As of January 1st, 2020, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child was incorporated as a law in Sweden. This raises some questions about how it would influence and implicate the Swedish way of executing youth sports. Several media and experts in children's and youth sports have argued that using selective methods such as ranking or topping the team might not be in accordance with the convention. What the legislation entails and how the convention is taken into account in practice, however, seems to be largely dependent on how this is interpreted by those who are expected to implement it. The purpose of this study is therefore to gain insight into how children and youth coaches interpret the convention and its new status as a Swedish law. We also aim to understand how the coaches reflect on these selective methods from a children's rights perspective. The examination uses a phenomenological approach with qualitative semi structured interviews. The study's theoretical framework consists of three theories. We adopt the perspective of social constructionism to understand how coaches create meaning of the convention, institutional theory to understand how institutionalized logics and values can influence reflections and the theory of deviant conformity to understand how deviations from normative ideas and behaviors are understood and what they are based on. Some of the insights gained from the analysis were as follows: None of the coaches has experienced any change as a result of the convention being incorporated as a law. The convention is perceived as difficult to interpret by most of the coaches and the legitimacy of selective methods is considered to be in a gray zone. Several coaches ́ descriptions indicate that the structure of the Swedish sports movement largely influences their way of reflecting and assenting to the convention. The most frequently occurring problematic aspect regarding practical activities is perceived to be the children's parents. / Vid årsskiftet till 2020 blev de Förenta Nationernas barnkonvention inkorporerad i svensk lagstiftning. Detta väckte en del frågeställningar om hur svensk barn-och ungdomsidrott skulle komma att påverkas. Flera medier och experter inom barnidrott har argumenterat för att selektering och toppning av barn inte är i linje med konventionen och att det därför inte längre, legitimt kan bedrivas. Vad lagstiftningen innebär och hur konventionen beaktas i praktiken tycks dock till stor del vara beroende av hur detta tolkas av de som förväntas implementera den. Syftet med denna studie är därför att skapa insikt i hur barn- och ungdomstränare tolkar barnkonventionen och dess nya status som svensk lag. Studien avser även att skapa förståelse för hur tränarna reflekterar kring just selektering och toppning för barn utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv. Undersökningen använder en fenomenologisk ansats och kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer för att förstå dessa fenomen från tränarnas egna perspektiv. Studiens teoretiska referensram utgörs av tre teorier. Vi antar ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv för att förstå hur tränarna skapar mening av konventionen, nyinstitutionell teori för att förstå hur institutionaliserade logiker och värderingar kan influera reflektioner samt teorin om avvikande konformitet för att förstå hur avvikelser från normativa idéer och beteenden förstås och vad de baseras på. Ur analys av insamlat material har studien lett till bland andra följande insikter: Samtliga tränare upplever att deras verksamhet inte förändrats till följd av att konventionen blev lag. Konventionen uppfattas svårtolkad av de flesta tränarna. Selektering och toppnings legitimitet upplevs utgöra i en gråzon i relation till konventionen. Flera av tränarnas beskrivningar indikerar att den svenska idrottsrörelsens struktur till stor del influerar verksamheternas förhållningssätt gentemot barnkonventionen. Den mest återkommande problematiska aspekten i relation till praktisk implementering upplevs vara barnens föräldrar.

Text in English, isiZulu and Afrikaans / The topic of work-life balance has gained much attention in recent years. A focal point remains the effects of maternal employment on the well-being of women and children, despite shifts in society towards gender equality. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of mothers who either had chosen to stay at home after having children or to continue with full-time employment; and how their decision impacted their lives. This qualitative study, based on the Social Constructionist paradigm, and Second Order Cybernetics and Feminist Theories, included interviews with four full-time employed and four stay-at-home South African mothers. The data were analysed using hermeneutic analysis. The findings suggest that the participants’ tensions regarding motherhood and employment were strongly influenced by structural obstacles at work and at home, interpersonal relationships with other mothers, as well as intrapersonal experiences. Breastfeeding was identified as a prominent topic within the various themes. / Eminyakeni yamuva nje ukulinganisela phakathi komsebenzi nokuphila kwasekhaya kube undabamlonyeni. Indaba eseqhulwini kuseyiwo umthelela wokusebenza komama enhlalakahleni yabesimane nezingane, yize sekube nezinguquko emphakathini endabeni yokulingana kobulili. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola lokho okwehlele omama abakhethe ukuhlala ekhaya ngemva kokuzalwa kwezingane noma abaqhubeka besebenza isikhathi esigcwele; nokuthi isinqumo sabo sibe namuphi umthelela ekuphileni kwabo. Lolu cwaningo olwalubheka umnyombo, olusekelwe embonweni weNhlanganyelo Yomphakathi, kanye ne-Cybernetics Yohlelo Lwesibili Nemibono Yabalweli Besifazane, lwalubandakanya izingxoxombuzo nomama abane baseNingizimu Afrika abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele kanye nabanye abane abahlala ekhaya. Ulwazi lwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa uhlaziyo lokucubungula okulotshiwe. Okwatholakala kubonisa ukuthi izinto ezaziyingqinamba kubabambiqhaza ngokuphathelene nokuba umama nokusebenza zazilawulwa kakhulu yizithiyo zesikhundla emsebenzini nasekhaya, ubudlelwano nabanye omama, kanye nalokho ababhekana nakho uma bezihlola ekujuleni. Ukuncelisa ibele kwakubhekwa njengesihloko esiqavile phakathi kwalezo zihloko ezinhlobonhlobo. / Die kwessie van ‘n werk-lewe balans geniet die afgelope paar jaar baie aandag. 'n Brandpunt in die literatuur is steeds die gevolge van ma’s se indiensneming op die welstand van vroue en kinders, ondanks verskuiwings in die samelewing ten opsigte van geslagsgelykheid. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die ervarings van vroue te ondersoek wat óf kies om tuis te bly, óf om voltyds te bly werk wanneer hulle kinders kry; en hoe die besluit hul lewens beïnvloed. Die kwalitatiewe studie, gebaseer op ‘n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese uitgangspunt, en ekosistemiese en feministiese teorieë, het onderhoude met vier voltydse werknemers en vier tuisbly ma’s in Suid-Afrika ingesluit. Die data is ondersoek met behulp van hermeneutiese analise. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die deelnemers se spanning rakende. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskaper om vilka förståelser av vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet som konstrueras i kommunikation mellan förskollärare. Studien styrs av två frågeställningar: Vilka språkliga kategorier konstrueras i förskollärares kommunikation om vetenskaplig grund? och Vilka språkliga kategorier konstrueras i förskollärares kommunikation om beprövad erfarenhet?. Studien har en kvalitativ metodansats, med en teoretisk utgångspunkt i kontextuell socialkonstruktionism. Studiens data samlas in genom två fokusgrupper med tio verksamma förskollärare i förskolan. Datan analyseras med hjälp av begreppen performativitet och fabrikationer. Performativiteten relateras till uppdraget i läroplanen och Skollag som förskollärare är ålagda att följa. I läroplanen för förskolan (Lpfö 18) står det att "undervisningen med innehåll och arbetsätt ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet". I studien synligörs fabrikationer som innebär att förskollärarna framställer eller rättfärdigar sin undervisning på ett bättre sätt än vad som överensstämmer med verkligheten. Studiens reslutat visar tre slutsatser: mångtydlighet, otydlighet i ansvar och brist på gemensam förståelse av begreppen vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet. Begreppen har inte tidigare diskuterats av förskollärarna i studien, vilket innebär att egna tolkningar och förklaringar över begreppen uttalas. Förskollärarna saknar en tydligare definition av vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarnehet, vilket överensstämmer med vad tidigare forskning belyser. / The Purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about which understandings of scientific basis and proven experience are constructed in communication between preschool teachers. The study is guided by two questions: What language categories are constructed in preschool teachers' communications about the scientific basis? and What language categories are constructed in preschool teachers' communication about proven experience?. The study has a qualitative methodological approach, with a theoretical starting point in contextual social constructionism. The study data is collected through two focus groups with ten active preschool teachers in the preschool. The data are analyzed to the concepts of performativity and fabrications. The performativity is related to the assignment in the curriculum for preschool (Lpfö 18) states that "teaching with content and working methods must be based on scientific grounds and proven experience". The study highlights fabrications that mean that preschool teachers present or justify their teaching in a better way than what corresponds to reality. The results of the study show three conclusions: ambiguity, ambiguity in responsibility and lack of common understanding of the concepts of scientific basis and proven experience. The concepts have not previously been discussed by the preschool teachers in the study, which means that their own interpretations and explanations of the concepts are pronounced. Preschool teachers lack a clearer definition of scientific basis and proven experience, which is in line with what previours research sheds light on.

No description available.

This study looks at how autism is represented by characters in popular film, by analyzing the protagonists of two films, I rymden finns inga känslor and Please Stand By, with narrative and character analysis and then interpreting the result against social constructionism and theories of normality. The analysis results in the emergence of stereotypical characters in both films, and a statement that this can help to form a kind of symbol for what autism means for non-autistic individuals. The discussion states that in order to combat stereotypical representation in popular media, a change is needed from a medical model to a social model together with a change in the discourse around what autism means for autistic individuals.

The aim of this study was to examine the issues surrounding the perception of young girls' and boys' sexuality and how it may influence decisions regarding care according to the Act (1990:52) with Special Provisions for the Care of Young Persons (LVU). By analyzing judgments from the administrative court, where the criterion of "other socially destructive behavior" under LVU is applied, the study explores how sexuality is constructed and interpreted. The study adopts a social constructivist approach with Hirdman's gender system and sexual scripts as the theoretical framework. Fairclough's three-dimensional model was employed as the analytical method. Previous research has indicated a trend where girls' sexuality is often viewed as problematic and deviant from norms, while boys' sexuality is rarely addressed in the same manner. The main finding of our study revealed differences in how young individuals were described based on gender-related discourses. Girls are portrayed as vulnerable, exposed, and in need of protection, while boys are depicted as risks, perpetrators, and dangers to girls. The discussion revolved around how gender-specific norms manifest in legal decisions and how these decisions may impact the young girls and boys who are the focus of our study. The results indicated that societal power dynamics maintain a distance between genders, where we observed differential assessments of girls' and boys' behavior. By exploring these issues, the study aims to enhance understanding of how the legal system influences and reproduces norms regarding sexuality and sexual behavior, as well as the implications for social work and the young girls and boys involved.

The study explored the body image of Professional Black South African women, cultural expectations, and their experiences in Westernised working milieus, utilising a phenomenological approach and qualitative exploratory design, located within Constructionism. Data were collected through purposive sampling (and snowballing) through individual face-to-face voice-recorded semi-structured interviews with 11 participants in/around Gauteng. Analysis was done through content analysis utilising thematic networks (Attride-Stirling). Major findings: Western values have influenced participants; Lower weight and thinness do not automatically correspond with assumptions about HIV/AIDS, instead correspond with healthier lifestyle choices; Body shape not weight or size was the prominent area of focus for most participants; Clothes size determines perception of overweight; Overweight has consequences. Forty-five per cent of participants were content with their bodies, 18% dissatisfied/unhappy, 18% satisfied, one happy, one apathetic. Tswanas were generally smaller-figured; Zulus, Northern Sotho/Pedi, Xhosa in general traditionally expected full-bodied women. Overt expectations in the workplace were not found. / Psychology / Master of Arts (Psychology)

The study explored the body image of Professional Black South African women, cultural expectations, and their experiences in Westernised working milieus, utilising a phenomenological approach and qualitative exploratory design, located within Constructionism. Data were collected through purposive sampling (and snowballing) through individual face-to-face voice-recorded semi-structured interviews with 11 participants in/around Gauteng. Analysis was done through content analysis utilising thematic networks (Attride-Stirling). Major findings: Western values have influenced participants; Lower weight and thinness do not automatically correspond with assumptions about HIV/AIDS, instead correspond with healthier lifestyle choices; Body shape not weight or size was the prominent area of focus for most participants; Clothes size determines perception of overweight; Overweight has consequences. Forty-five per cent of participants were content with their bodies, 18% dissatisfied/unhappy, 18% satisfied, one happy, one apathetic. Tswanas were generally smaller-figured; Zulus, Northern Sotho/Pedi, Xhosa in general traditionally expected full-bodied women. Overt expectations in the workplace were not found. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

This study aimed at exploring chronic illness from both the perspectives of the patient, living with the illness and the professional, treating the illness. The epistemological framework is social constructionism. Qualitative research was selected as the research approach. Three in-depth interviews with three patients, suffering with a chronic illness were conducted, as well as three interviews with professionals, who had experience with patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses. Thematic analysis was the method used for the analysis of data. The stories of the participants were reconstructed in terms of themes. A comparative analysis for both participants groups was done, and linked to the relevant literature This study created an understanding of the complexity of chronic illness. The themes identified, highlighted the importance of the patient-professional relationship, specifically in the context of chronic illness. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

The prevalence of divorce within society is reflected in the rising divorce rate worldwide. Consequently, divorce has become more accepted, although adolescents from divorced families are considered at risk for maladjustment. The aim of this study is to give a voice to adolescents who have experienced their parents' divorce and to highlight their resilience despite the challenges they faced. The epistemological framework is social constructionism. In-depth interviews with two adolescents who have experienced the divorce of their parents were undertaken. The method of analysis used was `Thematic content analysis'. The participants' stories were recounted through the lens of the researcher in the form of themes. Recurring themes in these stories were elucidated and linked with the literature. This study allowed rich and detailed descriptions about adolescents' experiences to emerge, which the researcher hopes will broaden the therapeutic understanding of the complexities of divorce for the adolescents who survive it. / Psychology / MA (Clinical Psychology)