The Viking Age rune-carvers and their readers used runes as a semiotic resource to convey and structure the messages on rune-stones. An analysis of the ways in which this resource is used together with other resources gives us a deeper insight into the relationship between writers and readers and into the written culture in which the rune-stones were produced. The present study treats runic carvings as multimodal texts in which different semiotic modes produce meaning by visual and verbal means. The roles played by runes in such texts are studied from three different perspectives. The empirical study in chapter 3 investigates how the verbal messages of the inscriptions interrelate with ornamental compositions. The most important convention found is that runic inscriptions usually start in the lower left part of the ornamental band in which they are inscribed. A second result is that there is a certain correlation between the visual and syntactic structure of runic texts. In chapter 4, Södermanlandic inscriptions employing more than one writing system are investigated. These carvings can be tied to a context of high social ambition in which at least two different, socially stratified discourses are expressed by means of the runes as a visual semiotic mode. Chapter 5 is devoted to non-lexical inscriptions, showing that such carvings are indeed runic texts despite their lack of verbal message. Different types of readers can use runic resources in different ways. Firstly, runes carry meaning independent of any verbal message, giving them significance even to illiterate readers. Secondly, literate readers can appreciate certain conventions of runic composition and, thirdly, one and the same runic text can be part of different discourses and hence be aimed at different kinds of readers. / <p>Disputationen sker på norska och svenska</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gloria.pdf: 603155 bytes, checksum: 702408ce63b5c395391d0fb4dd2ae9a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The production of images is each day more intense and diversified in the societies contemporaries; in this context, the television is one of half the accessible ones to the Brazilian citizens.However, the reading of the products in the propagated ones, tends to follow the fugacidade of its images and sounds. It adds this its syncretic constitution, factor that at the same time intersemioses presents and becomes complex more the net that interlaces distinct languages, appearance, verbal, sonorous, gestual, beyond the specific aspects of the audiovisual narrative. With a decisive paper in the emancipation of the citizen, it is basic that the professors promote different strategies for the reception of televisuais texts. Amongst them, it has the commercial propaganda, which takes by the art elements and ways to compose the organization of the speech, in order to add aesthetic and artistic value to the mark or commercialized product. The purpose you gave study is to verify as children, young and adults if they relate with the effect of directions propagated in televisuais texts, to leave of gotten results of readings proceeded for different segments in a field research. As theoretical base to refer the analyses of the citizens the semiotics of greimasiana extration is used, also known as discursive semiotics. In, the concepts of text, plan of expression, plan of content, isotopy, syncretism and intertextualidade make possible the inquiry of the narrative and the effect of felt of the inferred images of it. One is about a repertoire of studies organized and considered for Argildas Julien Greimas, that later had been developed by Jean-Marie Floch, Eric Landowski, as well as for on to this theoretical chain, principles theoreticianmethodological and applied Brazilian researchers to the photograph, painting, architecture, music, cinema, poetry and propaganda; it is still registered that recently research only appears on audio-visuais texts. Adopting focal interviews and having as analysis corpus the propaganda "Fazendinha Tirol", directed the children, was possible to observe that it has understanding of the speeches considered for the propaganda, as well as the recognition of as if establish the veridicção contract, beyond the perception of the phenomenon of the syncretism, gift in the languages that constitute this propaganda. For in such a way, the citizens use as reference its proper previous experiences. In general way, the directions it spectator are captured by the unusual one and the breaking promoted by means of the stimulation of the sensible one. However, they do not obtain to explicitar the perception of the contained changeable organizations in the expression plan, which determine the construction of concepts and effect of direction. In other words, the citizens do not perceive where if they articulate the meanings that they understand. Although this study it has presented resulted significant, inquiries about of this object deserve continuity, on this or others you arrive in port theoretical and methodological / A produção de imagens é cada dia mais intensa e diversificada nas sociedades contemporâneas; neste contexto, a televisão é um dos meios mais acessíveis aos cidadãos brasileiros. Porém, a leitura dos produtos nela veiculados, tende a acompanhar a fugacidade de suas imagens e sons. Acrescente-se a isso sua constituição sincrética, fator que ao mesmo tempo apresenta intersemioses e torna mais complexa a rede que entrelaça distintas linguagens, visual, verbal, sonora, gestual, além dos aspectos específicos da narrativa audiovisual. Com um papel decisivo na emancipação do sujeito, é fundamental que os professores promovam diferentes estratégias para a recepção de textos televisuais. Dentre eles, há a propaganda comercial, a qual toma da arte elementos e modos de compor a organização do discurso, a fim de agregar valor estético e artístico à marca ou produto comercializado. A finalidade deste estudo é verificar como crianças, jovens e adultos se relacionam com os efeitos de sentidos veiculados em textos televisuais, a partir de resultados obtidos de leituras procedidas por diferentes segmentos em uma pesquisa de campo. Como base teórica para referenciar as análises dos sujeitos é utilizada a semiótica de extração greimasiana, também conhecida como semiótica discursiva. Nela, os conceitos de texto, plano de expressão, plano de conteúdo, isotopia, sincretismo e intertextualidade possibilitam a investigação da narrativa e dos efeitos de sentido das imagens dela depreendidos. Trata-se de um repertório de estudos organizados e propostos por Argildas Julien Greimas, que foram depois desenvolvidos por Jean-Marie Floch, Eric Landowski, bem como por pesquisadores brasileiros ligados a esta corrente teórica, princípios teórico-metodológicos e aplicados à fotografia, pintura, arquitetura, música, cinema, poesia e propaganda; registre-se ainda que apenas recentemente surgem pesquisas sobre textos audiovisuais. Adotando entrevistas focais e tendo como corpus de análise a propaganda "Fazendinha Tirol", dirigida às crianças, foi possível observar que há compreensão dos discursos propostos pela propaganda, bem como o reconhecimento de como se estabelece o contrato de veridicção, além da percepção do fenômeno do sincretismo, presente nas linguagens que constituem esta propaganda. Para tanto, os sujeitos usam como referência as suas próprias vivências anteriores. De maneira geral, os sentidos do espectador são capturados pelo inusitado e pela fratura promovida por meio da estimulação do sensível. Porém, não conseguem explicitar a percepção das organizações variáveis contidas no plano de expressão, as quais determinam a construção de conceitos e efeitos de sentido. Em outras palavras, os sujeitos não percebem onde se articulam os significados que eles compreendem. Embora este estudo tenha apresentado resultados significativos, investigações acerca deste objeto

Esta pesquisa trata dos elementos de linguagem do Design Audiovisual, pensados como um sistema de signos auditivos, visuais e verbais, simultaneamente transmitidos, enfatizando suas relações e composição transversal no tempo e espaço. Como disciplina nova do Design, o Design Audiovisual nasce do cinema, se desenvolve com a televisão, incorpora os elementos do Design Gráfico e se aperfeiçoa com a informática, tendo seu processo agilizado pela da tecnologia digital emergente pós anos 1990. A evolução da tecnologia de pré-produção, produção e pós-produção nos meios audiovisuais, mais especificamente no cinema, e a crescente possibilidade da criação de um design audiovisual digital complexo, levou-nos a discutir e constatar a necessidade de um modelo para demonstrar esta pluralidade de elementos, frágeis e imprevisíveis, como bolhas de uma espuma. Para tanto, foi proposto o Modelo da Espuma Audiovisual. A tese fundamenta-se, principalmente, na teoria de Lucia Santaella, em Matrizes da linguagem e pensamento, que forneceu ferramentas para a análise destas relações; e do filósofo alemão Peter Sloterdijk, que suportou a proposta do Modelo da Espuma pelo seu caráter metafórico, sistêmico e complexo. Como procedimento empírico, foram realizados estudos de caso de Design Audiovisual de Créditos de Abertura de filmes e, ao final do processo, desenvolveu-se o projeto experimental do Modelo da Espuma Audiovisual, que se transformou em uma Instalação 3D Imersiva, denominada \"Paixão e Violência\". Visa contribuir para a formação ou atualização de designers inseridos no início de século XXI, em meio ao cenário contemporâneo, por isso seu caráter abrangente. Os resultados esclarecem sobre as características dos elementos de linguagem do Design Audiovisual, não apenas como elementos \"emprestados\" de outras linguagens, mas portadores de identidade própria, híbrida, complexa, frágil e única. / This research deals with Audiovisual Design language elements, elaborated as an audio/visual/verbal system that simultaneously transmits all its elements, emphasizing their relationship and their transversal composition in time and space. Originally from Cinema, Audiovisual Design originate a new discipline in Design, develops along with Television, feeds from Graphic Design elements and improves with Informatics; it has its own process expedited by emergent digital technology post-1990. The evolution of pre-production, production and post-production in audiovisual mediums, more precisely in Cinema, plus an expanding perspective of creating more complex digital Audiovisual Design, leads us to a discussion yp identify the need of a model that would be able to demonstrate the plurality of these frail, unpredictable, \"bubbles in the foam\"-like elements. That was the beginning of the Audiovisual Foam Model thesis. The thesis fundaments come mainly from Lucia Santaella\'s theories of Language and Thinking Matrix, which are tools for understanding the mentioned relationships; and from the Dutch philosopher Peter Sloterdijk\'s work, that supported the Foam Model because of its metaphoric, systemic and complex character. As an empiric procedure, some study cases were made based on Audiovisual Design of Open Titles, and by the end of this process an experimental Project of the Audiovisual Foam Model was developed, leading to a 3D Immersive Installation named \"Passion and Violence\". This research aims to contribute to the academic formation and updating of designers in beginning of the XXI century, in the middle of its contemporary scenario, and to presents a comprehensive approach. The results brings about a clearer vision of the language elements of the Audiovisual Design, not only as \"borrowed\" elements from other disciplines but also as unique, hybrid, complexes elements on their own identity.

Educational textbooks have the power to influence pupils’ perception of the world. In the subject of English, this specifically concerns learning about cultures in different parts of the world where English is used. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of cultural representation in two English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks with the aim to make the hidden curriculum visible and to raise awareness among publishing houses and teachers. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) based on Fairclough’s (2001) three-dimensional model in combination with Barthes’ (1977) Visual Semiotics methodology, we investigated which regions and countries were presented and how their cultures were constructed through texts and images. These findings were further compared to the cultural values and content of the Swedish curriculum, the genre of textbooks, and existing hegemonic discourses in society. In the analysis, Kachru’s (1986) Circles of World Englishes, Machin and Mayr’s (2012) toolkit for CDA, McKay’s (2010) interpretation of Anderson’s (1983) imagined communities, and Said’s (2003) concept of Orientalism were applied. Our findings show that the inner circle dominates and is depicted as superior in contrast to the outer and expanding circles. Although the textbooks include a variation of different cultures which is in line with the curriculum, representation of the outer and expanding circles is often stereotypical and underdeveloped which reinforces hegemonic discourses instead of acting to restructure them. This corresponds to previous studies in the genre, and hence, educators must work to ensure that the hidden curriculum in ELT textbooks is continuously made visible and challenged.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Godoy de Oliveira.pdf: 16800648 bytes, checksum: f0a44c392337b42e3c5efe0ca1d2631a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Printed T-shirt is analyzed in this research as main garment of the subject s clothing composition. Among many brands in fashion market, the US online shop of printed Tshirts Threadless distinguishes itself by its online community, which promotes participation of graphic artists, communication field professionals and general users in several stages of its printed T-shirts production. This process starts by creation of new designs which are submitted to community s polls, goes on by election of designs that most identify with it and results in production and shopping availability of most voted designs. Approved artists are rewarded financially and symbolically by community. Approved designs carry most often pop and popular cultural themes. In Brazil, the online shop of printed T-shirts Chico Rei bets on an own creation team that also products printed T-shirts with the already shown themes, plus it invests on its Country s regional culture as differential mark of its creations. The research corpus is composed by these two shops and analyzed by the period of twelve months. This research s main objective is to inspect how a printed T-shirt becomes a garment that constitutes identities of personal/individual and/or of belonging groups, and how online interactions turned available by both shops intensify their relations with the user. It was verified that signification and meaning construction of a T-shirt design, whether elected by interaction of a potential user inside a community (Threadless) or by a set curatorship with sanction power (Chico Rei) potencialize this T-shirt to act as an actant in interaction with another actant (the one that wears it). There is then a subjectal interaction that unleashes a to feel both concerning the self as concerning the other, able to make the subject to rearrange himself to his everyday life, to put himself in the world with a visuality that holds identity possibilities of belonging to a group, of social prestige and of discoveries of the very subject. The theoretical framework used is discursive semiotics developed by A. J. Greimas and expanded on its narrative and discursive unfoldings by Eric Landowski, and on its plastic and sensible unfoldings by J.-M. Floch and A. C. de Oliveira. Through analysis regarding interaction regimes of the brands in their online shops and of their digital communication it was possible to realize how interaction inside a community builds and supports shared tastes among its members / A camiseta estampada é analisada nesta pesquisa como peça principal da composição vestimentária do sujeito. Entre tantas marcas no mercado da moda, a loja online de camisetas estampadas estadunidense Threadless se destaca por sua comunidade online que estimula a participação de artistas gráficos, profissionais da área da comunicação e usuários em geral em diversas etapas na produção de suas camisetas estampadas. Este processo se inicia pela criação de novas estampas que são submetidas à votação da comunidade, passa pela eleição das estampas que mais se identificam com ela e resulta na produção das estampas mais votadas e sua disponibilização para compra. Os artistas aprovados são premiados financeira e simbolicamente pela comunidade. As estampas aprovadas trazem na maioria dos casos a temática da cultura pop e da cultura popular. No Brasil, a loja online de camisetas estampadas Chico Rei aposta em uma equipe própria de criação que também produz estampas com as temáticas já apresentadas, e investe ainda na cultura regional de seu país como diferencial de suas criações. O corpus é composto por essas duas lojas e analisado pelo período de doze meses. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é investigar como uma camiseta estampada se torna peça vestimentária constitutiva de identidade pessoal/individual e/ou de grupos de pertencimento, e como as interações online disponibilizadas por ambas as marcas intensificam suas relações com o usuário. Constatou-se que a significação e construção de sentido de uma camiseta estampada elegida pela interação de seu potencial usuário em uma comunidade (Threadless) ou por uma curadoria sancionadora estabelecida (Chico Rei) potencializam esta camiseta a atuar como um actante em interação com o outro actante (o que a veste). Tem-se então uma interação subjetal que desencadeia um sentir tanto em relação a si mesmo como em relação ao outro, capaz de fazer o sujeito rearranjar-se para o seu dia a dia, pôr-se no mundo com uma visualidade que guarda possibilidades identitárias, de pertencimento a um grupo, de prestígio social e de descobertas do próprio sujeito. O arcabouço teórico utilizado é da semiótica discursiva desenvolvida por A. J. Greimas e expandida em seus desdobramentos narrativo e discursivo por Eric Landowski e plásticos e sensíveis por J.-M. Floch e A. C. de Oliveira. Pelas análises dos regimes de interação das marcas em suas lojas online e de sua comunicação digital foi possível perceber como a interação em uma comunidade constrói e sustenta gostos compartilhados entre seus membros

This thesis studies how one can convey meaning in games by utilising pictorial feedback alone. With the help of Peircean visual semiotics the signs for the case study Among Ripples are assembled and later analysed in detail. As a subtopic the thesis also explores if it is possible to embed pictorial feedback into the game world instead of having it superimposed. The results showed that it is possible to convey some feedback with pictorial means alone, and that the entry points for understanding are not the same between different people. They look at different cues from the pictorial feedback constructed.

Mémoire en recherche-création, associé à un programme de maîtrise individualisé dirigé en cotutelle. Département de physique et département de communication. / Les milieux de production et de diffusion des savoirs sont marqués par une omniprésence des modalités visuelles de représentation, et la physique n’y fait pas exception. Ce mémoire de recherche-création en physique et communication explore la place et le fonctionnement de l’image, et de la relation texte-image, dans des dispositifs de médiation des connaissances appartenant à cette discipline scientifique. Après un retour historique sur la notion de temps en physique, je poursuis en dirigeant l’attention vers les images du temps objectif tout particulièrement. Le temps objectif, par la pluralité de ses compréhensions et représentations en physique, mais aussi par sa relation particulière aux images que l’on assume atemporelles, s’arrime bien aux motifs de ce travail. Huit manuels de physique standards sont analysés pour comprendre et catégoriser les types et les fonctions des images. Pour ce faire, j’effectue d’abord une analyse sémiotique des images. Avec les résultats, je développe une classification de six catégories d’images, ce qui me permet d’ordonner et de mettre en valeur leur richesse sémiotique. J’analyse ensuite les textes (titres et passages textuels référant aux images) par deux méthodes : 1) une analyse quantifié avec l’écriture d’un programme Python qui automatise la recherche de mots clés et 2) une lecture proche de ces textes pour en soutirer la façon dont les auteurs qualifient leurs images. J’incorpore une dimension créative supplémentaire à ma démarche en réalisant deux visualisations des concepts et thèmes émergents de l’analyse. Je propose ainsi une interprétation des résultats par une carte des images du temps objectif et une image qui aborde l’ambiguïté du discours des auteurs, la subordination du langage textuel ainsi que la négociation du statut de l’image entre modalité de représentation dévaluée et dispositif de présentation objectif. Tout au long de ce travail, j’intègre les questionnements de ma recherche dans ma propre démarche, en produisant de nombreuses figures pour analyser et interpréter les concepts, ce qui me permet d’expérimenter moi-même avec le visuel en tant que modalité de production de savoirs. À travers la poursuite d’une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement épistémologique des images en physique, je propose des pistes méthodologiques pour travailler au croisement d’une science naturelle, de la communication et la culture visuelle. / Knowledge production and dissemination environments are marked by the omnipresence of visual modes of representation, and physics is no exception. This research-creation project in physics and communication explores the place and functioning of the image, and of the text-image relationship, in knowledge mediation devices belonging to this scientific discipline. After a historical overview on the concept of time in physics, I continue by directing attention to the images of objective time in particular. Objective time, by the plurality of its understandings and representations in physics, but also by its particular relationship to images that we assume to be timeless, fits well with the reasons for this work. Eight standard physics textbooks are analyzed to understand and categorize the types and functions of images. To do this, I first perform a semiotic analysis of the images. With the results, I develop a classification of six categories of images, which allows me to order and highlight their semiotic richness. I then analyze the texts (titles and text segments referring to the images) by two methods: 1) a quantified analysis with the writing of a Python program which automates the research of keywords and 2) a close reading of these texts to extract the way in which the authors qualify their images. I incorporate an additional creative dimension to my approach by making two visualizations of the concepts and emerging themes of the analysis. I thus propose an interpretation of the results by a map of objective time images and an image that addresses the ambiguity of the authors’ discourse, the subordination of textual language as well as the negotiation of the status of the image between devalued representation mode and device objective presentation. Throughout this work, I integrate the questions of my research into my own approach, producing numerous figures to analyze and interpret the concepts, which allows me to experiment with the visual as a modality of knowledge production. Through the pursuit of a better understanding of the epistemological functioning of images in physics, I propose methodological tracks to work at the intersection of natural science, communication and visual culture.

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine how social media, specifically Instagram, is utilized in three special collections libraries in Sweden. The intent is to understand why Instagram is a plausible platform for the purpose of showcasing the libraries’ cultural heritage collections, how this is done and who the target audience is. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Roland Barthes’s visual semiotic terms denotation and connotation. The study also applies Lorri Mon’s analytical tools when examining how libraries can use social media in a successful manner. The three selected libraries are Uppsala University Library, Lund University Library and Roggebiblioteket. Six Instagram posts, between October 2018 and Mars 2019, from each library are analyzed, and e-mail interviews have been conducted with the librarians behind the accounts. Finally, the results are compared to showcase their differences and similarities, but also to compare them to previous studies on social media use in libraries. The results show that Instagram is used to display the libraries’ cultural heritage and make the collections more approachable to the general public – specifically to foreign researchers. The librarians also use Instagram as a platform to connect with other cultural heritage institutions and librarians all over the world. Through publishing esthetically pleasing pictures of old historical books, maps and other materials, they want to attract new users and put their library on the map. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Denna studie har genomförts på en barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk mottagning i norra Sverige. Syftet med studien var att beskriva vad barn och ungdomar gestaltar i sina bilder i väntrummet. I väntrummet anslog frivilliga deltagare i studien sina bilder på skärmar. Datainsamlingen pågick under 4 månader. Data analyserades med ett för ändamålet konstruerat skattningsformulär som vilade på en bildsemiotisk teorigrund samt med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade på sex kategorier baserat på bildanalysen och nio kategorier baserat på textanalysen. Kommunikation av känslor och tankar kunde identifieras i såväl bild som text. Slutsatsen är att en del av besökarna i BUPs väntrum använder möjligheten att skapa bilder där och att formen för bildskapande där bilden anslås till öppet beskådande stimulerar ett slags samtal mellan bilderna i väntrummet. Bilderna hade i vissa fall ett starkt emotionellt innehåll som gestaltades i såväl bild som text. / This study was carried out on a child and adolescent psychiatric unit in northern Sweden. The aim of the study was to describe what children and young people create in their pictures in the waiting room. In the waiting room voluntary participants were invited to create and put up images on screens. Data collection lasted for 4 months. Data were analyzed using a specially designed assessment form which rested on a theory of visual semiotics basis and using qualitative content analysis. The results showed six categories based on image analysis and nine categories based on text analysis. Communication of thoughts and feelings could be identified in both images and texts. The conclusion is that some of the visitors in the child and adolescent psychiatry waiting room take the opportunity to create images and that the project stimulated a kind of visual dialogue in the waiting room. The images hade in some cases a strong emotional content that was both visual and verbal.

Réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université de la Sorbonne - Paris IV / L’objet de cette thèse est de définir un type de poésie visuelle moderne (XXe-XXIe), que nous avons nommé la poésie graphique et qui attache une importance considérable à l’expérimentation plastique du signe graphique, qui manifeste une conscience aiguë des ressources visuelles de la graphie et entend réaliser la poésie dans la matérialité des formes de l’écriture. Cette pratique graphique et plastique du poème s’inscrit dans la continuité, mais également dans un certain renouveau des avant-gardes poétiques et artistiques du XXe siècle, notamment du surréalisme. La poésie graphique désigne une pratique de la poésie à caractère spécifiquement graphique, qui recouvre tant une peinture du signe qu’un travail typographique de la lettre pour élaborer le poème. La particularité des poètes graphiques est leur double vocation, celle d’écrivain et celle de plasticien. Ils expérimentent l’écriture dans sa dimension linguistique et dans sa dimension graphique, en considérant que l’activité de scription ou de linotypie — c’est-à-dire la peinture ou le dessin du mot, du signe graphique, la typographie et l’édition — est déjà littérature. Autrement dit, ils envisagent que la création et la matérialisation du poème procèdent du même geste. Les logogrammes de Christian Dotremont, les poèmes-estampes et les livres d’artistes (Éditions Erta) de Roland Giguère, les recueils de signes inventés et d’encres d’Henri Michaux et la typoésie de Jérôme Peignot constituent des formes de poésie graphique. Notre étude porte donc sur des œuvres francophones, issues des domaines belge, français et québécois, produites entre 1950 et 2004. Trois caractéristiques définissent principalement la poésie graphique : l’ambiguïté et le nomadisme du signe du poème par rapport aux ordres sémiotiques — scriptural, iconique et plastique —, la présence d’un rythme et d’un lyrisme graphiques, comme modalités de l’expression du sujet dans la matière graphique, et une remise en cause de la ligne de partage entre les arts autographiques et allographiques, nécessitant de nouveaux modes de perception et de lecture du poème et du livre, soit une « iconolecture » et une « tactilecture ». / The purpose of this thesis is to define a type of modern visual poetry (20th – 21st), that we called graphic poetry. The graphic poetry focuses on a plastic and visual experimentation of the graphic sign, demonstrates an important conscience of the visual potential of the written form and tries to produce poetry in the materiality of the writing shapes. This artistic practice of poetry follows and also renews the poetic and plastic avant-gardes of the 20th century, more particularly surrealism. The graphic poetry refers to a practice of poem which is specifically graphic and includes a painting of the sign as a typographic work of the letter in order to produce the poem. The main characteristic of graphic poets is their double vocation : they are writers and visual artists. They experiment writing in its linguistic dimension and its graphic dimension, because they believe that the action of drawing a line or making of a linotype setting — namely the painting or the drawing of the word, of the graphic sign, the typography and the publishing — is already literature. In other words, graphic poets think that the creation and the materialization of the poem proceed of the same gesture. Christian Dotremont’s logograms, Roland Giguère’s artists’ books (Editions Erta) and prints-poems, Henri Michaux’s anthologies of invented painted signs and Jérôme Peignot’s typoems are some forms of graphic poetry. Our study focuses on francophone works, which come from Belgian, French and Quebec fields, published between 1950 and 2004. Three characteristics mainly define the graphic poetry : the ambiguity and the nomadism of the sign in relation to the semiotic systems (graphic, iconic and plastic), graphics rhythm and lyricism, as modalities of the expression of the subject in the graphic material, and a questioning of the distinction between autographic arts and allographic arts, requiring new ways of perception and reading of the poem and the book, that we called visual-reading and touch-reading.