Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de certains documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. To respect the reproduction rights and copyrights, the electronic version of this thesis was stripped of images and audiovisuals. The integral version has been left with Documents Management and Archives Service at the University of Montreal. / Selon la sociologue Nathalie Heinich, l'éclatement actuel des pratiques artistiques a profondément modifié les stratégies de singularisation qui constituent, depuis Van Gogh, un impératif incontournable pour l'artiste moderne. Un des changements concerne la personne de l'artiste, qui se prend fréquemment lui-même pour sujet de ses oeuvres. Beaucoup de pratiques contemporaines, notamment celles qui adoptent le mode de la performance, reposent en effet sur des mises en scène de soi et servent de prétextes au déploiement de mythologies personnelles. Sophie Calle appartient à cette tendance puisque sa production opère un brouillage systématique entre sa vie et son art, entre la vérité et l'invention. Son oeuvre se développe sous l'égide des doubles jeux: chassés-croisés de moyens de diffusion (expositions/livres d'artiste), de médiums (performances/documents visuels), de voix auctorielles entremêlées (Calle/Auster). Prenant appui sur À suivre..., une publication qui reprend, en les complexifiant, des performances antérieures basées sur des opérations de filature (Suite vénitienne et La filature), le présent mémoire s'inspire des écrits de Philippe Lejeune et de Vincent Colonna pour débusquer la pulsion autofictionnelle à l'oeuvre dans ce type de projet à prétention autobiographique. Les ruses intertextuelles, incluant les discordances entre l'écrit et l'image photographique, servent à illustrer le propos. En s'inspirant des considérations de Maxence Alcalde sur l'artiste opportuniste, qui constitue selon cet auteur un des modèles du créateur contemporain, le mémoire examine la distance qui s'est instaurée entre cette figure et celle du Grand Singulier incarnée à l'origine du modernisme par Vincent Van Gogh. / Nathalie Heinich examines how the current diversity of artistic practices deeply modified the way artists singularise and assert themselves on the contemporary art scene. Going back to Van Gogh, the figure of the artist itself has taken precedence over the work, notably in the literature created by critics and biographers, despite the fact that the works themselves may very well be self-referential. A number of contemporary practices, notably those emanating from performance art, rely on a theatricalisation of the self, a mythologisation even. Among them, Sophie Calle constantly blurs the distinction between art and personal life, between fiction and reality. Her work entails various double games such as media and medium crossovers (exhibition/artist book; performance/visual documentation), recycling, publicity stunts and blurrings of authorship. This thesis examines À suivre…, a book by the artist that refers to previous performances (followed by exhibitions) on her favorite theme of tracking (Suite vénitienne and La filature). Philippe Lejeune and Vincent Colonna’s arguments are summoned to highlight the fictional impulse that inhabits works with an autobiographical pretension – writing strategies and play between illustrations (photographs) and text in Calle’s production demonstrate that. In light of Maxence Alcalde’s theorisation of the opportunistic artist, a figure he considers to be emblematic of the contemporary art scenes and markets, a great distance is revealed with Heinich’s Grand Singulier, a paradigmatic figure of the modernist artist.

Le sujet posé a pour but d’identifier le théâtre importé de Pologne et de déchiffrer le rôle qu’il joue dans la vie théâtrale française ainsi que dans le contexte culturel de la France. La présence du théâtre polonais de 1989 à nos jours en France est conditionnée par plusieurs facteurs : les relations historiques et culturelles entre les deux pays, l'activité des institutions et des personnes médiatrices, la vie théâtrale française et ses composantes. Jerzy Grotowski et Tadeusz Kantor continuent à garder leur importance pour le milieu théâtral français. Il se crée dans la conscience du spectateur/critique français une opinion que le théâtre polonais, comme celui de Kantor et de Grotowski, est un endroit laboratoire, où le temps du spectacle est sacré. Ce sont les théâtres d'art de Krystian Lupa et de Krzysztof Warlikowski qui s'avèrent de nouvelles révélations artistiques. Leurs œuvres démontrent la complexité de l'homme. Leur réception s'élargit sur les stages, les créations avec les artistes français et les mises en scène d'opéra pour Warlikowski. Cependant, ces metteurs en scène viennent en France très rarement avec les adaptations d’œuvres dramatiques polonaises. Les auteurs dramatiques polonais ont donc une certaine réception en France, surtout Witold Gombrowicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, Sławomir Mrożek qui passe par le chemin des traductions et des mises en scène proposées par des artistes français. La lecture de l'autre à travers le théâtre est supposée rester une lecture partielle, le récepteur n'ayant pas le même vécu historique que l'objet perçu. Néanmoins, malgré sa partialité, elle jette une nouvelle lumière sur le théâtre polonais. / This study represents an attempt to identify the Polish theater brought to France since 1989 and to analyse the role it currently plays in contemporary theatre in France as well as in the broader cultural context. Its very presence depends on several factors: historical and cultural relations between the two countries, related institutional and individual activity, as well as the French theatrical life itself and its components.Jerzy Grotowski and Tadeusz Kantor continue to maintain their iconic status in the French theater community. There is a well-rooted understanding of the Polish theater as an experimental space (by French theatergoers and critics alike and accomplished precisely through Kantor's and Grotowski's impact), where bearing witness to on-stage action is a sacred. Krystian Lupa's and Krzysztof Warlikowski's art theater appears to be the latest to date of artistic discoveries. Their works are seen as primarily dealing with complexities of human nature. What follows are internships, joint projects with collaborating French artists and opera productions (Warlikowski). Simultaneously these very same stage directors rarely bring their own adaptations of Polish drama repertoire to France.However, Polish playwrights in general do generate interest. This is particularly true for Witold Gombrowicz, Stanisław Witkiewicz, Sławomir Mrożek, but tends to happen another way through French translated and staged versions.Understanding the other through theater is often assumed to be an incomplete reading, as the reader does not have the same baggage of lived history as the object of his or her perception. Yet despite this obvious bias, this reading sheds a new light on the Polish theater.

La question centrale de cette recherche s’inscrit dans la foulée des problématiques autour de la patrimonialisation, de la performance et de la mise en scène des pratiques musicales. Elle vise plus précisément à comprendre comment et pourquoi les Judéo-espagnols de France, installés depuis le début du XXe siècle, utilisent les pratiques singulières des musiciens et chanteurs professionnels majoritairement externes à la communauté pour revendiquer leur patrimoine musical collectif et affirmer leur identité. La chercheuse replonge dans le passé afin de saisir comment le répertoire musical s’est construit et est devenu un objet quasiment exclusif au monde de l’art, alors qu’il reste associé aux répertoires dits « traditionnels ».En vue d’interroger la judéo-hispanité musicale et déterminer ce qui la caractérise au présent, une ethnographie multi-site auprès des artistes et de la communauté est proposée. Enfin, pour comprendre le sens des pratiques, différents espaces de performance sont examinés à partir de l’analyse des interactions entre les pôles de production et de réception, en cohérence avec le contexte général de la pratique et de l’ensemble des paramètres performanciels. La conclusion révèle notamment que la relation entre les artistes et la communauté génère un nouvel espace familial intimiste et que chacun des espaces forme un système interrelationnel dont l’interaction permet de produire un équilibre qui consiste à faire vivre et à investir le patrimoine musical au présent. Par ce biais, c’est notamment la problématique des catégories musicales(musiques populaires, musiques traditionnelles, musiques de scène) reliées aux espaces de pratique qui est interrogée. / The central question of this research follows the problematic of patrimonialization (heritization),performance and mise en scene of musical practices. It aims, more precisely, to understand how and whyJudeo-Spanish people settled in France since the early twentieth century, use individual practices ofprofessional musicians and singers who are predominantly external to the community to reclaim theircollective musical patrimony and affirm their identity. The researcher returns to the past in order tounderstand how this musical repertoire was constructed, and how it came to be almost exclusive to the artworld, even though it is still associated to with the traditional music repertoire. Moreover, in order toquestion the Judeo-Spanish nature of the music and determine what presently characterizes it, a multi-siteethnography of the artists and the community is proposed. Finally, with a view to understanding themeaning of these practices today different spaces of performance are examined, especially the interactionbetween the poles of production and reception, in a general context, and through an examination of theparameters of its performance practice. One of the conclusions reveals that the constant relationshipbetween the artist and the community generates a new kind of space for family and that each spaceconstitutes an inter-relational system, thus constructing an interactive equilibrium, which keeps the musicalpatrimony alive. In this way, it is the problematic of musical categories (e.g. popular music, traditionalmusic, staged music), related to spaces of practice, which is interrogated.

M.A. / This study was prompted principally by two events: reading Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day (1989), and encountering Pico lyer's Time article "The Empire Writes Back" (1993). lyer argues that the late twentieth century has been witness to an important event in the world of literature: the emergence of a new generation of writers writing in English, but not necessarily originating from British-colonial (or postcolonial) backgrounds. Among the writers lyer mentions are Vikram Seth, Michael Ondaatje, Ben Okri and - most notably - Kazuo Ishiguro. Ishiguro was born in Japan but emigrated with his parents to the United Kingdom at the age of six. This study focuses on his biculturalism and the impact that his mixed upbringing has had on his style and thematic concerns. This forms the principal focus of the first part of the study. The influence of Japanese writers, that of Japanese film and, finally, that of the European literary tradition are looked at in turn. The core of this study is a comparative analysis of Ishiguro's first three novels: A Pale View of Hills (1982), An Artist of the Floating World (1986), and The Remains of the Day (1989). Here certain common pre-occupations are identified and discussed - chiefly, Ishiguro's concern with memory, with constructions of the past, and his use of "unreliable" first-person narrators. It is argued that Ishiguro returns insistently to these thematic concerns in his first three novels, and that they can therefore be seen as constituting a three-part exploration of the notion of memory, of "reconstructing" the past. A separate chapter briefly examines Ishiguro's most recent work, The Unconsoled (1995), in which these themes are once again present, although they are bodied forth in a strikingly different style. The purpose of examining this novel is mainly to illustrate its formal and stylistic divergence from the first three (far more successful) novels - a divergence which in turn serves to throw into relief the thematic integrity of the first three novels. The study concludes by drawing together the discussion of the first three novels before moving on to a consideration of Ishiguro's place in what has become known as "New Internationalism". Here it is argued that Ishiguro's work has important resemblances to that of other writers loosely grouped into this literary movement and that he deserves his place among this illustrious group of writers who are changing the face of world literature written in English.

Cette thèse explore la réception de Michel-Ange entre 1875, date des célébrations florentines du IVe centenaire de la naissance de l’artiste, et 1914. À cette époque, le culte de Buonarroti s’affirme comme un phénomène d’ampleur qui touche simultanément à une histoire du goût, de la culture et de l’inspiration artistique. À travers une reconstruction minutieuse des réseaux internationaux, des cercles et des figures qui promeuvent l’admiration pour Michel-Ange, de Gabriele d’Annunzio à Auguste Rodin, nous parcourons les grandes questions critiques et esthétiques ouvertes par l’action d’un mythe qui se met véritablement à l’œuvre et investit directement la création de l’époque. D’une part la figure teintée de légende de Buonarroti permet de penser la figure du créateur divin, surhumain, démesuré, fournissant un paradigme idéal que les artistes de l’époque convoquent pour fabriquer leur propre gloire artistique. De l’autre, l’admiration pour Michel-Ange s’avère fonctionnelle à une création qui souhaite renouer avec la poétique du sublime, repensant la nudité héroïque et l’ambition du monumental, afin de produire une œuvre douée des mêmes qualités esthétiques que l’on attribue à l’art de Buonarroti. Le michelangelisme se révèle ainsi comme un enjeux majeur, capable de dévoiler une géographie artistique et culturelle inédite ainsi qu’un débat animé sur les usages multiples que l’on peut faire du passé, entre nostalgie et modernité, entre imitation et émulation. C’est alors une réflexion plus générale sur les notions d’autorité, de filiation et de référence que l’on peut également aborder à travers l’histoire du foisonnant revival de Michel-Ange au tournant du XIXe siècle. / This thesis explores the reception of Michelangelo between 1875, date on which the celebrations for the fourth centenary of the artist’s birth were held in Florence, and 1914. During this time, the cult of Buonarroti became an international phenomenon, rooted in a cultural history of taste and artistic inspiration. Through an attentive study of circles and figures that actively promoted the celebration of Michelangelo, from Gabriele d’Annunzio to Auguste Rodin, the aim of this work is to unveil the action of an artistic myth that deeply shaped the creation of the time. On one hand, the legendary figure of Michelangelo became the paradigm of the divine and superhuman creator ; on the other hand, the love for the old master unfolded the ambition of those who hoped to renew an art based on sublime subjects, heroic nudity and monumentality, in order to load their creation with the same aesthetics qualities seen in Michelangelo’s art. Thus, michelangelism reveals itself as a complex artistic problem, capable of shedding light on an unusual artistic geography, while revealing an animated debate upon the multiple uses of the past, between nostalgy and modernity, between imitation and emulation. On a larger scale, then, this subject also engage in a deeper investigation upon the fundamental notions of authority, parentage, and reference, who are at the very core of the revival of Michelangelo at the end of the nineteenth century.

Les interventions artistiques dans le monde des entreprises soulèvent la question de leur capacité critique, et de leur posture politique. L’artiste peut-il contribuer par son intervention à humaniser l’organisation, et diminuer l’exercice de l’autorité arbitraire qui s’y exerce ? Mes propres expériences au moyen d’un dispositif de discussion particulier, basé sur le principe « on choisit qui on écoute, on ne choisit pas à qui on parle », tentent d’instaurer un partage de la parole plus égalitaire sur les scènes ordinaires de la vie organisationnelle. En m’appuyant sur les théories de Jacques Rancière au sujet d’une esthétique politique, j’analyse deux cas où l’introduction de mon dispositif, destiné à ouvrir plus de possibilités d’écoute égalitaire, a résulté en conflits et en renforcement de l’autorité et de la confiscation de la parole. La description des logiques internes à l’expérience sensible des acteurs mène à penser une forme de dialogisme fondé non pas tant sur l’opposition entre autorité et dissensus, mais sur la prise en compte de l’autoritarisme de l’écoute elle-même. La critique de mon dispositif et de la manière dont sont activées les dimensions contradictoires du sensible de la parole, telles que les perçoivent les acteurs, ouvre sur l’art comme éducation esthétique à une forme d’écoute « dissensuelle », qui sache discerner les voix dans le bruissant de la scène de parole, tout en sachant que tout discernement est arbitraire. J’en déduis le type de responsabilité éthique que doit assumer mon approche des organisations par l’art, pour que l’esthétique au sens de Rancière rejoigne le politique en pratique. / Artistic interventions within organizations meet the issue of their political stance and their critical ability. Can the art intervention foster a humanization of the organization and lower the arbitrary and authoritarian regime? My own experiments through the mean of a discussion device and a protocol based on the rule: “you choose who you listen to, you cannot choose who you talk to”, strive at opening a more egalitarian sharing of the speech on the organizational stage. Drawing on Rancière’s aesthetic and politic theories, I investigate two cases where my intervention resulted in an increased enforcement of power and a restriction of the freedom to speak. By describing the internal logics underlying the actors’ experience of the sensible, I outline a conception of a dialogism not so much concerned with the right to speak and the claim for acknowledgement, as with the inevitable authoritarian quality of listening. The critique of my intervention and my art device and the consideration of the manners in which the actors perceive the heterogeneous dimensions of speech delineate an art form of intervention as an aesthetic education. Training a dissensual listening would mean knowing how to discern any voice among the rustling others, and knowing how discernment is arbitrary. I conclude by circumscribing which ethic responsibility I need to assume in order for my art approach towards organizations to qualify as a true political aesthetics in the sense of Rancière.

O trabalho artístico infanto-juvenil é a temática que norteia a presente pesquisa. Dentro desse tema, observa-se uma discussão ampla na doutrina sobre a sua validade e qual a forma jurídica da prestação de serviços quando a atividade é exercida por crianças e adolescentes. Para enveredar por esta problemática, traz-se como suporte metodológico a abordagem dedutiva e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. O texto esta dividido em capítulos, onde se abordam os distintos assuntos que confluem para os objetivos pretendidos. São eles: evolução das regras jurídicas de direito do trabalho e defesa da exploração do trabalho das crianças e adolescentes, importância do estudo das artes para o ser humano em desenvolvimento e legalidade dessa prática, e, por último, a inclusão dessa discussão no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. A conclusão a que se chega é que, de acordo com as regras jurídicas aplicáveis atualmente, é válido o trabalho infanto-juvenil artístico, desde que cumpridas as normas legais em vigor. / The artwork juvenile is the theme that guides the present research. Within this theme, there is a broad discussion on the doctrine on which the validity and the legal form of the service when the activity is carried out by children and adolescents. To embark on this issue brings up as methodological support the deductive approach and technical literature. The text is divided into chapters, which deal with the different issues that converge to the desired goals. They are: the evolution of legal rules of labor law and defense of labor exploitation of children and adolescents, the importance of the study of the arts to the developing human and legality of this practice, and, finally, the inclusion of this discussion in the legal paternal. The conclusion reached is that, according to the applicable legal rules currently valid work juvenile art, provided it fulfills the legal provisions in force

Uma parada - Antonio Manuel - Entre os artistas contemporâneos no Brasil nos anos 60 e 70, acreditamos que Antonio Manuel foi o que guardou um profundo mistério na sua produção. Mesmo ao ser censurado, trilhou sua trajetória e, aos poucos, ocupou um espaço suficiente para causar uma inversão da representação e encontrar um caminho errático que o fizesse, dinamicamente, atuar. Pela tomada do corpo, como gesto de liberdade, expandiu sua arte. Sua atitude de pensamento se transformou em fotografia. Quando falamos em \"uma parada\", queremos enfatizar a importância da pose pausada no auto-retrato do artista, para justificar a tese de que Antonio Manuel também expandiu a arte contemporânea pela fotografia. Essa ampliação doa to criativo se deu graças à presença constante das imagens fotográficas do corpo nos seus trabalhos, que, inquietos, iniciaram esse percurso, de modo a podermos afirmar que, hoje, a fotografia tem importante significado no conjunto de suas séries. Para corrigir a realidade imposta tão violentamente pela ditadura militar, timidamente, Antonio Manuel abandonou o desenho sobre jornais para se apropriar das fotografias da imprensa, como também transgredir, corajosamente, a gramática dos veículos de comunicação de massa. Interessa-nos apontar para a importância dessa atitude e, para isso, desenvolvemos algumas possibilidades de compreensão. Consideramos as estratégias propostas pelos críticos Mário Pedrosa e Frederico de Morais e, ainda, os diversos teóricos que estudamos para tornar o debate da época, sobre as estratégias da arte contemporânea no Brasil dos anos 60 e 70, plausível. A arte fotográfica de Antonio Manuel, particularmente as imagens fotográficas do corpo, tiveram uma incrível ressonância na crítica de arte nacional e internacional. Porém, não vem sendo exibida como uma das poucas manifestações visuais que soube estar em sintonia com as diferentes tendências da arte fotográfica das últimas duas décadas. Para confirmar sua importância conceitual, delimitamos sua produção entre os anos de 1967 e 1977. A estrutura dos capítulos não segue à risca uma ordem cronológica, mas principalmente, a relação do ato criativo com o conjunto das séries. Destacamos as análises dos auto-retratos e dos retratos, bem como dos filmes do artista, em que a arte da desaparição de Jean Baudrillard sustenta a noção de \"parada\" fotográfica. Uma Parada tem ênfase no retrato, nos objetos inquietantes e nas imagens perturbadoras, que gestaram a relação do artista com o mundo durante um período de crise da arte. Porém, a crise do sujeito em Antonio Manuel é desafiadora, porque subverteu os modelos e desarticulou as referências, por enfrentar o processo de trabalho com luta e criatividade. Da sua liberdade, o espectador-participador se torna cúmplice. / A paused pose - Antonio Manuel - Among the Brazilian contemporary artists of the 60s and 70s we believe that Antonio Manuel has been the one who has kept a profound mystery in his production. Even when he was banned, he managed to make his way and, little by little, take enough place to cause an inversion of representation, finding an erratic path that made him act dynamically. By taking the body as a gesture of freedom, he has expanded art. His way of thinking has turned into photography. When we say a pause, we want to emphasize the importance of the paused pose in the artists self portrait so as to justify the thesis that Antonio Manuel has also expanded contemporary art through photography. This enlargement of the creative act was due to the constant presence of photographic body images in his works, which, in a restless way, started this journey, enabling our statement that, today, photography has a meaning in the complex oh his series. In order to correct the reality so violently imposed by the military dictatorship, Antonio Manuel abandoned drawing over newspapers timidly to appropriated in pointing out the importance of this attitude and, for that purpose, we have developed some possibilities of comprehension. We have considered the strategies suggested by critics Mario Pedrosa and Frederico de Morais, as well as many other theorists we have studied, so as to make plausible the debate on the strategies of Brazilian contemporary art in the 60s and 70s at that time. The photography art of Antonio Manuel, particularly his photographic body images, has had an incredible resonance among the national and international art critic. However, it has not been exhibited as one of the few visual manifestations which knew how to be tuned with the different tendencies of photographic art in the last couple of decades. In order to confirm his conceptual importance, we have delimited his production between the years of 1967 and 1977. The structure of the chapters does not necessarily follow a chronological order, but rather the relationship between the creative act and the complex of series. We have highlighted the analysis oh his self portraits and portraits, as well as the film, where the art of disappearance by Jean Baudrillard supports the concept of photographic pause. A Paused Pose emphasizes the portrait, the disturbing objects and the alarming images which conceived the relationship between the artist and the world during a period of art crisis. However, the crisis of the subject in Antonio Manuel is challenging, for it has subverted the models and disarticulated the references by facing the work process with struggle and creativity. The spectator participant becomes an accomplice of this freedom.

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