Title: How to Construct the Perfect Scandal – a study of the news reported by Expressen concerning the SD-scandal Author: Linnea Ivarsson This C-paper presents the incident concerning the political party Sverigedemokraterna in Expressen in November 2012. The newspaper was the main source of the news reporting with the mobile phone camera film from the occurance and led the way of the news reporting in Sweden about three party members. The paper investigates how the story telling of the so called SD-scandal was constructed, using Critical Discourse Analysis as the analysis method combined with selected parts from the analysis method of critical linguistics. The theories that have been used to establish the results of the analysis are Critical Discourse as a theory based on Norman Fairclough and Teun A. van Dijks theoretical keystones combined with Sigurd Allerns and Ester Pollacks theories and schematic point of view on the constructions of political scandals in media. With the theories and analysis methods above mentioned the results turned out to confirm the theory about how political scandals in media are constructed and designed with certain strategies and agenda. The authors of the articles in Expressen showed the reader that they throughout the process had a certain plan with the material the editors of the newspaper had before the scandal burst. The way they used quotes from the witnesses, the leader Jimmie Åkesson and from the political members combined with how they edited the mobile phone film and published it in a strategic way analyzed with the discourse analysis as a starting point showed that the newspaper constructed the roles and the discourse that were intermediated. Coincidences did not exist in this news reporting and the process from the first interview with the witness until the last article when some of the men were resigned seemed to have been strategically planned out even before the first article was published. In the conclusion of the paper it shows that Expressen seemed to have a well planned strategy in their news reporting of the three politicians in the film and the occurrences. Political scandals in media have looked the same for quite some time and by the result of this analysis it will still have the same construction since the outcome of this story was effective and profiting for the newspaper. At the same time, the discourse of hypocritical and lying politicians is effectively reproduced through how the reporting was constructed and angled. Even though racism might have seemed to be the main theme of the articles, the purpose seemed to have been to put the politicians in a precarious and almost unfixable situation, a process we have seen many times before in media.

There are three main purposes for this thesis; the first is to distinguish the possible violations that can occur in time of natural disasters. The second is to analyze if there is a correlation between political systems and how the effected country handles the aftermath of a natural disaster. The third purpose is to determine the role of the global community and what responsibility lies with them. The issue is often that the aid becomes the main object for discussion and analysis, but the focus rarely shifts to the effected State. Therefore the focus in this essay is the political system and how they cope with the human rights violations that can occur in a time of natural disaster. The questions are; what human rights are at risk of being violated during a natural disaster? What general impact do the different political systems have on how they handle the human rights violations that arises? In which ways can other countries assist in a natural disaster and what responsibility do the global communities have?To be able to discuss human rights, it is necessary to know one perspective of how they came to be. For this purpose, this thesis will explain human rights from the perspectives of Jack Donnelly and Ronald Dworkin. They speak about rights and obligations; Donnelly means to say that all rights are universal and Dworkin put rights in a perspective of equal respect and concern. Some of the rights violated in the aftermath of the natural disaster were the right to a family life, the right to personal security and the right to ones property. When analyzing the political systems and the responsibility of the world in the consequences of a natural disaster, I applied Ulla Erikson-Zeterqvists explanation of early institutional theory that implies tree conditions that make an organization successful. The first condition is where the administrative control lays, second the commitment of grassroots organizations and third, the participation of the local community. In this analysis the conclusion is that the political system is not the main factor in upholding human rights. The main factor is the stability of the State and what the State is willing to do for its citizens. The stability of the States determines the standard for what human rights mean and how the aid is structured. If the State is corrupted it makes it harder for the global community to assist. The countries history affects their behavior and in a time of crisis, the States true commitment is shown.

Denna kvalitativa undersökning handlar om fotografi vilket används som pedagogisk dokumentation i förskola. Studien problematiserar det som synliggörs i fotografierna genom pedagogernas samtal och fotograferande. Därmed undersöks hur medlet fotografi, kan formuleras in i ett pedagogiskt sammanhang och vilka specifika funktioner detta medium har när det används som dokumentation i förskolan. Studien undersöker också vad som avgör sorteringen och urvalet av dessa fotografier.   Resultatet visar att återkommande drag i de tagna fotografierna kan ses i relation till pedagogernas förhållningssätt. Fotografierna och pedagogernas samtal synliggör ett visst barnideal vilket kan erbjuda en identitet för barnen och verksamheten. Pedagogernas fotograferande är beroende och styrt av olika faktorer såsom deras yrkesmässiga etik, statliga, kommunala, lokala och personliga styrningsfält. Pedagogernas sätt att fotografera visar också en asymmetrisk maktrelation mellan dem och barnen. Resultaten tyder på att pedagogerna till en viss del har en bristfällig seendekompetens gällande bildläsning. Den fotografiska dokumentationen kräver, för att den skall vara pedagogisk, reflektion och medvetenhet mellan alla aktörer samt tydliga budskap och framställningsformer.

Denna kvalitativa undersökning handlar om fotografi vilket används som pedagogisk dokumentation i förskola. Studien problematiserar det som synliggörs i fotografierna genom pedagogernas samtal och fotograferande. Därmed undersöks hur medlet fotografi, kan formuleras in i ett pedagogiskt sammanhang och vilka specifika funktioner detta medium har när det används som dokumentation i förskolan. Studien undersöker också vad som avgör sorteringen och urvalet av dessa fotografier. Resultatet visar att återkommande drag i de tagna fotografierna kan ses i relation till pedagogernas förhållningssätt. Fotografierna och pedagogernas samtal synliggör ett visst barnideal vilket kan erbjuda en identitet för barnen och verksamheten. Pedagogernas fotograferande är beroende och styrt av olika faktorer såsom deras yrkesmässiga etik, statliga, kommunala, lokala och personliga styrningsfält. Pedagogernas sätt att fotografera visar också en asymmetrisk maktrelation mellan dem och barnen. Resultaten tyder på att pedagogerna till en viss del har en bristfällig seendekompetens gällande bildläsning. Den fotografiska dokumentationen kräver, för att den skall vara pedagogisk, reflektion och medvetenhet mellan alla aktörer samt tydliga budskap och framställningsformer.

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Diss. Stockholm : Univ., 2004. / Projekt: Genus, medborgarskap och offentlig politik 1848-1998. S. 363-394: Bibliografi.

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ABSTRACT Essay in political science, C-level by Cecilia Holmberg Spring semester 2006, Tutor: Arne Larsson - Ideological similarities between the Swedish Socialdemocratic and the Swedish conservative party - An idealanalysis of different political issues The purpose of this essay is to examine wheater the political ideologies have lost their importance in the Swedish political system. The study will focus on the ideological similarities or differences between the two largest parties in Sweden, the socialdemocratic and the conservative party. Therefore, the main research question is:  Are there any ideological similarities or differences between the socialdemocratic and the conservative party? To be able to answer this question, I have used Herbert Tingsten’s idealanalysis. This type of analysis examines how someone, in this case a political party, describes reality. The analysis also examines what the different parties’ values and goals are and what actions they recommend to achieve that particular value and goal. This will grant a good perspective of the two parties opinons in different issues. The reason why I have choosen different issues instead of different programs, are that the issues are more concrete and therefore easier to examine. They are also recommended by Tingsten, he means that the parties have the same values and goals, there are only in the actions that there is a difference between the parties. These differences are easier differentiated when the actions are studied in the issues. The issues that this essay is going to explore are labour-market, education, treatment and criminality. The conclusion of this essay is that there are ideological similarities between the socialdemocratic and the conservative party in these issues. It seems that both the socialdemocratic and the conservative party have similar goals and values. However, they recommend different actions to acchieve these goals and values.

Zapatiströrelsen är en social/politisk/revolutionär rörelse i delstaten Chiapas, Mexiko. De genomförde sin första och enda väpnade attack den 1 januari 1994 efter årtionden av organisering i Laconadadjungeln i Chiapas. Zapatiströrelsens organisering grundar sig i århundraden av förtryck av ursprungsbefolkningarna och i den sedan länge pågående konflikten om land. I och med upproret krävde de demokrati, frihet och rättvisa, politisk och territoriell självbestämmanderätt samt rättigheter för ursprungsbefolkningarna i Mexiko. Samtidigt höjde kvinnorna rösten och krävde ett mer jämlikt och rättvist samhälle och de lade fram den revolutionära kvinnolagen vilket blev startskottet för en växande kvinnorörelse som kom att sträcka sig långt utanför Chiapas gränser. Uppsatsens syfte är att belysa zapatistkvinnornas organisering och kamp samt hur Zapatiströrelsens framväxt bidragit till förändring av könsroller och maktstrukturer. Uppsatsen bygger främst på antropologisk litteratur och artiklar och genomsyras av postkoloniala feministiska teorier.

Regionalization has become a catchphrase in European countries during the last twenty years with the establishment of the European Union. An ideational development has occurred during time towards emphasing more politicially powerful regions with the idea of new regionalism. Sweden represents a deviant case study, where regions historically have been politically weak and where Sweden has been characterized as a strong unitary state. The aim of this paper is to analyze the political debate in the Swedish parliament concerning the implementation of a stronger regional level (storregioner) during 2007-2010 and to determine if the debate can be characterized as a case of depoliticalization. The theory of depoliticalization have been introduced by Richard Katz and Peter Mair to explain why political parties through external pressure from europeanisation and globalization tend to become more consensual with similar political agendas, leading to a diminished the lef-right scale. This external pressure is argued to also constrain the ability to shape policies on a national level. Political parties are argued in this context to seek to delegate political issues and areas to other political arenas. Three clearly specified questions have been used to qualitatively analyze how the political parties argue concerning the issue of regionalization. The theoretical framework in this paper is based on two conflicting core ideas of regional politics, depoliticalization based on new regionalism and politicalization based on old regionalism to analyze the political debate. Depoliticalization emphasizes technocratic ideas and a minimized state, and where politicalization emphasizes the idea of a strong and active state in regional politics.  The findings in this study suggest that the political debate concerning regionalization can not be seen as a case of depoliticalization, where the rhetoric of the parties differs in two of the three questions. But the political parties share to a high degree a similar argumentation why a regional reform is necessary through technocratic arguments and by pointing to a weakening state pressured by europeanization in need of reform.