder påverkar delaktigheten hos brukare samt vilken betydelse dessa insikter har för den professionella utvecklingen. Vidare visade resultatet att vägledarrollen har uppmärksammat respondenterna på maktförhållanden som råder mellan deras habiliterare och brukare samt vilken roll vägledaren kan fylla när det kommer till att skapa förutsättningar för en ökad delaktighet hos brukare. Slutsats: Vägledarutbildningen har lett till att habiliterarna reflekterat kring yrkesrollen samt fått insikt i hur värderingar och attityder påverkar brukares delaktighet. Habiliterarna har även fått en ökad känsla av meningsfullhet och förståelse för uppdraget och därmed en större trygghet i yrkesrollen. Studien belyser även komplexiteten i habiliteraruppdraget och vikten av kompetensutveckling och kontinuerlig reflektion kring uppdraget. / Background: People with disability report a lower level of social participation than others. Getting support through the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS) lead to a dependency towards the support-staff. The Involvement Model is meant to increase the level of involvement among people with disabilities, with the guidance from trained facilitators. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how the experience from being a facilitator in The Involvement Model have come into use in the support- staff’s ordinary occupation in-group homes. Methods: A qualitative interview with an inductive approach was used. There were six participants in the study, one male and five female. All of them where support-staff in-group homes. Apart from the variation in gender, there was also a difference in age, level of education and professional experience among the participants. Results: The participants reported that their role as a facilitator had led to awareness about how values and attitudes effect the involvement among people with disabilities. The participants describe their experience as professional development. They also report that they see their occupation from a new perspective and have realized their role in facilitating involvement for people with disabilities. Conclusions: This study has showed that the experience the support-staff gained, through the facilitator-education, led to an awareness about their role in empowering involvement. They also reported an increased meaning and understanding in their professional role. This study can also contribute to show the complexity of the support-staffs role.