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1	Desidratação osmótica como alternativa tecnológica para a preservação do gengibre SIQUEIRA, Leonardo Pereira de 31 January 2014 (has links) Submitted by Daniella Sodre (daniella.sodre@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-08T18:54:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Leonardo Pereira de Siqueira.pdf: 1425392 bytes, checksum: b75c6f73d554c5d23d5f95ff3d7193eb (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T18:54:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Leonardo Pereira de Siqueira.pdf: 1425392 bytes, checksum: b75c6f73d554c5d23d5f95ff3d7193eb (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O gengibre é uma planta cujo rizoma tem ampla aceitação na indústria de cosméticos, alimentos e bebidas, além de ser bastante empregado na medicina popular. Após a colheita, a qualidade dos rizomas é reduzida acarretando perdas significativas na qualidade e no tempo de permanência do produto nas prateleiras. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi otimizar o processo de desidratação osmótica do Gengibre. Na implementação foram realizados estudos por meio de planejamento fracionário 27-3 e 23, para avaliar a influência das variáveis independentes: temperatura, concentração da solução osmótica, tempo de imersão, NaCl, geometria de corte, cobertura de alginato e agitação sobre a perda de umidade (PU), o ganho de sólidos (GS) e o índice de desidratação osmótica (IED). Após esta etapa, com objetivo de encontrar as melhores condições de desidratação osmótica para o gengibre, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 23, para a determinação do melhor tempo de imersão, temperatura e concentração da solução osmótica para processamento. Um planejamento fatorial 22 foi realizado para avaliar a influência das variáveis tempo de imersão e concentração do agente osmótico sobre os coeficientes de difusão da água e da sacarose. Os resultados demonstraram que a presença de NaCl, cobertura, o geometria de corte e a agitação não influenciaram significativamente a perda de umidade e o ganho de sólidos (p>0,05). Entretanto, baixos tempos de imersão e temperatura, associados à alta concentração da solução osmótica resultam em significativa redução do ganho de solutos e satisfatória perda de umidade. As melhores condições encontradas para desidratação osmótica do gengibre foram temperatura 34°C, concentração 44°Brix e tempo de imersão 120 minutos. Em relação aos coeficientes de difusão, ambos foram influenciados pelo tempo de imersão, porém, a concentração do agente osmótico influenciou apenas o coeficiente de difusão da sacarose. Com estes parâmetros, a desidratação osmótica demonstrou ser eficaz para a redução da umidade de gengibres, podendo ser uma alternativa para aumentar a vida útil deste produto. Zingiber officinale Roscoe Desidratação Tratamento osmótico
2	Caracterização parcial do extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre e seu efeito na fragmentação de miofibrilas em carne de frango. CRUZ, P. L. 26 February 2018 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10545_Resumo da Dissertação Final de Mestrado - Pamela Lemos Cruz PDF.pdf: 54746 bytes, checksum: 9b07e45028c075c94922e97626462fcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / A aplicação de proteases é de interesse da indústria de alimentos e o gengibre é uma das fontes vegetais da qual se extrai uma protease de cisteína que tem aplicação na melhoria da textura da carne. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre, avaliar sua atividade proteolítica em proteínas miofibrilares extraídas do músculo Pectoralis major de frango de corte. Posteriormente, foram testados três tratamentos para avaliar seu efeito quando aplicado em peito de frango: Controle (peito de frango), peito de frango adicionado de 5% (m/v) de tampão fosfato 100 mM (pH 7,0) e peito de frango adicionado de 5% (m/v) de extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre. Foram determinados textura instrumental, índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (IFM), comprimento de fragmentos miofibrilares (MFL), comprimento de sarcômero e rendimento pós-cocção. O extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre apresentou temperatura ótima de 60 °C e pH ótimo de 5,5. O extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre apresentou atividade residual de 55,4% a 70 °C e mais de 55% em pH variando de 6 a 8. No estudo cinético utilizando a azocaseína como substrato, foram encontrados valores de Vmax de 23,50 U.mL-1 e Km de 3,47 mg. mL-1. Para o extrato miofibrilar como substrato, foram encontrados valores para Vmax de 1,29 U.mL-1 e Km de 21,48 mg. mL-1, indicando uma menor especificidade do extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre por este substrato. Não houve diferença significativa (p≥0,05) entre os tratamentos para comprimento de sarcômero e rendimento pós-cocção. Houve redução no valor de textura instrumental (p<0,05) e aumento no índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (p<0,01) do tratamento com 5% (m/v) de extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre em relação aos demais tratamentos. Por microscopia de contraste de fases, observou-se que as amostras tratadas com 5% (m/v) de extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre apresentaram miofibrilas com maior grau de fragmentação em comparação com os demais tratamentos, apresentando comprimentos de 4,542 μm, 11,324 μm (Controle) e 10,893 μm para peito de frango adicionado de 5% de tampão fosfato 100 mM (pH 7,0). A aplicação de 5% de extrato enzimático bruto de gengibre em peito de frango, portanto, promoveu a fragmentação das miofibrilas e a redução da força de cisalhamento sem alterar excessivamente a textura da carne e resultar em diminuição do rendimento pós-cocção dos cortes. atividade proteolítica Zingiber officinale Roscoe textura
3	Estudo dos efeitos comportamentais, neuroquÃmicos e tÃxicos do Ãleo essencial de Zingiber officinale Roscoe / Study of the behavioral, neurochemical and toxic effects from the essential oil of Zingiber officinale Roscoe CÃcero Francisco Bezerra Felipe 02 February 2004 (has links) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O Gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Ã uma planta bastante apreciada em todo o mundo, nÃo apenas como um condimento, mas tambÃm por suas importantes propriedades medicinais. Os efeitos comportamentais e neuroquÃmicos do Ãleo essencial do gengibre - OEG foram estudados em camundongos tratados diariamente com o Ãleo essencial de gengibre (OEG 25, 50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o.). No sÃtimo dia de tratamento foram realizados os testes do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), campo aberto (CA), rota rod (RR), esquiva-passiva (EP) e teste dos tremores induzidos por oxotremorina. No oitavo dia do protocolo, os animais que receberam OEG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) foram sacrificados para o estudo dos efeitos neuroquÃmicos do OEG em hipocampo e corpo estriado. Os efeitos tÃxicos do OEG foram estudados em camundongos (tratados com Ãnica administraÃÃo de OEG 200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, i.p.) e ratos (nos quais foi induzida lesÃo hepÃtica por CCl4, e tratados com OEG 50, 100 e 200 mg/Kg, i.p. em Ãnica administraÃÃo). Os resultados mostraram que o OEG nÃo possui efeito ansiolÃtico de acordo com o modelo do LCE; no CA, o OEG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) apresentou efeito sedativo ao reduzir o NC, o NG e NR em 37%, 28% e 75%, respectivamente. Foi observada, tambÃm, a ocorrÃncia de efeito dose-dependente da droga, cujo efeito mÃximo parece ser obtido com a dose de 100 mg/Kg (i.p.). A administraÃÃo oral do OEG tambÃm produziu sedaÃÃo, porÃm o efeito sÃ foi observado no grupo tratado com a dose maior do Ãleo essencial. No modelo do RR, o OEG nÃo produziu alteraÃÃo significativa na coordenaÃÃo motora dos animais tratados. No modelo da EP, o OEG produziu um dano cognitivo nos animais tratados com a dose de 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o. Mesmo apÃs 24 horas da administraÃÃo da droga, o dano ainda era evidente. Quando associado Ã escopolamina, o OEG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o.) potencializou o efeito amnÃsico da droga. O efeito anticolinÃrgico do OEG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) foi comprovado ao reverter os tremores induzidos por oxotremorina em camundongos. Em relaÃÃo aos efeitos neuroquÃmicos do OEG em corpo estriado, a droga diminuiu a concentraÃÃo de DA, aumentou NE, DOPAC e 5HT em 40%, 22%, 15% e 81%, respectivamente. No hipocampo observou-se que houve uma diminuiÃÃo de DA, DOPAC e um aumento de 5HT em 75%, 64% e 81%, respectivamente. A diminuiÃÃo de DA no corpo estriado explicaria o efeito sedativo da droga, e o conjunto de alteraÃÃes observadas no hipocampo parece contribuir tambÃm para o efeito amÃsico do OEG. O estudo dos efeitos tÃxicos do OEG revelou que a droga Ã relativamente segura e destituÃda de efeitos tÃxicos significativos nos protocolos utilizados no presente estudo. A administraÃÃo aguda do Ãleo essencial (200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, i.p.) nÃo produziu outro efeito sobre os animais, a nÃo ser a sedaÃÃo, efeito jÃ observado com doses menores do Ãleo essencial. A administraÃÃo diÃria do OEG tambÃm nÃo produziu efeitos tÃxicos alÃm de diarrÃia observada nos animais tratados com a droga nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. e v.o. O OEG (200 mg/Kg, i.p.) mostrou-se efetivo ao reverter a lesÃo hepÃtica induzida por CCl4 em ratos. O tratamento com o Ãleo essencial na dose de 200 mg/Kg, i.p. reduziu em 35% e 23% a atividade das enzimas ALT e AST, respectivamente. O OEG parece exercer a aÃÃo hepatoprotetora ao combater a peroxidaÃÃo lipÃdica gerada pelo metabolismo hepÃtico do CCl4 que produz radicais livres, altamente lesivos / Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a plant largely used around the world, not just as a spice, but also for its medicinal properties. The behavioral and neurochemical effects were studied in mice daily administered with the essential oil of Ginger (EOG 25, 50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o.). In the 7th day of treatment, it was assessed the elevated-plus maze (EPM), open field (OF) rota rod (RR), passive avoidance (PA) and oxotremorine-induce tremor tests, to evaluate the behavioral effects of the drug. In the 8th day of the protocol, mice that received EOG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) were killed to study the neurochemical effects of EOG on hipoccampus and striatum. Toxic effects of EOG were studied in mice (that received a single administration of EOG 200, 400 e 800 mg/Kg, i.p.), and rats (with hepatic injury induced by CCl4, and treated with EOG 50, 100 e 200 mg/Kg, i.p. in a single administration). Results showed that OEG does not have anxiolytic effects on EPM test; in OF test, EOG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p.) showed a sedative effect, decreasing the number of crossings, grooming and rearing in 37%, 28% and 75%, respectively, with OEG 100 mg/Kg. It was also observed a dose-dependent effect of the drug, which maximum effect observed with 100 mg/Kg (i.p.) of the drug. The oral administration of EOG also induced a sedative effect, occuring only in the group treated with the highest dose of the essential oil. In RR test, EOG did not induce any significant alteration on motor coordination of the animals. In PA test, EOG produced a cognitive impairment in animals treated with EOG100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o. Even 24h after the drug administration, the cognitive impairment was still evident. When associated with scopolamine, EOG (50 e 100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o.) potentiated the amnesic effect of scopolamine. The anticholinergic effect of EOG (100 mg/Kg, i.p.) was proved to reverse the tremors induced by oxotremorine in mice. EOG, in striatum decreased DA and increased the concentrations of DOPAC, NE and 5HT in 40%, 15%, 22% and 81%, respectively. In hippocampus, OEG decreased DA, DOPAC and increased 5HT in 75%, 64% e 81%, respectively. The decrease of DA in striatum justifies the sedative effect of the drug and the aterations observed on hipoccampus seem to contribute to the amnesic effect of EOG. The study of toxic effects of EOG showed that the drug is relatively safe and it does not have any toxic effects, according to the protocols established in the present work. The acute administration of the essential oil (200, 400 and 800 mg/Kg, i.p.) did not induce any other toxic effect besides sedation. The daily administration of EOG did not produce any toxic effect, besides the diarrhea, observed in animals that received EOG 50 and 100 mg/Kg, i.p. and p.o. EOG (200 mg/Kg, i.p.) was effective in reversing the hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in rats. The treatment with the essential oil (200 mg/Kg, i.p.) reduced in 35% and 23% the activity of the enzymes ALT and AST, respectively. EOG seems to exert its hepatoprotective action by decreasing lipid peroxidation generated by the hepatic metabolism of CCl4, wich produces extremely danous free radicals Zingiber officinale Roscoe MemÃria Escopolamina Oxotremorina Pilocarpina Zingiber officinale Roscoe Memory Scopolamine Oxotremorine Pilocarpine FARMACOLOGIA
4	CARACTERIZAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE LARVICIDA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DO Zingiber officinale Roscoe (GENGIBRE) FRENTE AO MOSQUITO Aedes aegypti / CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Zingiber Officinale Roscoe (GINGER) FRONT MOSQUITO Aedes Aegypti Silva, Andreson Leandro Santana 08 August 2012 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Andreson08082012.pdf: 1844682 bytes, checksum: 1485a61319b70e011d9bd42a516134df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-08 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / Looking for the chemical alternative control against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, several researches are developed and stimulated aiming discover new insecticide substances of vegetal origin. In this work, from the extraction and analytical study of the essential oil of the rhizomes of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe, the larvicidal effect of the oil against larvas in third phase of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792) was analyzed. The essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistilation. The essential oil physical-chemical proprieties (density, refraction rate, solubility, color and appearance) was determined. The oil was analytically characterized by infra-red (FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled to spectrometer of mass (CG-EM). The oil s CL50 was calculated from the Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950) methods, respectively. The oil yield was 0.52% m/v. 18 components were identified in the oil, and the major presence of α- zingiberene was confirmed by the spectroscopic technics. The essential oil got CL50 76.07 (±2,24) μg mL-1. The results indicate that the essential oil evaluated is compound by substances that propitiate larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti. / Na procura pelo controle químico alternativo contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti, diversas pesquisas são desenvolvidas e estimuladas no intuito de descobrirem novas substâncias inseticidas de origem vegetal. Neste trabalho a partir da extração e do estudo analítico do óleo essencial dos rizomas do Zingiber officinale Roscoe, foi analisado o efeito larvicida do óleo contra larvas em terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792). Extraiu-se quantitativamente o óleo essencial por hidrodestilação. Determinaram-se as propriedades físico-químicas do óleo essencial (densidade, índice de refração, solubilidade, cor e aparência). Caracterizou-se analiticamente o óleo por infravermelho (FTIR) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Calculou-se a CL50 do óleo, a partir dos métodos de Reed-Muench (1938) e Pizzi (1950), respectivamente. O rendimento do óleo foi de 0,52% m/v. Foram identificados 18 componentes no óleo, e a presença majoritária do α- zingibereno foi confirmada pelas técnicas espectroscópica. O óleo essencial obteve CL50 de 76,07 (±2,24) μg mL-1 Os resultados indicam que o óleo essencial avaliado é composto por substâncias que propiciam efeito larvicida contra Aedes aegypti. Óleo essencial Rizomas Zingiber officinale Roscoe Atividade larvicida Aedes aegypti Essential oil Rhizomes Zingiber officinale Roscoe Larvicidal activity Aedes aegypti
5	The “Fatty” Arbuckle Scandal, Will Hays, and Negotiated Morality in 1920s America Whitehead, Aaron T. 01 May 2015 (has links) In the autumn of 1921, silent film comedian Roscoe “Fatty” Arbuckle was arrested for the rape and murder of a model and actress named Virginia Rappé. The ensuing scandal created a firestorm of controversy not just around Arbuckle but the entire motion picture industry. Religious and moral reformers seized upon the scandal to decry the decline of “traditional” moral values taking place throughout American society in the aftermath of World War I. The scandal created a common objective for an anti-film coalition representing diverse social and religious groups, all dedicated to bringing about change in the motion picture industry through public pressure, boycotts, and censorship legislation. In the face of this threat, the film industry created the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association, with Republican strategist Will Hays as its president. Hays worked to incorporate moral reformers into his new organization, giving them an outlet for their complaints while simultaneously co-opting and defusing their reform agenda. Hays’ use of public relations as the means to institute self-regulation within the motion picture industry enabled Hollywood to survive the Arbuckle scandal and continue to thrive. It also set up the mechanism by which the industry has effectively negotiated public discontent ever since. Popular Culture Film History Roscoe Arbuckle Will Hays Film Censorship American Film Studies American Popular Culture Cultural History
6	Hoary-Headed Saints: the Aged in Nineteenth-Century Mormon Culture Reeves, Brian D. 01 January 1987 (has links) (PDF) This study paints a picture of prevalent attitudes toward the Mormon elderly in the nineteenth century. It identifies some characteristics of the aged population, and discusses feelings expressed by individual older persons about different aspects of their lives. It is a first step in gaining a greater understanding of how they fit into the larger pictures of old age and the Mormon Church in nineteenth century America. Older Mormons Salt Lake City Utah Old Folks' Committee George Goddard 1815-1899 C. R. Savage Charles Roscoe 1832-1909 History Mormon Studies Sociology
7	Listening with the Unknown: Unforming the World with Slave Ears and the Musical Works Not-In-Between (2020) The Sound of Listening (2020) The Sound of Music (2022) Cox, Jessie January 2024 (has links) Advances in technologies of voice profiling shed new light on questions of listening and its entanglement with antiblackness as a structuring paradigm of modernity. To contest current conceptions of listening with regards to the question of race and antiblackness while also shining light on the potentials offered by blackness, this dissertation engages listening at three distinct sites that are entangled with this modern question of voice profiling AI. In the process, this dissertation elaborates on the ethical stakes involved in listening itself. Chapter 1 excavates the way in which the ears of enslaved Black lives were ritualized. It centers an analysis of the role of the punishment of ear cropping and how this performed both a claim over slaves’ belonging and an inhibition on their freedom. Scholarship from Hebrew law aids in uncovering the meaning of the specific form of punishment. The chapter concludes by comparing the conception of slaves’ ears to Black artistic expressions such as Harriet Jacobs’s various methods of narration in Incidents of a Slave Girl and Blind Tom Wiggins’ unique use of clusters and graphic notation in Battle of Manassas, so as to demonstrate their methods of resistance and refusal to a claimed all-encompassing regime of listening. Chapter 2 engages modern notions of sound and listening. The way in which sound is theorized and engaged in modern digital technologies is entangled with the conception of what listening is and what it entails. Hermann von Helmholtz provides an axis after which sound and listening, as well as the relation between an inner world of perceptions and an outer world of sensations, has to be engaged as a question of listening as entangled in societal questions. The chapter critically elaborates alongside questions of categorical distinction in sound, such as the use of skull shapes as referents for AI listening, instrument classification systems, and the general question of the form of sound, or sound as object. The concluding Chapter 3 discusses, alongside Sylvia Wynter’s work and Roscoe Mitchell’s piece S II Examples (date) the kinds of questions we must pose in the development of modern AI listening technologies to move past antiblackness. Immanuel Kant’s theorizing of race and his influence on Johann Friedrich Blumenbach’s classification of skulls relate tomodern voice profiling AI technology directly through the question of using cranial shapes. Wynter’s work challenges both a turn to varieties that do not allow the addressing of structural antiblackness, and a continuation of claims to proper knowledge on the basis of antiblackness. Ultimately, Wynter aids us in hearing Mitchell’s continual shapeshifting practice on the saxophone as a proposal towards a refiguring of our conception of sound, listening, and us. Music Music and race Racism and the arts Racism against Black people Slaves--Social conditions Listening--Study and teaching Listening (Philosophy) Artificial intelligence Automatic speech recognition African Americans--Music Helmholtz, Hermann von, 1821-1894 Blind Tom, 1849-1908 Wynter, Sylvia Mitchell, Roscoe, 1940-
8	A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity Tyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links) American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior. The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent. The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will. Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil. natural law theory legal positivism HLA Hart William Blackstone John Locke Jeremy Bentham John Austin Galileo Socrates Trotsky Athens Soviet law Stuart dynasty John Dewey Dewey Commission Sidney Hook Congregation of the Holy Office Galileo Affair trial of Socrates Moscow Trials trial of Galileo heresy trial of Trotsky reason autonomy consent philosophy of law pragmatism Kant Inquisition ostracism Anaxagoras Protagoras Alcibiades Arginusae Pericles Peloponnesian War Solon Ephialtes Apology Plato Herodotus Xenophon Plutarch Roscoe Pound common law Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. The Common Law The Path of the Law Learned Hand Christopher Columbus Langdell Ronald Dworkin Lon Fuller Lenin Stalin King Rex Sergei Kirov Permanent Revolution Socialism in One Country Great Terror Dekulakization Holomodor Terror Famine Italian positivist school Harold J. Berman Gustav Radbruch Ramon Mercader Trotsky assassination Marteman Ryutin Old Bolsheviks Genrikh Yagoda Pope Urban VIII Walter Duranty Harold Denny New York Times Joseph E. Davies Mission to Moscow New Republic John F. Finerty Lev Sedov Military Collegium Vasili Ulrikh Gaspare Borgia Cardinal Robert Bellarmine Pericles Father Commissary Michelangelo Segizzi Cardinal Francesco Barberini Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Siderius Nuncius Starry Messenger Accademia dei Lincei Letters on Sunspots Friar Tommaso Caccini Niccolo Lorini Commentaries on the Laws of England Second Treatise on Civil Government Henry de Bracton Sir Edward Coke Sir John Fortescue Matthew Hale Ranulf de Glanvil James I Charles I James II Charles II ship money forest fines distraint of knighthood impositions dispensing power royal prerogative Duke of Buckingham Oliver Cromwell Bishops Wars William Prynne Great Migration Declaration of Indulgence Settlement Act Test Act Protectorate Clarendon Code Quaker Act William and Mary English Civil War Puritan Revolution Glorious Revolution Thirty Years' War Earl of Shaftesbuty William Laud Historiomatrix Long Parliament Rump Parliament Barebones Parliament sociological jurisprudence Red Terror war communism New Economic Policy 1926 Criminal Code Kirov Amendments judicial discretion semantic sting The Concept of Law Fragments on Government The Province of Jurisprudence Determined A Fragment on Government Anarchical Fallacies primary rules secondary rules rule of recognition legal validity internal point of view external point of view law as prediction the bad man perspective on law life of the law page of history Basilikon Doron Trew Law of Free Monarchies

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