Sepse é a resposta inflamatória sistêmica decorrente de infecção grave, com alto índice de mortalidade, tornando-se um grave problema de saúde pública. Apesar dos inúmeros estudos realizados em busca de alternativas terapêuticas, o entendimento acerca dos mecanismos envolvidos na doença permanece restrito. A interação entre o metabolismo lipídico e a resposta inflamatória tem sido intensamente investigada. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a influência da proteína de transferência de colesterol esterificado (CETP) - glicoproteína plasmática que promove a transferência de lípides entre lipoproteínas - na resposta inflamatória. Inicialmente, foram comparados camundongos transgênicos para CETP humana (CETP) e controles irmãos não transgênicos (WT) submetidos ao modelo de sepse polimicrobiana de ligadura e perfuração do ceco (CLP), avaliando a taxa de sobrevida e o perfil inflamatório entre os grupos. Em seguida, a resposta inflamatória em macrófagos de peritônio de camundongos estimulados com LPS na ausência ou presença da CETP exógena (CETP humana recombinante) e endógena (macrófagos de animais CETP) foi analisada. Verificou-se que camundongos CETP apresentaram maior taxa de sobrevida, maior migração de linfócitos para o foco infeccioso, menores concentrações plasmáticas de IL-6 e menor expressão proteica do receptor Toll-like 4 (TLR4) e da enzima aciloxiacilo hidrolase (AOAH) no fígado, comparados aos WT. Nos macrófagos, observou-se que a presença da CETP recombinante foi capaz de se ligar ao LPS, pela análise da microscopia confocal, e, em cultura, reduziu de forma dose dependente a captação de LPS, a expressão de TLR4, a ativação do NF-kB (p65) e a secreção de IL-6 para o sobrenadante do cultivo celular. Os dados obtidos com os macrófagos de animais CETP corroboraram, em parte, os encontrados com a utilização da CETP exógena. Houve redução da captação de LPS e da ativação do NF-kB (p65), sem alteração na expressão de TLR4 e secreção de IL-6. Entretanto, apresentaram redução das concentrações de TNF-alfa celular e no sobrenadante de cultura. Dessa maneira, foi possível concluir que a CETP atua como agente modulador da resposta inflamatória induzida pela CLP e em macrófagos estimulados pelo LPS. Esses achados devem ser considerados nas doenças inflamatórias e nos futuros estudos relacionados à inibição da CETP, além de estabelecer novas perspectivas de tratamento da sepse / Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response due to serious infection with high mortality rate, which has become a serious problem for public health. Despite numerous studies seeking for therapeutic alternatives, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in this disease remains limited. The interaction between lipid metabolism and inflammatory response has been intensively investigated. In the present study it was evaluated the influence of CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) - plasma glycoprotein that promotes the transfer of lipids between lipoprotein - in the inflammatory response. Initially transgenic mice for human CETP (CETP) were compared to non transgenic control mice (WT) after polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), to determine survival rate and the inflammatory profile between groups. Then, macrophages isolated from peritoneal cavity stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of exogenous CETP (recombinant human CETP) and endogenous CETP (macrophages from CETP mice) were analyzed. It was found that CETP mice showed a higher survival rate, a greater lymphocyte migration to infectious focus, a lower IL-6 plasma concentration and a decrease in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and acyloxyacyl hydrolase enzyme (AOAH) protein expression in the liver in comparison to WT mice. In macrophages, recombinant CETP was able to bind to LPS, by confocal microscopy analysis and in cell culture, it was observed that in the presence of the recombinant CETP macrophages presented decreased in LPS uptake, TLR4 expression, NF-kB activation (p65) and IL-6 secretion into the cell culture medium. Furthermore, the results with macrophages from animals CETP corroborate partly with what was found in the exogenous experiments. LPS uptake and NF-kB activation (p65) were reduced, but no difference regarding the expression of TLR4, nor the IL-6 secretion to the cell culture medium. However, the CETP group also showed reduced levels of TNF-alfa both in macrophages and in the culture supernatant. Thus, we conclude that CETP acts as modulator of the inflammatory response induced by CLP and in the macrophages stimulated by LPS. In addition, new therapeutic perspectives could be established

INTRODUÇÃO: O melanoma cutâneo constitui cerca de 3% de todos os tumores da pele. Atinge indivíduos jovens com média de idade de aparecimento entre 50 e 58 anos. Em torno de 20% dos doentes apresentarão doença avançada e morrerão antes de completar cinco anos de sobrevida. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Neste estudo retrospectivo de 364 casos acompanhados de maio de 1993 a janeiro de 2006 descreveram-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, cor, localização da lesão primária, tipo de crescimento, espessura de Breslow, nível de Clark, presença de ulceração, estadiamento e suas correlações. RESULTADOS: Predominou o sexo feminino (58,8%) resultando em uma proporção de 1,4 mulheres para cada homem. A média das idades dos pacientes foi de 58,9 anos e a mediana de 61,0 anos. Pacientes não-brancos constituíram 13,7% da amostra. Para homens e mulheres o melanoma cutâneo localizou-se, predominantemente no tronco (24,3-38,0%) e pés (21,4-23,9%). O melanoma acrolentiginoso representou 22,3% de toda amostra. Os padrões melanoma expansivo superficial e melanoma nodular (p < 0,001) e lesões no tronco (52,8%) predominaram nos indivíduos brancos. O melanoma acrolentiginoso (64%) e a localização nos pés (68,2%)prevaleceram nos pacientes não-brancos. Observou-se minoria de casos com lesão primária in situ (14,6%- EC 0) e alto percentual de melanoma cutâneo espesso (39,7% > 4,0 mm). Presença de ulceração foi observada em 13,4% para tumores finos (= 1,0 mm). Homens apresentaram lesões mais espessas (p = 0,011) e ulceradas (p < 0,001) em relação às mulheres, assim como idosos em relação à não idosos (p = 0,021 para a espessura e p = 0,015 para ulceração). A sobrevida média para os pacientes com doença localizada foi de 97,8 meses e a taxa de sobrevida específica para melanoma cutâneo foi de 85,1% em três anos. CONCLUSÕES: Esta amostra constituiu-se de pacientes com tumores espessos e ulcerados denotando diagnóstico tardio do melanoma cutâneo e pior prognóstico. Caracterizou-se por apresentar predomínio de mulheres, de pacientes não-brancos, de lesões nas extremidades e de melanoma acrolentiginoso. / INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous melanoma represents around 3% of all skin tumors. Affecting young patients, with mean age between 50 and 58 years old. About 20% of the patients will have advanced disease and will die before five years of survival. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: In this retrospective study of 364 cases recorded from May 1993 to January 2006 at the Melanoma Unit of Santa Casa de São Paulo the following variables were described: sex, age, skin color, tumor site, growth pattern, tumor thickness, Clark level, ulceration, staging and their correlations. RESULTS: Female (58,8%) prevailed resulting in 1,4 women for each man. The mean age of the patients was 58,9 years old and the median, 61,0 years old. Non-white patients were 13,7% of the sample. The anatomic site of cutaneous melanoma on men and women prevailed at trunk (24,3 – 38,0%) and feet (21,4 – 23,9%). Acral entiginous melanoma represented 22,3% of the cohort. Superficial expansive melanoma and nodular melanoma patterns (p<0,001) and trunk lesions (52,8%) predominated on white patients. Acral lentiginous melanoma (64%) and feet anatomic site 68,2%) prevailed on non-white patients. In situ primary lesions were observed in few cases (14,6% - EC 0) and there was high percentage of thick cutaneous melanoma (39,7% > 4,0 mm). In thin tumors (=1,0 mm) were found 13,4% of ulceration. Thickener (p = 0,011) and ulcerated lesions (p < 0,001) were found more in male and in elderly patients (p = 0,021 for thickeness and p = 0,015 for ulceration). The mean survival of patients with local disease was 97,8 months and the three-year survival rate for cutaneous melanoma was 85,1%. CONCLUSIONS: The cohort consisted mostly of thick and ulcerated tumors, which meant late diagnosis and bad prognosis. Also distinguished by considerable prevalence of female, non-white patients, limb lesions and acral lentiginous melanoma.

This study aims to analyze the determinants of survival for micro and small businesses in the segments intended for tourism of Sergipe economy. Given the social and economic relevance, the possibility of failure impacts on regional development, generating economic and social losses for the whole country, and have a negative impact on the effectiveness of incentive policies to the creation of these companies in Brazil. It analyzed its historical development, and their inclusion in the tourism sector through study of its economic potential in this segment. Research indicates that in the period 2002-2012, the average survival rate of micro and small companies in Sergipe, amounted to 79.1%. In the composition of this study, first, we present a theoretical framework regarding the Regional Development and its insertion on the traditional economic theory, dealing with three generations of regional policies: developmentalism, neoliberalism and regional development (local). Promotes an analysis of Regional Development in Brazil and its historical progression in the economy. It brings also a study of the Micro and Small Business and Tourism, as a tool for Brazil´s economic development. Then, this was the application of data and display the search results, which is to identify the survival rates and comparative analyzes on the subject studied. The findings present the analysis of the results obtained, in order to contribute to the maintenance and continuity of these companies, incorporated as essential to the regional and global socioeconomic development. / Este estudo objetiva analisar os fatores determinantes de sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas nos segmentos destinados à atividade turística da economia sergipana. Dada à sua relevância social e econômica, a possibilidade de fracasso impacta no desenvolvimento regional, gerando prejuízos econômicos e sociais para todo o país, além de repercutir negativamente sobre a eficácia das políticas de incentivo à criação dessas empresas no Brasil. Foram analisadas a sua evolução histórica, e a sua inclusão no setor de turismo, mediante estudo de suas potencialidades econômicas, neste segmento. A pesquisa indica que no período de 2002 a 2012, a taxa média de sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas em Sergipe, correspondeu a 79,1%. Na composição deste estudo, primeiramente, apresenta-se um referencial teórico acerca do Desenvolvimento Regional e sua inserção sobre a teoria econômica tradicional, versando sobre três gerações de políticas regionais: desenvolvimentismo, neoliberalismo e desenvolvimento regional (local). Promove-se uma análise do Desenvolvimento Regional no Brasil e sua progressão histórica na economia. Traz ainda, um estudo sobre as Micro e Pequenas Empresas e o Turismo, como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. Em seguida, tratou-se da aplicação dos dados e exposição dos resultados da pesquisa, que consiste na identificação das taxas de sobrevivência e análises comparativas sobre o tema estudado. As conclusões apresentam a análise dos resultados apurados, como forma de contribuir para a manutenção e continuidade destas empresas, constituídas como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional e global.

<p>Brahiterapija visokim brzinama doze (HDR&ndash;BT) predstavlja efikasan modalitet zračenja kod pacijenata sa lokalizovanim karcinomom prostate (CaP) svih rizika. Za razliku od transkutane radioterapije i brahiterapije niskim brzinama doze (LDR&ndash;BT), kod ove grupe pacijenata u intersticijalnoj HDR&ndash;BT jo&scaron; uvek nisu jednoznačno definisane ukupne doze zračenja, način frakcionisanja kod pacijenata sa lokalizovanim CaP različitih rizika. U periodu od 2009&ndash;2018.god. HDR&ndash;BT kao jedinim načinom lečenja (monoterapija) u Op&scaron;toj bolnici Medicinski sistem Beograd, lečeno je 35 pacijenata (6 (17,1%) pacijenata niskog rizika, 21 (60%) pacijent srednjeg rizika i 8 (22,9%) pacijenata visokog rizika) sa lokalizovanim CaP različitih rizika od relapsa i progresije bolesti. Grupe pacijenata sa srednjim i visokim rizikom spojene su u jednu grupu (grupa sa vi&scaron;im rizikom). Tehnika sprovođenja HDR&ndash;BT, osim u pojedinačnim specifičnim detaljima, bila je slična kao i kod LDR&ndash;BT. Aplikacija igala, segmentacija, delineacija i planiranje HDR&ndash;BT vr&scaron;eno je kori&scaron;će&scaron;em transrektalnog ultrazvuka (TRUS) i izocetričnog radioskopskog C&ndash;luka, a zračenje je sprovedeno na uređaju Microselectron HDR sa zatvorenim radioaktivnim izvorom 192Ir početne aktivnosti 370 GBq. Aplikovane terapijske doze (TD), u opsegu od 30&ndash;57 Gy frakcionisane su u 3&ndash;4 nezavisne frakcije sa razmakom od 2&ndash;3 nedelje između frakcija, a individualizovane su prema nivou rizika, stanju organa u riziku (OAR) i kvalitetu aplikacije (indeksu prekrivanja CTV sa planiranom terapijskom dozom (CI100%) i mogućno&scaron;ću za&scaron;tite OAR). Uspe&scaron;nost terapije ocenjivana je postignutom biohemijskom kontrolom (BFS &ndash; biochemical&ndash;free&ndash;survival), prema ASTRO i Phoenix kriterijumima, kao i ukupnim preživljavanjem u periodu od 5 godina (2&ndash;9 godina) posle sprovedene terapije. U niskorizičnoj grupi pacijenata lečenih HDR&ndash;BT, BFS je postignuta kod svih pacijenata kao i ukupno preživljavanje. U grupi pacijenata sa vi&scaron;im rizikom BFS je postignuta kod 95,8% lečenih pacijenata, a ukupno 5&ndash;to godi&scaron;nje preživljavanje je 96,4%. BFS u ovom istraživanju se pokazala statistički značajnije bolja nego ona koju su prikazali drugi autori. Na osnovu rizika, nivoa PSA, TD i indeksa pokrivenosti CTV sa TD, izvr&scaron;eno je modelovanje terapijskih parametara kori&scaron;ćenjem MANN (multilauyer artificial neural network). Određena optimalna doza zračenja (TD) u HDR&ndash;BT lokalizovanog CaP niskog rizika je 40,7 Gy za CI100% = 1,01. Kod vi&scaron;ih rizika TD = 50,9 Gy za CI100% = 1,6. TD se frakcioni&scaron;e u 4 nezavisne frakcije sa razmakom od 2&ndash;3 nedelje. Ovakav izbor parametara HDR&ndash;BT (TD, CI100%, i način frakcionisanja), uz individualizaciju i kontrolu u toku svake aplikacije, obezbedio bi prihvatljiv nivo kasnih postiradijacionih komplikacija gradusa G1&ndash;G3 na uretri (&lt; 17% ukupnog broja lečenih pacijenata), uz minimimalne komplikacije na rektumu (pretežno G1&ndash;G2) i zanemarljive komplikacije na mokraćnoj be&scaron;ici.</p> / <p>High&ndash;dose rate brachytherapy (HDR&ndash;BT) is an effective therapy modality for patients with localized prostate cancer (CaP) of all risks. In contrast to an external beam radiotherapy and low&ndash;dose rate brachytherapy (LDR&ndash;BT), in these patients, the interstitial HDR&ndash;BT, the total radiation dose and fractionation is not unambiguously defined. Between 2009&ndash;2018 35 patients with localized CaP (6 (17.1%) low&ndash;risk patients, 21 (60%) patients medium&ndash;risk and 8 (22.9%) high&ndash;risk) were treated with HDR&ndash;BT, as the only treatment (monotherapy) in the General Hospital Medical System Belgrade. The group of patients with medium&ndash;risk and high&ndash;risk were merged into a single group (group with a higher&ndash;risk). Technique implementation of HDR&ndash;BT was similar as in the LDR&ndash;BT. Application of needles, segmentation, delineation, and planning of HDR&ndash;BT was performed with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and izocentrically mounted radioscopic C&ndash;arm. Irradiation was done on the Microselectron&ndash;HDR brachytherapy unit with a sealed radioactive source 192Ir (370 GBq). The dose (TD), in the range of 30&ndash;57 Gy was given fractionated in independent fractions (3&ndash;4) with a pause of 2&ndash;3 weeks between fractions. TD was individualized according to the risk, the conditions of organs at risk (OAR) and quality of the application (coverage index CI100%), as well as, the ability to protect OAR. Treatment result was evaluated by the achieved biochemical control (BFS &ndash; biochemical&ndash;free&ndash;survival) according to ASTRO and/or Phoenix criteria, as well as an overall survival in the period of 5 years (2&ndash;9 years) after the completion of the treatment. In the low&ndash;risk group, BFS has been achieved in all patients and overall survival rate is 100%. In the group of patients with higher risk BFS was achieved in 95.8% of treated patients, and 5&ndash;year survival rate was 96.4%. BFS in this study was proved to be statistically significantly better than showed by other authors. On the basis of the risk, the level of PSA, TD and CI100%, modeling was performed using the MANN (multilayer artificial neural network). The determined optimal dose TD for localized CaP of low risk is 40.7 Gy for CI100% = 1.0. At higher risk TD = 50.9 Gy for CI100% = 1.6. TD was given in 4 independent fractions with the interval of 2&ndash;3 weeks between each fraction. These HDR&ndash;BT parameters (TD, CI100%, and the fractionation scheme) with the individualization and control during each application would provide an acceptable level of late complications grade G1&ndash;G3 to the urethra (in less than 17% of treated patients), with minimum complications on the rectum (predominantly grade G1&ndash;G2) and insignificant complications rate on the urinary bladder.</p>

[ES] ¿Cuántas veces hemos realizado o participado en una repoblación forestal y pasados los años no hemos encontrado rastro de los árboles plantados? Y en muchas ocasiones nos habremos preguntado por qué e incluso sentido frustración de creer que no lo hemos cuidado adecuadamente. La respuesta no es sencilla como veremos en este trabajo. En las últimas décadas, las repoblaciones forestales o reforestaciones, enmarcadas dentro de planes de restauración, han experimentado altas tasas de mortalidad, sobre todo en nuestro ámbito mediterráneo donde predominan las tierras secas. Esta tasa alta de mortalidad en numerosas ocasiones se relaciona con las condiciones meteorológicas, pero existen multitud de aspectos que pueden influir en alcanzar o no el objetivo final de la repoblación. Para poder conocer cuáles son los aspectos que influyen en mayor o menor medida en la supervivencia y crecimiento adecuado de las plántulas puedas en campo, se plantea la puesta en marcha de un protocolo de control holístico o integral de repoblaciones y el estudio y seguimiento de la puesta en práctica en una repoblación real durante 10 años. El control de calidad en sí mismo se ha contemplado sobre las distintas fases de la repoblación: desde la revisión de las decisiones tomadas en proyecto, pasando por la ejecución en obra, la evaluación de los lotes de planta empleados, la caracterización de sitio o estación, hasta la realización del seguimiento climatológico, ambiental y de la propia repoblación (en términos de supervivencia y crecimiento). En base a distintos planteamientos experimentales y de toma de muestras dentro de una repoblación real, en condiciones cambiantes y con sequias extremas, se ha podido estudiar pormenorizadamente la calidad de planta o stock y la idoneidad de las especies utilizadas (Pinus sp., Quercus sp., Arbutus Unedo, Juniperus phoenicea y Fraxinus ornus) para posteriormente evaluar la repoblación tras 10 años en conjunto y por tanto, los demás aspectos y sus interacciones que influyen en el establecimiento, como: la calidad de ejecución, la calidad de sitio o estación, la idoneidad del tubo protector, etc. A grandes rasgos, los resultados tanto en las parcela experimental como en la repoblación, siendo en ellas las condiciones meteorológicas las mismas, no ha sido muy satisfactoria tras los 10 años. Al margen de conocer que las sequias extremas acontecidas han tenido gran influencia e interaccionan demás factores (acrecentando los efectos negativos), se ha podido evaluar que existen especies de dudosa idoneidad para determinados sitios; que la correcta ejecución juega un papel importante; que se requiere de una mejor zonificación; y que cuidados culturales post plantación como el tubo protector, pueden influir notablemente en la consecución de la repoblación. Así, además de identificar cuáles son los aspectos más influyentes en esta repoblación en particular, se han adquirido cuestiones prácticas tanto a la hora de aplicar el control de calidad como a la hora de como plantearnos, desde la redacción del proyecto, las nuevas repoblaciones, teniendo muy en cuenta el nuevo contexto de cambio climático. / [CAT] Quantes vegades hem realitzat o participat en una repoblació forestal i passats els anys no hem trobat cap rastre dels arbres plantats? I moltes vegades ens haurem preguntat per què i fins i tot, sentit frustració de creure que els hem cuidat adequadament. La resposta no és senzilla com veurem en aquest treball. En les darreres dècades, les repoblacions forestals o reforestacions, emmarcades dins de plans de restauració, han experimentat altes taxes de mortalitat, sobretot al nostre àmbit mediterrani on predominen les zones àrides. Aquesta taxa alta de mortalitat normalment es relaciona amb les condicions meteorològiques, però hi ha multitud d'aspectes que poden influir en assolir o no l'objectiu final de la repoblació. Per poder conèixer quins són els aspectes que influeixen en major o menor mesura en la supervivència i el creixement adequat de les plàntules posades camp, es fica en marxa un protocol de control holístic o integral de repoblacions, i l'estudi i el seguiment de la posada en pràctica en una repoblació real durant 10 anys. El control de qualitat en si mateix s'ha contemplat sobre les diferents fases de la repoblació: des de la revisió de les decisions preses en projecte, passant per l'execució en l'obra, l'avaluació dels lots de planta emprats, la caracterització de lloc o estació, fins a la realització del seguiment climatològic, ambiental i de la pròpia repoblació (en termes de supervivència i creixement). En base a diferents plantejaments experimentals i de presa de mostres dins una repoblació real, en condicions canviants i amb sequeres extremes, s'ha pogut estudiar detalladament la qualitat de planta i la idoneïtat de les espècies utilitzades (Pinus sp., Quercus sp., Arbutus Unedo, Juniperus phoenicea i Fraxinus ornus) per posteriorment avaluar la repoblació després de 10 anys en conjunt i per tant, els altres aspectes i les seves interaccions que influeixen en l'establiment, com ara: la qualitat d'execució, la qualitat de lloc o estació, la idoneïtat del tub protector, etc. A grans trets, els resultats tant a les parcel·les experimentals com a la repoblació, sent en elles les condicions meteorològiques les mateixes, no ha estat gaire satisfactòria després dels 10 anys. Al marge de saber que les sequeres extremes esdevingudes han tingut gran influència i interaccionen altres factors (augmentant els efectes negatius), s'ha pogut avaluar que hi ha espècies de dubtosa idoneïtat per a determinats llocs; que la correcta execució juga un paper important; que es requereix una millor zonificació; i que els tractaments culturals postplantació com el tub protector, poden influir notablement en la consecució de la repoblació. Així, a mes a més de conèixer quins són els aspectes més influents en aquesta repoblació en particular, s'han adquirit qüestions pràctiques tant a l'hora d'aplicar el control de qualitat com a l'hora de plantejar-nos, des de la redacció del projecte, les noves repoblacions, tenint molt en compte el nou context de canvi climàtic. / [EN] How many times have we carried out or participated in a reforestation and over the years we have not found a trace of the planted trees? On many occasions, we will have wondered why and even felt frustrated to believe that we have not taken care of it properly. The answer is not simple as we will see in this work. In recent decades reforestations, framed within restoration plans, have experienced high mortality rates, especially in our Mediterranean area where drylands predominate. This high mortality rate is often related to weather conditions, but there are many aspects that can influence the final objective of the reforestation. In order to know which are the aspects that influence the survival and adequate growth of seedlings in the field, the implementation of a holistic control protocol for reforestation is proposed, as well as the study and monitoring of the put into practice in a real reforestation for 10 years. The quality control itself has been contemplated on the different phases of the reforestation: from the review of the decisions taken in the project, through the execution on site, the evaluation of the stock quality of plant used, the site characterization, until climatological, environmental and reforestation monitoring (in terms of survival and growth). Based on different experimental approaches and sampling within a real reforestation, with changing conditions and extreme droughts, it has been possible to study in detail the quality of the plant and the suitability of the species used (Pinus sp., Quercus sp., Arbutus Unedo, Juniperus phoenicea and Fraxinus ornus). Then has been evaluated the repopulation after 10 years as a whole, knowing the other aspects and their interactions that influence the establishment, such as: the quality of execution, the site quality, the suitability of shelter tube, etc. Broadly speaking, the results in the experimental plot and in the reforestation, being the same the weather conditions, have not been very satisfactory after 10 years. Apart from knowing that the extreme droughts that have occurred have had a great influence and their interactions with other factors (increasing the negative effects), it has been possible to evaluate that there are species of doubtful suitability for certain site conditions; that correct execution plays an important role; that better zoning is required; and post-planting cultural treatment, such as the protective tube, can significantly influence the establishment of reforestation. Thus, apart from identify which are the most influential aspects in this particular reforestation, practical questions have been acquired when applying quality control from the project drafting of the new reforestations taking into account the new context, the climate change. / Segura Orenga, G. (2023). Estudio del establecimiento de repoblaciones forestales en el ámbito mediterráneo mediante un análisis holístico de factores técnicos y ecológicos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/192666

Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde am International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), jetzt International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) auf der Versuchsstation Debre Birhan in Äthiopien durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchung ist Teil eines panafrikanischen ILRI-Forschungsprogramms zur Untersuchung und Charakterisierung einheimischer kleiner Wiederkäuer im Sub-Saharischen Afrika auf genetische Resistenz gegenüber Endoparasiten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, Ergebnisse zu verschaffen, die zum Verständnis der relativen Leistung zweier äthiopischer Hochlandschafrassen (Horroschaf und Menzschaf) unter Stationsbedingungen dienen sollen. Horro-Lämmer (2,43±0,03 kg) waren signifikant (p / This study has been carried out at the former International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), that is now the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) experiment station at Debre Birhan, Ethiopia. This research is part of an ILCA (now ILRI) Pan-African research programme designed to investigate and characterise genetic resistance to endoparasites in some indigenous small ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study was, therefore, undertaken in an attempt to generate information that may contribute towards the understanding of the relative performance of two highland sheep (Horro and Menz) of Ethiopia under station management conditions. Horro lambs were significantly heavier (P

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Fabian Holzmann.pdf: 616808 bytes, checksum: e166252bee6ff56d9a6645cc9d778c3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-03 / This study has analyzed the service franchising enterprises evaluating factors that influence the survival rate of this population under the Organizational Ecology theory. The dynamics of the evolution process of this population was analyzed considering the density dependence model connected to legitimation and competition. Such factors, as well as size, were tested in statistic models (panel, logit and probit) using the data base developed with the information presented in the Guias da Associação Brasileira de Franquias between 1996 and 2007, to evaluate their impact over the population survival rate. Other relevant factors raised in Evolutionary Economics and Service Market Organization were also discussed. / Este estudo analisou as franquias de serviços avaliando os fatores que influenciam na taxa de sobrevivência dessas empresas sob a ótica da Ecologia Organizacional. A dinâmica da evolução da população de franquias de serviços foi avaliada com base na densidade da população e processos de legitimação e competição. Tais fatores, assim como o tamanho, foram testados em modelos estatísticos (modelo econométrico de painel, logit e probit) utilizando base de dados desenvolvida com base nos Guias da Associação Brasileira de Franquias entre o período de 1996 e 2007, para avaliar seu impacto sobre a taxa de sobrevivência da população. Com base nas teorias de Economia Evolucionária e Organização de Mercado em Serviços outros fatores relevantes para a sobrevivência das franquias de serviço também foram discutidos.

Limited data exists describing the long-term prognosis of patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) further stratified according to currently recommended ejection fraction (EF) findings. In addition, little is known about the magnitude of, and factors associated with, long-term prognosis for these patients. Based on previously validated and clinically relevant criteria, we defined HF-REF as patients with an EF value ≤40%, HF-PEF was defined as an EF value > 50%, and HF-BREF was defined as patients with an EF value during their index hospitalization between 41 and 49%. The hospital medical records of residents of the Worcester (MA) metropolitan area who were discharged after ADHF from all 11 medical centers in central Massachusetts during the 5 study years of 1995, 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006 were reviewed. Follow-up was completed through 2011 for all patient cohorts. The average age of this population was 75 years, the majority was white, and 44% were men. Patients with HF-PEF experienced higher post discharge survival rates than patients with either HF-REF or HF-BREF at 1, 2, and 5-years after discharge. Advanced age and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate findings at the time of hospital admission were important predictors of 1-year death rates, irrespective of EF findings. Previously diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and atrial fibrillation were associated with a poor prognosis in patients with PEF and REF whereas a history of diabetes was an important prognostic factor for patients with REF and BREF. In conclusion, although improvements in 1-year post-discharge survival were observed for patients in each of the 3 EF groups examined to varying degrees, the post- 7 discharge prognosis of all patients with ADHF remains guarded. In addition, we observed differences in several prognostic factors between patients with ADHF with varying EF findings, which have implications for more refined treatment and surveillance plans for these patients.

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