<p><em>Syftet </em>med föreliggande studie var att ge en djupare förståelse för några unga kvinnors syn på könsroller och könsskillnader i relation till sin egen självbild, i dagens samhälle. De <em>frågeställningar</em> studien baserats på var: Hur uppfattade de unga kvinnorna könsskillnader och könsroller i samhället? På vilket sätt har de tagit till sig dessa i sin egen könsroll? Hur såg kvinnorna på sina framtida möjligheter som ung kvinna idag? Teoretiskt utgick studien främst från ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och forskning om utveckling av självbilden, men även utvecklingspsykologisk och kognitiv forskning till viss del. Det metodologiska angreppssätt som användes var en semistrukturerad intervjumetod. Intervjuernas längd varierade mellan</p><p>25 – 45 minuter och urvalet bestod av fyra kvinnliga studenter. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna upplevde att det fanns könsroller och könsskillnader i dagens samhälle, att detta påverkade relationerna till andra människor och att kraven på den unga kvinnan var stora. Resultatet visade även att det egna valet, att göra det man själv vill, var viktigt för intervjupersonerna. Diskussionen berörde det egna valet, utveckling av en självbild, den kvinnliga könsrollen och samhällets krav på den unga kvinnan.</p> / <p><em>The purpose </em>of this study was to get a deeper understanding of some young women’s visions of gender roles and gender differences in relation to their own self image, in today’s society. The <em>questions </em>that the study was based on were: How did the young women apprehend gender differences and gender roles in the society? In which ways had they put these in their own gender role? How did the women look at their future possibilities as a young woman today? Theoretically the study mainly assumed from a social psychologically point of view and research about the development of the self image, but also assumed from research in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology at some points. The methodologically approach used, was a semi structured interview method. The length of the interviews differed between 25 - 45 minutes and the selection consisted of four female students. The results of the study revealed that the informants experienced that there were gender roles and gender differences in today’s society, which effects the relations to other people and that the demands put on the young female gender were considered large. The results also revealed that one’s own choice, to do what you wish, was important to the informants. The discussion touched one’s own choice, development of a self image, the female gender role and the demands of the society put on young women.</p>

<p>This dissertation addresses party-culture in political parties represented in the Swedish parliament. Party-culture is investigated by studying collective self-images and norms in Swedish parliamentary party-groups (PPG). The aim of this investigation is to contribute to understanding of the conditions under which parliamentary work is carried out. In order to expand our understanding of these conditions this dissertation looks beyond the formal processes by which party-groups deliver their political message and make decisions, and instead highlights the cultural aspects of these party organizations in the parliament.</p><p>The method of analysis is qualitative and the material for the study consists of 53 interviews with members of parliament from all represented parties. The parties studied are thus the Social Democratic, Moderate, Liberal, Christian Democrats, Left, Centre, and Green. In addition, some participant observation for the 1998-2002 mandate period in used. </p><p>The empirical investigation shows that party-culture is revealed via four basic themes: political ability, feelings of political responsibility, the importance social fellowship, and the party’s strength in relation to individual party members. </p><p>The party’s culture based on the four themes noted above provides a theoretical structure for interpretation that combines an Aristotelian idea about basic knowledge types, <i>sophia</i> and <i>phronesis</i>, with cultural theorists Mary Douglas’ grid-group-analysis. Based on this interpretation method it is shown that party-cultures distinguish themselves from each other in a way that diverges from the left-right spectrum that dominates Swedish politics. At the same time as the parties demonstrate differences in party-culture, there are also some similarities between the parties, and these similarities suggest that the parties have adjusted themselves to a more general culture within the parliament, most visibly the focus on factual knowledge and a certain requirement for modesty from party members.</p>

This anthology covers subjects such as beeing involuntary sterile, adoption, coping with desease, death and anxiety. All chapters are based on observations and interviews analyzed with Grounded Theory. Our aim with the anthology is to tell the subjective story of individuals focusing on aspects such as crisis, conditions of living and identity. We chose to work from these aspects as we find the processes that creates and re-creates the identity and self-image in induviduals interesting. We also focus an society’s means for helping persons in crisis. / Denna antologi berör ämnen som ofrivillig barnlöshet, adoption, att gå vidare, efterlevande till en individ som plötsligt gått bort, att förlora en närstående, samt uppkomst av ångest. Samtliga kapitel är baserade på observationer och intervjuer som analyserats med hjälp av Grounded Theory. Vårt syfte med antologin är att beskriva hur våra informanter har upplevt och talar om en specifik situation som förändrat deras liv. Vi skall utifrån våra fallstudier beskriva individernas tankar och känslor om deras livssituation genom att beröra aspekter såsom kris, livsvillkor och identitet. Kriserna ska speglas ur ett individperspektiv med betoning på livsvillkor. Vi har valt att arbeta utifrån dessa aspekter då det som intresserar oss är de processer som skapar och omskapar identiteten och självuppfattningen hos individer. Vi intresserar oss även för samhällets medel för att hjälpa individer i krissituationer.

Det är få individer som väljer att inte studera vidare på gymnasiet efter grundskolan. Det `val´ elever har som inte är behöriga men vill gå på ett nationellprogram på gymnasiet är det Individuella programmet (IV). Syftet med denna uppsats är att synliggöra elevers upplevelser av att studera på IV. En kvalitativintervjustudie har använts och resultatet visar att elevers självbild påverkas av att gå på IV. Respondenterna som gick på IV hade ofta en negativ självbild, som påverkats av flera olika faktorer. Under tiden på IV förbättrades deras motivation till studier, vilket märktes bland annat på ökad närvaro jämfört med i grundskolan. Den ökade motivationen berodde på en stärkt tilltro till den egna förmågan. Detta har skett tack vare att respondenterna brutit mönster, haft engagerad personal och att de hade framgång inom områden där de tidigare misslyckats. / Very few students chose to not continue school after 9th grade. The ones that lack grades for upper secondary school, have the option go to an individual program (IV) to get them. The purpose with this thesis is to make students experiences from IV visible. A qualitative interview method has been used. The result shows that the pupils at IV have a low self-image. During the time at IV the respondent’s motivation gets stronger because of enlarged self efficacy. That’s because of engage staff and success in areas that the individual was unsuccessful in earlier.

Abstract Evidence based research has shown that organized parent support programmes have a good effect in strengthening the role of the parent and preventing problems during growth. This in turn has a great significance for Public Health. Komet is one of the evidence based programmes used in Sweden, based on American programmes and adapted to Swedish conditions. This qualitative study consists of interviews with six children between six and nine years with behaviour problems, whose parents have taken part in the Komet programme. With Grounded Theory as research approach the children’s experiences of the programme and relations within the family have been looked into and analysed. The result of this study suggests that a space for growth of their own is a common need of the children, and that this can be achieved by giving them the opportunity to function in a family environment where they are seen and understood. The Komet programme contributed to this by giving the family tools to strengthen relations within the family, create calm and make the children more visible. The self image of the children in this study had improved which gave them more room to grow in a strengthened family situation. This in turn improved conditions for good feelings, and sense of well being, of importance for child development and health. / Sammanfattning Evidensbaserad forskning har visat att organiserade föräldrastödsprogram ger god effekt när det gäller att stärka föräldrarollen och därmed förebygga problem under uppväxten. Detta har i sin tur stor betydelse för den framtida folkhälsan. Komet är ett av de evidensbaserade föräldrastödsprogram som används i Sverige idag och som utgår från amerikanska föräldrastödsprogram, anpassade till svenska förhållanden. Den här kvalitativa studien bygger på intervjuer med sex barn mellan 6 och 9 år med beteendeproblem, vars föräldrar deltagit i Komet-programmet. Med grundad teori som ansats har barnens upplevelser av programmet och relationerna i familjen undersökts och analyserats. Resultatet av studien visar att det gemensamma för barnen var behovet av ett eget utrymme att växa i, men att förutsättningen för detta var att de gavs möjlighet att fungera i ett familjesammanhang där de blev sedda och förstådda. Kometprogrammet bidrog till detta genom att ge familjen verktyg för att stärka familjerelationerna, skapa större lugn och göra barnen mer synliga. Självbilden hos barnen i studien förbättrades vilket gav större rum att växa i en stärkt familjesituation. Detta skapade förutsättningar för de goda känslor av glädje och välbefinnande, som har betydelse för barns utveckling och psykiska hälsa.

This dissertation addresses party-culture in political parties represented in the Swedish parliament. Party-culture is investigated by studying collective self-images and norms in Swedish parliamentary party-groups (PPG). The aim of this investigation is to contribute to understanding of the conditions under which parliamentary work is carried out. In order to expand our understanding of these conditions this dissertation looks beyond the formal processes by which party-groups deliver their political message and make decisions, and instead highlights the cultural aspects of these party organizations in the parliament. The method of analysis is qualitative and the material for the study consists of 53 interviews with members of parliament from all represented parties. The parties studied are thus the Social Democratic, Moderate, Liberal, Christian Democrats, Left, Centre, and Green. In addition, some participant observation for the 1998-2002 mandate period in used. The empirical investigation shows that party-culture is revealed via four basic themes: political ability, feelings of political responsibility, the importance social fellowship, and the party’s strength in relation to individual party members. The party’s culture based on the four themes noted above provides a theoretical structure for interpretation that combines an Aristotelian idea about basic knowledge types, sophia and phronesis, with cultural theorists Mary Douglas’ grid-group-analysis. Based on this interpretation method it is shown that party-cultures distinguish themselves from each other in a way that diverges from the left-right spectrum that dominates Swedish politics. At the same time as the parties demonstrate differences in party-culture, there are also some similarities between the parties, and these similarities suggest that the parties have adjusted themselves to a more general culture within the parliament, most visibly the focus on factual knowledge and a certain requirement for modesty from party members.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att ge en djupare förståelse för några unga kvinnors syn på könsroller och könsskillnader i relation till sin egen självbild, i dagens samhälle. De frågeställningar studien baserats på var: Hur uppfattade de unga kvinnorna könsskillnader och könsroller i samhället? På vilket sätt har de tagit till sig dessa i sin egen könsroll? Hur såg kvinnorna på sina framtida möjligheter som ung kvinna idag? Teoretiskt utgick studien främst från ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och forskning om utveckling av självbilden, men även utvecklingspsykologisk och kognitiv forskning till viss del. Det metodologiska angreppssätt som användes var en semistrukturerad intervjumetod. Intervjuernas längd varierade mellan 25 – 45 minuter och urvalet bestod av fyra kvinnliga studenter. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna upplevde att det fanns könsroller och könsskillnader i dagens samhälle, att detta påverkade relationerna till andra människor och att kraven på den unga kvinnan var stora. Resultatet visade även att det egna valet, att göra det man själv vill, var viktigt för intervjupersonerna. Diskussionen berörde det egna valet, utveckling av en självbild, den kvinnliga könsrollen och samhällets krav på den unga kvinnan. / The purpose of this study was to get a deeper understanding of some young women’s visions of gender roles and gender differences in relation to their own self image, in today’s society. The questions that the study was based on were: How did the young women apprehend gender differences and gender roles in the society? In which ways had they put these in their own gender role? How did the women look at their future possibilities as a young woman today? Theoretically the study mainly assumed from a social psychologically point of view and research about the development of the self image, but also assumed from research in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology at some points. The methodologically approach used, was a semi structured interview method. The length of the interviews differed between 25 - 45 minutes and the selection consisted of four female students. The results of the study revealed that the informants experienced that there were gender roles and gender differences in today’s society, which effects the relations to other people and that the demands put on the young female gender were considered large. The results also revealed that one’s own choice, to do what you wish, was important to the informants. The discussion touched one’s own choice, development of a self image, the female gender role and the demands of the society put on young women.

Bet koks nusikalstamas plačiai paviešintas įvykis ar reiškinys daro neigiamą įspūdį apie šalį – prisideda prie neigiamo šalies įvaizdžio kūrimo. Tačiau vienareikšmiškai neigiamai vertinti tokį istoriškai ir kultūriškai Italijos tapatybėje įsišaknijusį fenomeną kaip mafija, yra neteisinga. Šio tyrimo tikslas - remiantis Šiaurės, Pietų bei centrin��s Italijos dienraščių straipsnių mafijos tema kiekybine, kokybine bei žanrine analize, o taip pat mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analize, ištirti mafijos fenomeno pateikimą Italijos dienraščiuose kaip vieną iš Italijos įvaizdžio ir saviįvaizdžio formavimo prielaidų ir atskleisti skirtinguose dienraščiuose matomus minėto fenomeno įtakos skirtumus Italijos įvaizdžiui bei saviįvaizdžiui atskirose šalies dalyse. Tyrimo tikslas lemia ir tyrimo objektą, kuris yra straipsniai apie mafiją Italijos dienraščių „Corriere della Sera“, „La Repubblica“ ir „Il Mattino“ 2007 metų numeriuose. Tyrimo hipotezė teigia, jog būdama šalies identiteto dalis, mafija Italijos saviįvaizdžiui nedaro apčiuopiamos įtakos, tačiau dėl mafijos egzistavimo kenčia šalies įvaizdis, pozicionuojamas itališkoje spaudoje. Darbe atskleisti Italijos medijų sistemos ypatumai ir aptarta spaudos vieta Italijos medijų sistemoje; pristatyta agenda setting teorijos reikšmė šalies įvaizdžio kūrimui(si) bei tyrimui; identifikuota identiteto svarba šalies įvaizdžio ir saviįvaizdžio formavimui(si); apžvelgti Italijos įvaizdžio kūrimo ypatumai ir pristatyti ankstesni tyrimai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This paper aims at analyzing the articles about mafia published in the present-day dailies of the Northern, Southern and Central Italy and revealing the presentation of the mafia phenomena like one of the Italy’s image and self image forming assumption and revealing the differences of the phenomena presentation in the different parts of the State. The main sources for this thesis are the articles concerning mafia published in the Italian dailies “Corriere della Sera”, “La Repubblica” and ��Il Mattino” covering the period from the 1st of January, till the 31st of December, 2007. It was hypothesized that being a part of the state’s identity, mafia doesn’t have tangible influence on Italian self image but because of its existence, the dailies positioned image of the State is negatively influenced. Content analysis quantitative and qualitative, genre analysis and scientific literature analysis methods were used for the research. The hypothesis was proven and some other facts regarding an image and a self image of Italy were discovered. / Ogni crimine ampiamente proclamato fa un effeto negativo sull’immagine dello stato. Il fenomeno mafioso, per il suo impatto storico e culturale all’idenità italiana, non può essere considerato come solamente negativo. L’obbiettivo di questa ricerca è, basandosi sull’analisi quantitativa, qualitativa, generica, degli articoli sulla mafia dei quotidiani, rappresentanti le diverse parti – Nord, Sud e Centrale – dell’Italia, e anche sull’analisi della letteratura scientifica, esaminare la rappresentazione del fenomeno mafioso come una premessa della formazione dell’immagine e dell’(auto)immagine d’Italia nelle parti diverse del paese. L‘oggetto della ricerca sono gli articoli sulla mafia pubblicati nei quotidiani „Corriere della Sera”, „La Repubblica” e „Il Mattino” nel 2007. L‘ipotesi della ricerca suppone che essendo una parte dell’identità dello stato, la mafia non ha un impatto significativo all’immagine d’Italia. Ma l’esistenza del fenomeno, fa un effetto negativo sull’immagine dello stato che viene posizionato nella stampa italiana. In questa ricerca sono stati rivelati le particolarità del sistema massmediatico italiano; presentata l’importanza della teoria dell’agenda setting per la costruzione e la ricerca dell’immagine di uno stato; identificata l’importanza d’identità per la formazione dell’immagine e dell’autoimmagine dello stato; presentate le particolarità della creazione dell’immagine d’Italia e le altre ricerche fatte su quell’immagine; definito il termine e... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

This is a qualitative study which purpose is to examine the experiences of the recovery process after a treatment for eating disorders.                                                          The questions we have decided to examine are; how did the women adapt to a healthier life after treatment, what are the women's perceived experiences of the aspects related to identity and identity work, and what external social influence was seen as important for their adjustment process to a healthier life? Methods: We have used computer-supported and semi-structured interviews. There were a total of nine women who took part in the study.                                                                                                                     Results: Majority of these women have been recovered from their eating disorders, but some still have major or minor problems. They found it rather difficult to adjust their life's without an eating disorder. Conclusions: Increased self-awarness led to greater control over the eating disorder. The women could begin to confer the new features that they identified with. The social network is described as having been a major factor in the recovery process.

Detta är en kvalitativ uppsats som baseras på intervjuer med elever som går årskurs två på estetiska programmet och läser den obligatoriska kursen Estetisk orientering. I inledningsavsnittet ges en bild av de estetiska ämnenas funktion och plats i skolan, hur det ses på praktiskt kontra teoretiskt kunnande, att lära med olika sinnen samt de estetiska ämnenas minskade utrymme i skolan. Studiens övergripande syfte är att beskriva gymnasieelevers upplevelse av en integrerad undervisning i estetiska ämnen i skolan. Forskningsfrågorna ringar in hur eleverna resonerar kring sin individuella självbild utifrån undervisning där dans, teater, bild och musik ingår. Elevintervjuerna belyser även gruppens betydelse för formandet av den enskilda elevens självbild samt hur eleven talar om kroppen i relation till rörelsemomenten i estetämnesundervisningen. Studien utgår ifrån ett fenomenologiskt - hermeneutiskt perspektiv och intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av Amedeo Giorgis fenomenologiska analysmetod. Analysen av intervjuerna visar hur eleverna upplever sina nyvunna erfarenheter av de olika estetämnena och hur dessa ökat deras förståelse för sig själva och andra. Eleverna beskriver upplevelser av den integrerade estetämnesundervisningen genom att resonera kring EOS kursens påverkan på dem som individer. Eleverna talar om kreativitet, att utforska, spränga gränser, styrkor och svagheter, tillit, mod, begränsningar och oro samt kroppen som uttrycksmedel och kunskapsinhämtare. Lustaspekten lyfts fram och viljan hos eleverna att lära nytt. Eleverna har hittat varierade metoder för att uttrycka sina tankar, känslor och idéer genom EOS kursen. Studien visar på de estetiska ämnenas viktiga funktion i skolan. Detta påvisas genom att lyfta fram både aktuell forskning som stöder estetiska ämnens funktion i skolan samt elevernas positiva upplevelser kring den ämnesintegrerade estetundervisningen. / This is a qualitative essay which is based upon interviews with second-year, upper-secondary students taking an Esthetic Program and studying the core subject Esthetic Orientation (EOS). In the introduction, the purpose and role of the esthetic subjects in the school are illustrated, e.g. practical knowledge versus theoretical knowledge, sensory learning as well as a decreased focus on the esthetic subjects’ within schools are discussed. The purpose of the study is to describe upper-secondary students’ experiences of integrated teaching of esthetic subjects in school. The research questions focus on how students reason about their self-image following lessons that incorporate dance, drama, art and music. The student interviews highlight the importance of the group in the formation of an individual student’s self-image as well as depict how students describe their bodies in relation to the physical elements in the teaching of an esthetic subject. The study uses a phenomenological hermeneutic approach and the interviews are analyzed using Amedeo Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis method. The analysis of the interviews shows how the students experience their newly discovered knowledge of the different esthetic subjects and how this has increased their understanding of themselves and others. The students describe their experience of integrated esthetic teaching by discussing the possible influence the EOS course has had on them as individuals. The students speak about creativity, discovery, breaking new ground, strengths, weaknesses, trust, courage, limitations and fears as well as the body as a form of expression and a gleaner of knowledge. The students’ desire to learn as well as will to learn is also highlighted. The students found varying methods to express their thoughts, feelings and ideas through the EOS course. The study demonstrates the important role esthetic subjects have in schools, which is proven by both examining current research that supports the esthetic subjects’ role in schools as well as by describing students’ positive experiences of subject-integrated esthetic teaching.