Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-26T18:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Andr? Lu?s Funcke.pdf: 2966034 bytes, checksum: bfb24d140c815977a4ccdc39c785b761 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T18:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Andr? Lu?s Funcke.pdf: 2966034 bytes, checksum: bfb24d140c815977a4ccdc39c785b761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / The biggest challenge to promote decent work (according to the International Labor Organization) at regions with the production organization influenced by global supply chains is to generate upgrading that benefit both companies and workers. Analyses of global production networks and value chains have focused mainly on companies, without considering the role of work and institutions indirectly linked to the means of production. The most widely used theoretical scope to address the issue of including local producers in global supply chains is the Global Value Chain. Some authors may argue that the GVC is not a theory but an analytical framework, that can be used within different theoretical approaches. However, to evaluate social up/downgrading, it was necessary that the initial analytical framework was complemented by a social network approach, in order to understand the interrelationship between all parts that influence the organization of local production, including issues related to legislation, trade unions and social protection. This research project aims to contribute to the understanding issues applied to the agricultural sector, investigating the relationship between firm economic upgrading and social upgrading regarding rural workers and small farmers, based on the assumption that economic upgrading does not necessarily lead to social upgrading. The study object is the productive organization of the irrigated region Petrolina / Juazeiro, which includes large commercial farms, large, medium and small farmers, multinational businesses and has its production focused on domestic and international markets. It was found that the inclusion of a productive region in global supply chains through value-added activities, obtains through technical capacity and standards aiming the international market, can benefit large and medium producers, but usually leads to exclusion of small farmers with low investment capacity, mainly family holders. On the other hand, the achievement of economic upgrading does not immediately imply in social upgrading to rural workers and small farmers, nor is guaranteed by the influence of the leading firms at the global supply chain. Obtaining social upgrading it is strongly related to the existence of an institutional and legal framework, that ensures voice and bargaining power by workers. This arrangement is highly influenced by the presence of a public administration with a focus on the pursuit of social equity and by de convergence of domestic and international markets. / O maior desafio para promover condi??es decentes de trabalho (segundo a organiza??o Mundial do Trabalho) associados a cadeias de produ??o integradas com mercados globais ? gerar ganhos que beneficiem tanto empresas quanto trabalhadores. As an?lises de redes de produ??o global e cadeias de valores t?m focado principalmente em empresas, sem considerar o papel do trabalho e de institui??es indiretamente ligadas ao meio de produ??o. O escopo te?rico mais utilizado para tratar a quest?o de inser??o de produtores em cadeias de suprimento globalizadas ? o Global Value Chain, que, recentemente, sofreu uma amplia??o para dar conta n?o apenas de quest?es econ?micas, mas tamb?m de quest?es sociais. Alguns autores argumentam que o GVC n?o ? um referencial te?rico e sim uma abordagem anal?tica que pode ser usada dentro de diversos enfoques te?ricos. No entanto, para dar conta da avalia??o de ganhos/perdas sociais foi necess?rio que o referencial anal?tico inicial fosse complementado por uma abordagem de rede social de forma a perceber o inter-relacionamento entre todos os atores que influenciam na organiza??o da produ??o local, incluindo quest?es relacionadas ? legisla??o, sindicalismo e prote??o social. Este projeto de pesquisa visa contribuir para a compreens?o de um quadro anal?tico aplicado ao setor agr?cola, que possa investigar o relacionamento entre as melhorias econ?micas obtidas por empresas e melhorias sociais dos trabalhadores rurais e pequenos produtores, partindo da suposi??o de que melhorias econ?micas n?o necessariamente levam a melhorias sociais. O objeto de estudo ser? a organiza??o produtiva da fruticultura no Brasil, atrav?s de pesquisas de campo conduzidas nos per?metros irrigados de Petrolina/Juazeiro, que comporta grandes fazendas comerciais, grandes, m?dios e pequenos produtores rurais, multinacionais e que tem sua produ??o voltada tanto aos mercados dom?sticos como internacionais. Verificou-se que a inser??o de uma regi?o produtiva em cadeias de produ??o globais atrav?s atividades de agrega??o de valor ? produ??o por interm?dio de melhorias t?cnicas e adequa??o da produ??o ao mercado internacional, pode trazer benef?cios para grandes e m?dio produtores, mas geralmente funciona como mecanismo de exclus?o de pequenos agricultores com baixa capacidade de investimento, principalmente os familiares. A converg?ncia entre as din?micas do mercado dom?stico e do mercado internacional ? fundamental para ampliar os ganhos econ?micos e sociais dos atores que comp?es a organiza??o da produ??o. Por outro lado, a consecu??o de ganhos econ?micos em ganhos sociais para trabalhadores rurais e agricultores familiares n?o ? imediata, nem garantida pela influ?ncia dos atores l?deres na coordena??o da cadeia produtiva. A obten??o de ganhos sociais est? fortemente vinculada ? exist?ncia de um arcabou?o institucional e legal, que garanta voz e poder de negocia??o por parte dos trabalhadores e foi altamente influenciada pela presen?a de uma gest?o p?blica com enfoque na busca da equidade social.

A presente pesquisa centrou-se em analisar as implicações do processo de supervisão e sua importância para a formação acadêmico-profissional em Serviço Social, tendo como pressuposto o acompanhamento sistemático realizado pelo assistente social junto ao discente, uma das dimensões que envolvem a supervisão, qual seja, a supervisão profissional ou de campo. O objetivo do estudo sobre essa dimensão da formação profissional refletiu o entendimento da realidade profissional, das transformações no mundo do trabalho e as respectivas formas de enfrentamento da questão social. Tratou do processo de supervisão acadêmico-profissional em Serviço Social no município de Ipatinga/MG a partir dos projetos de extensão universitária coordenados pelo curso de Serviço Social da UNIPAC/Campus Vale do aço, onde são desenvolvidas atividades que envolvem ações de assistentes sociais e se constituem em espaços sócio-ocupacionais onde se inserem estagiários. A hipótese do presente estudo é de que existe uma tensão entre a proposta das Diretrizes Curriculares da Associação Brasileira de Ensino em Serviço Social (ABESS), de 1996 e sua efetivação em um contexto de aceleramento de privatização do ensino superior e das condições de trabalho dos profissionais. Os pressupostos relacionados à direção social ou ao aparato legal para a profissão são norteados e conduzidos pelas diretrizes curriculares. E a direção assumida pela profissão a partir das mudanças que vinculam a ação profissional ao projeto societário da classe trabalhadora, demanda novas respostas profissionais, que vão se refletir diretamente numa exigência de um trabalho profissional que ultrapasse o mero fazer cotidiano. Para a apreensão do objeto de estudo, procurou-se discutir a formação profissional mediante o que está preconizado nas Diretrizes Curriculares de 1996. Num segundo momento discutiu-se acerca da mercantilização do ensino superior pós década de 1990 e a UNIPAC nesse contexto. Já no capítulo 3 foram analisadas as particularidades do processo de supervisão de campo no universo dos projetos de extensão da UNIPAC e as condições de trabalho dos supervisores de campo. Nas considerações mais conclusivas é apresentado um balanço da pesquisa realizada, buscando apontar possíveis desafios e tendências para a formação profissional dos assistentes sociais na atualidade. / The present research focused in analysing the envolvement of the supervision process and its importance for the professional-academic degree in Social Assistance, using sistematic checking done by a social assistant altogheter students, one of the dimensions that envolves supervision, such as, field or professional supervision. The studys objective of this dimension of the professional degree reflected the understanding of the professional reality, transformations of world of work and its respective ways of approaching the social issue. It is about the professional-academic supervision in Social Assistance in the city of Ipatinga/MG following university extension projects coordinated by the Social Assistance course of UNIPAC/Campus Vale do Aço, where activities that envolves social assistants are developted, also there are space in certain institutions to insert trainees. The hypothese of the current study it is about the tension between the proposal of the Curriculum Orientation of Associação Brasileira de Ensino em Serviço Social (ABESS), of 1996 and its occurs in the context of fast privatization of the college degree and the professionals conditions of work. All approaches related to the social direction or the legal events for the profession are lead and conducted by the Curriculum Orientation. The direction assumed by the profession comes from changes that link the professional action to the working class social project, demand new professional responses that will reflect directly in one strict kind of professional that goes beyond the simple work routine. To make this work relevant, discussions based on the professional degree were necessary, all this was possible based in what can be found in 1996 Curriculum Orientation. In a second situation other discussions envolving the merchandise of college dregree after the 1990s was also necessary and UNIPAC institution is part of this. In chapter 3 were analised partiularities of the field supervision process in the universe of UNIPAC extension projects and its work conditions. Concluding it shows a balance of the research made, looking for possible challenges and tendencies to the degree of the social assistant professional at current days.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) é o elo entre a comunidade e o sistema de saúde no Programa Saúde da Família. Seu trabalho é pautado no contato direto com a comunidade local e se configura como a possibilidade de comunicação e de acesso desta aos serviços de saúde. É o único profissional da área de saúde que tem como um requisito profissional residir na comunidade onde trabalha. A pesquisa objetivou conhecer aspectos subjetivos do trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde relacionados ao morar e trabalhar na mesma comunidade. MÉTODO: Foi desenvolvida uma análise de conteúdo dos documentos - Relatório da Análise Psicodinâmica do Trabalho realizada com os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde da região de Pirituba/São Paulo - e - Anotações das sessões de grupo. Primeiramente, realizou-se a leitura flutuante seguida por análises estruturais para identificar categorias significativas aos objetivos da pesquisa. Como referencial teórico para a interpretação dos resultados utilizou-se a teoria da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram apresentados nas seguintes categorias: 1. Processo de construção da credibilidade e as relações de trabalho: ACS e usuário; 2. Credibilidade versus invasão da privacidade dos moradores da comunidade; 3. Privacidade do ACS e sua família; 4. Relação com a comunidade e com o serviço de saúde como morador da região; 5. Construção de uma ética: foco na privacidade do usuário; 6.Fronteira trabalho versus militância (voluntarismo). CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que os agentes vivenciam sofrimentos no trabalho decorrentes de pertencerem à mesma comunidade na qual desempenham seu papel profissional. Tal sofrimento decorre, principalmente da impossibilidade de flexibilização da organização do trabalho no que se refere à obrigatoriedade de residir na região. Há uma contaminação do tempo do não trabalho de ordem psíquica e física (espacial). / INTRODUCTION: The Community Health Agent (ACS) is the link between the community and the health system in the Program of Health of the Family. His work is outlined on the direct contact with the local community and configures itself as a possibility of communication and access to the health services. He is the sole worker of the health staff that has as a professional requirement to inhabit in the community where he works. The objective of the research was to to be acquainted with the subjective aspects of the work of the community health agent related to the fact of living and work in the same community. METHODS: Was developed an analyses of the content in the following documents \'Report of the Analysis of the Psychodynamic of the Work with ACS of Pirituba/São Paulo\' and \'Notations of the group sessions\'. A naïve reading of documents notes was primarirely performed. This was followed by a structural analyses to identify the categories with meaningful connections to the research objeticves. The theory of the Psychodynamic of the Work was the theoretical referencial used to interpret the results of the research. RESULTS: It had been presented in the following categories: 1. Construction of the credibility and the relations of work: ACS and users; 2. Credibility versus privacy invasion of the inhabitants of the community; 3. Privacy of the ACS and his family; 4. Relation with the community and the health service as resident of the region; 5. Construction of an ethics: focus in the user\'s privacy; 6. The bounderies of working and militancy (voluntarism). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that those workers experienced deeply work\'s sufferings decurrent to the fact of belonging to the same community to which they perform their professional role. The suffering elapses mainly from the impossibility of flexibilization of the work organization with respect to the obligation of inhabitating in the same area. This requirement produces a phisical (spacial) and psychic contamination.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T13:56:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 caiocesarbatistaandrade.pdf: 1594203 bytes, checksum: a677299f50f290066e643c085468364f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:02:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 caiocesarbatistaandrade.pdf: 1594203 bytes, checksum: a677299f50f290066e643c085468364f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-22T15:02:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 caiocesarbatistaandrade.pdf: 1594203 bytes, checksum: a677299f50f290066e643c085468364f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T15:02:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 caiocesarbatistaandrade.pdf: 1594203 bytes, checksum: a677299f50f290066e643c085468364f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / A hipertensão arterial é considerada um mal silencioso e a doença cardiovascular mais prevalente no Brasil. Considerada como um problema de saúde pública dentro das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis,é responsável pelo grande aumento de morbimortalidade da comunidade. Alterações no estilo de vida são fundamentais para um progresso terapêutico e para a prevenção da doença, como a prática regular de atividade física, o consumo reduzido de sal, o abandono do uso do tabaco e o uso restrito de álcool.O objetivo geral deste estudo foi: analisar a associação da hipertensão arterial com os fatores ocupacionais e o estilo de vida entre os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do município de Juiz de Fora - MG; os específicos são: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, os fatores ocupacionais e o estilo de vida dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde; identificar a prevalência da hipertensão arterialentre estes profissionais.Trata-se de estudo seccionalseccionalseccional seccionalseccional, recortede uma pesquisa denominada “Trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde: Condições de Trabalho e de Vida'', no qual participaram 400 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário-entrevista aplicado por entrevistadoresno período de julho a outubro de 2015 e outubro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Os resultados mostram que a população de estudo foi composta, em sua maioria, por mulheres (91,2%), sendo a média de idade de 46 anos; 46,3% se autodeclaram brancos, 65,3% possuíam até o Ensino Médio Completo e 57,5% eram casados ou viviam em união estável. Sobre ahipertensão arterial, 70,8% dos trabalhadores relatam não ter o diagnóstico médico dessa patologia. Em relação aos hábitos de vida e saúde, 43,6% foram considerados muito ativos, 89,8% tinham um baixo consumo de álcool e 94,3% apresentavam muito baixo grau de dependência do tabaco. Já relacionado ao estresse psicossocial, 32,5% se encontravam na categoria de alta exigência no trabalho, que é considerada a mais prejudicial para a saúde do trabalhador. Em relação ao trabalho, encontrou-se poder de significância quanto ao turno diurno e ao tempo de trabalhona Atenção Primária à Saúde. Aqueles que declararam trabalhar somente no turno diurno e os que têm mais tempo de trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde são os trabalhadores mais predisponentes àhipertensão arterial. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, os hábitos de vida e saúde e a hipertensão arterial. / Hypertension is considered a silent disease and the most prevalent cardiovascular disease in Brazil. Considered to be a public health problem within non communicable chronic diseases, it is responsible for the large increase in community morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle changes are critical to therapeutic progress and disease prevention, such as regular physical activity, reduced salt consumption, cessation of tobacco use, and restricted use of alcohol. The general objective of this study was to analyze the association of arterial hypertension with occupational factors and lifestyle among the Community Health Agents of the city of Juiz de Fora - MG; The specific ones are: to describe the sociodemographic profile, the occupational factors and the lifestyle of the Community Health Agents; To identify the prevalence of hypertension among these professionals. This is a cross-sectional study, a study of "Primary Health Care Workers: Working and Living Conditions", in which 400 community health agents participated. Data collection was done through a questionnaire-interview Applied by interviewers from July to October 2015 and from October 2016 to February 2017. The results show that the study population was composed mostly of women (91,2%), the mean age being 46 years; 46,3% declared themselves white, 65,3% had completed high school and 57,5% were married or lived in a stable union. Regarding arterial hypertension, 70,8% of the workers report not having the medical diagnosis of this pathology. Regarding life and health habits, 43,6% were considered very active, 89,8% had a low alcohol consumption and 94,3% had a very low degree of dependence on tobacco. Already related to psychosocial stress, 32,5% were in the category of high labor demand, which is considered to be the most harmful to the health of the worker. Regarding work, we found a power of significance regarding day shift and working time in Primary Health Care. Those who declared that they only work during the day shift and those who have the most working time in Primary Health Care are workers More predisposing to hypertension. There was no statistically significant difference between sociodemographic variables, life and health habits, and arterial hypertension.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciane G da Silva.pdf: 886455 bytes, checksum: f38d456501fecb57ccf797bfdcb900c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / the workers in education, nowadays, face problems like the increase of the students matriculated, lack of equipments and essential material or lack of maintenance of the ones that exist, lack of infrastructure and material resources, and others. The knowledge of the work conditions and their reflection in the teacher´s health, especially at those who work with childhood education, is very important to give information that helps public politician s managers to create measures that comprehend improvements, to both work environment and population involved health. Objectives: To investigate the work and health conditions of preschool teachers from the public schools in Pelotas, RS. Methodology: Descriptive study. All the preschool teachers of the city and the state will be part of this study. The collect of the data will be performed using a pretested and codified questioner, comprehend socioeconomic, demographic, work conditions and health (musculoskeletal problems, the level of physical activity, the voice problems correlated and the minor psychological disorders) variables. The instrument used to determinate the level of physical activity will be the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), performing an interview regarding the previous week, including questions about the frequency and duration of the realization of moderated and intense physical activity and walking. The minor psychological problems or the minor psychiatric disease will be identified by the SRQ Self-Report Questionnaire, instrument comprising 20 questions (SRQ-20) that can be answered by self-report or interview. The identification of the musculoskeletal problems will be by the report of the presence of pain or uneasiness located at the body, according to Kuorinka et al. (1987). Problems related to the voice will be investigated by the Brazilian versions of the V-RQOL (Hogikyan & Sethuraman, 1999), which received the name Qualidade de Vida em Voz QVV (Behlau et al. 2009) / Os trabalhadores em educação, atualmente, encontram problemas como aumentos de alunos matriculados, ausência de equipamentos e materiais essenciais ou falta de manutenção dos existentes, insuficiência de infra-estrutura e de recursos materiais, entre outros. O conhecimento das condições de trabalho e suas repercussões na saúde dos professores, em especial dos que trabalham na educação infantil, é de grande valia no sentido de fornecer informações que auxiliem órgãos gestores de políticas públicas a criarem medidas que contemplem melhorias, tanto no ambiente de trabalho como para a saúde dessa população. Objetivo: investigar as condições de trabalho e saúde de professores pré-escolares da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo no qual participarão todos os professores pré-escolares que atuam em escolas municipais e estaduais da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS. A coleta de dados será realizada através de questionário pré-testado e codificado contendo questões sobre variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, condições de trabalho e saúde (problemas musculoesqueléticos, nível de atividade física, problemas relacionados à voz e transtornos psiquiátricos menores). O instrumento utilizado para determinar o nível de atividade física será a versão do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) na forma longa, com a aplicação de entrevista referente à semana anterior, contendo perguntas em relação à freqüência e duração da realização de atividades físicas moderadas, vigorosas e da caminhada. Os problemas psiquiátricos menores ou doenças psíquicas menores serão identificados por meio do SRQ- Self-Report Questionnaire, instrumento constituído de 20 perguntas (SRQ-20) que podem ser respondidas através de autopreenchimento ou de entrevista. A identificação dos problemas musculoesqueléticos será através da referência de dor ou mal-estar localizado nas diversas localizações corporais, conforme recomendação de Kuorinka et al (1987). Problemas relacionados à voz serão mensuradas pelo Protocolo de Qualidade de Vida e Voz (QVV) (Behlau et al. 2009), versão brasileira do Voice- Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) (Hogikyan & Sethuraman, 1999)

No description available.

SAMMANFATTNING Datum:2023-05-31 Nivå:Kandidatuppsats Företagsekonomi, 15 hp Akademi: Akademi för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet  Författare:Earl Jerwin Sarte Alizah Malik                  (93/12/19) (00/09/17) Titel: Att navigera i det nya normala – En undersökning av Covid-19:s påverkan på arbetssättet och digital transformation inom redovisning. Handledare: Leanne Johnstone Nyckelord: Covid-19, arbetsförhållande, arbetssätt, Ekonomistyrning, Contingency theory, redovisningsekonom Forskningsfråga: På vilket sätt har arbetet för redovisningsekonomer anpassats till de förändrade omständigheterna som följt av covid-19-pandemin? Vidare, vilka av dessa anpassningar kan anses vara fördelaktiga och bör övervägas att bibehålla efter att pandemin har passerat? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur pandemin har påverkat redovisningsekonomens arbetsmetoder och att identifiera vilka av dessa nya metoder som kan bli permanenta och fortsätta att användas efter pandeminär över. Genom en omfattande empirisk undersökning med hjälp av kvalitativ metod är målet att kunna dra slutsatser om hur pandemin har påverkat redovisningsekonomens arbetsmetoder. Resultaten från studien kan användas för att hjälpa ledningen att bestämma vilka arbetsmetoder som ska genomföras i framtiden.  Metod: Studien tillämpar kvalitativ metod samt semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem redovisningsekonomer har genomförts. Slutsats: Studien har belyst konsekvenserna av covid-19 för redovisningsekonomensarbete. Resultaten visar att övergången till distansarbete och ökadanvändning av digitala verktyg har varit betydande förändringar.Vidare har lednings implementering av action controls som respons påpandemin påverkade arbetsmiljön för redovisningsekonomer.Denna forsknings bidrar till en ökad förståelse för hur pandemin harpåverkat redovisningsekonomens arbetsförhållande och identifierar möjligaarbetsprocesser som kan behållas på längre sikt. / ABSTRACT Date: 2023-05-31 Level: Bachelors Thesis in Business Administration, 15 hp Institution: School of Business, Mälardalens University Author: Earl Jerwin Sarte Alizah Malik              (93/12/19) (00/09/17) Titel: Navigating the new normal – An examination of the impact of Covid-19 on the way of working and digital transformation in accounting. Supervisor: Leanne Johnstone Keywords: Covid-19, work conditions, work method, management control, contingency theory, management accountant, Research question: How has the work of accountants been adjusted to the changing circumstances brought by the COVID-19 pandemic? Additionally,which of these adjustments can be seen as beneficial and should be considered for continuation after the pandemic is over?  Purpose:The purpose of this study is to examine how the pandemic has impacted theworking methods of professional accountants and to identify which of thesenew methods may become permanent and continue to be used after the pandemic.Through a comprehensive empirical investigation utilizing qualitativemethodology, the aim is to draw conclusions about how the pandemic hasinfluenced the working methods of professional accountants. The findingsfrom the study can be used to assist management in determining whichworking methods should be implemented in the future. Method: The study uses a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with five accountants. Conclusion: The study has examined the impact of COVID-19 on the work of accountants.The results show that there have been significant changes, such as transitioningto remote work and increased use of digital tools. Additionally, the management'simplementation of action controls in response to the pandemic has affectedthe work environment for accountants. This research contributes to a betterunderstanding of how the pandemic has influenced accountants' work conditionsand identifies potential work processes that can be maintained in the long run.

Le contexte de pénurie de personnel infirmier doublée d’une organisation du travail sous optimale a pour conséquence d’augmenter le risque d’un bris de service qui est souvent contré par l'usage du Temps Supplémentaire Obligatoire (TSO). Cette méthode de gestion impose des pressions grandissantes sur les infirmières. L’usage du TSO entraine des effets néfastes pour les usagers, les infirmières ainsi que les organisations de santé. Le but de cette étude est d’identifier des interventions ayant le potentiel de réduire l’usage du TSO et faire une analyse critique des effets potentiels ou démontrés de celles-ci. Méthode Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée afin d’identifier les interventions présentées comme ayant le potentiel de réduire l’usage du TSO. La revue narrative a suivi le modèle Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles. Nos recherches ont permis d’identifier 12 interventions rapportées pouvant réduire l’usage du TSO. Elles sont applicables à l’un ou plusieurs de 4 différents niveaux dans l’organisation des services de santé, soit le niveau législatif, le niveau systémique, le niveau organisationnel ainsi que le niveau d’une unité de soins. Cette étude permet de mettre en lumière plusieurs interventions ayant le potentiel de réduire le TSO, mais il existe peu de données probantes les appuyant. Il semble que plusieurs interventions concomitantes pourraient avoir un effet plus fort sur le TSO. D’autres interventions ayant un effet sur des facteurs déterminants du TSO pourraient également avoir un effet potentiel sur celui-ci. Notre étude met en évidence le besoin de recherches étoffées sur les interventions pouvant enrayer le TSO des systèmes de santé. / The context of nursing staff shortage added to a sub-optimal management of resources has the consequence of increasing the odds of a break in service which is often countered by the use of mandatory overtime. This management method places increasing pressure on nurses. The use of mandatory overtime has harmful effects on patients, nurses and healthcare organizations. The aim of this study is to identify and critically analyze interventions that reduce mandatory overtime. Method A narrative review of the literature was performed to identify interventions used to reduce the use of mandatory overtime. The narrative review followed the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) model. Our research identified 12 interventions that were reported as having the potential to reduce the use of mandatory overtime. They are applicable at 4 different levels in the organization of health services, namely the legislative level, the systemic level, the organizational level as well as the level of a care unit. Among these interventions, some seem to stand out, but few have been the subject of rigorous studies. We found several interventions that seem to have the potential to reduce mandatory overtime, but there exists very little evidence-based literature to support them. It seems that multiple concomitant interventions have a greater effect on mandatory overtime. Other interventions having an effect on determinant factors of mandatory overtime could have a potential effect on mandatory overtime. Even so, a need for studies showing the impact of interventions on mandatory overtime seems evident in light of our review.

Le navettage pour se rendre au travail et en revenir occupe une grande part de la vie professionnelle. Ses effets revêtant d’importantes implications pour la santé, l’économie, la société et l’environnement, les questions autour de cette activité sont devenues une préoccupation répandue. Bien que conduite dans certaines disciplines, l’étude du navettage dans les enjeux spécifiques à la santé mentale au travail demeure insuffisante. En effet, malgré l’intérêt croissant et rapide des dernières années envers le phénomène, la littérature demeure peu étayée par la théorie et les résultats, souvent mitigés. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à 1) établir la contribution du navettage, mesurée par la durée, le mode et le type dans l’explication de la détresse psychologique; 2) examiner le rôle de médiation du conflit travail-famille et 3) examiner le rôle de modération du genre dans cette relation. Ceci, tout en intégrant à l’apport la contribution des facteurs du travail, hors travail et individuels reconnus comme d’importants déterminants des problèmes de santé mentale des travailleurs. Pour se faire, un modèle théorique intégrateur a été développé sur la base du modèle des déterminants de la santé mentale au travail (Marchand, 2004) et de la théorie des frontières travail/famille (Clark, 2000). Selon ce modèle, le navettage est conditionné par un ensemble de structures en interaction symbolisées par trois niveaux de la vie en société et représente une activité de transition entre les structures de la vie. Cette activité peut ainsi être vécue comme une demande ou une ressource transfrontalière en opérant à travers les niveaux de segmentation et d’intégration (flexibilité et perméabilité) des domaines. Un modèle d’analyse découlant ce modèle théorique a été évalué. Des analyses d’équation structurelles multiniveaux ont été réalisées sur un échantillon de 1830 employés nichés dans 65 milieux de travail provenant des données du Cycle 1 de l’Étude longitudinale de l’Observatoire sur la santé et le mieux-être (ELOSMET), recueillie avant la pandémie de la COVID-19 entre 2019 et 2020. Les résultats indiquent que les relations entre le navettage, le conflit travail-famille, la détresse psychologique et le genre s’organisent autour d’une vue d’ensemble complexe. Tout d’abord, la durée de trajet agit comme un facteur de stress et le seul chemin par lequel cette mesure du navettage influence la santé mentale est par la voie du conflit travail-famille (les deux directions). Ceci, peu importe le genre ou le mode. Ensuite, alors que les déplacements actifs semblent agir directement et négativement sur la détresse psychologique, les transports en commun s’y acheminent également négativement, mais à travers le mécanisme de médiation de l’interférence du travail vers la famille et ce, peu importe le genre. La voiture semble agir comme facteur de protection en comparaison aux autres modes. Enfin, les chemins vers la détresse psychologique sont différents selon le type, passant, en comparaison au navettage traditionnel, par des relations directes et négatives pour le navettage de banlieue, des relations de médiation impliquant le l’interférence famille-travail de manière partielle pour le navettage inverse à des relations de médiation complète impliquant l’interférence travail-famille pour le navettage urbain. S’y rajoutent des relations de médiation modérée par le genre pour le navettage rural soutenant que les femmes vivent moins d’interférence famille-travail, ce qui se répercute sur des niveaux plus faibles de détresse psychologique. Sur le plan empirique, ce projet a permis de préciser des liens étayés entre les différentes caractéristiques de navettage, les problèmes de santé mentale et de conciliation des sphères professionnelles et familiales chez les travailleuses et travailleurs. Ceci, dans des modèles prenant en considération divers déterminants de ces enjeux, y compris les facteurs psychosociaux du travail. Sur le plan théorique, ce projet a avancé une conception élargie du navettage intégrée dans un modèle considérant les divers éléments de la vie en société et leurs interactions, répondant ainsi aux appels de la communauté scientifique pour élargir la compréhension du rôle du navettage et ses mécanismes opératoires. Bien que des recherches futures soient nécessaires pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène complexe, ce projet a des retombées gouvernementales et organisationnelles quant au développement de pratiques et politiques liées au travail, à la santé et à la mobilité durable. / Commuting to and from work is an important part of people's lives. Issues surrounding this activity have become a widespread concern because of its significant health, economic, social and environmental impacts. The study of commuting in relation to issues specific to mental health at work, although carried out in certain disciplines, remains insufficient. Indeed, despite the rapid and growing interest in the phenomenon in recent years, the literature remains poorly supported by theory and the results are often mixed. In this context, this thesis aims to 1) establish the contribution of commuting, measured by duration, mode, and type, in explaining psychological distress; 2) examine the mediating role of work-family conflict and 3) examine the moderating role of gender in this relationship. All this while integrating the contribution of work, non-work, and individual factors that are recognized as important determinants of mental health problems among workers. To this end, an integrative theoretical model has been developed based on the determinants of mental health at work model (Marchand, 2004) and the work/family boundary theory (Clark, 2000). According to this model, commuting is conditioned by a set of interacting structures symbolized by three levels of life in society and represents a transactional activity between life structures. This activity can thus be experienced as a cross-border demand or resource, operating through levels of segmentation and integration (flexibility and permeability) of domains. An analysis model derived from this theoretical model has been evaluated. Multilevel structural equation analyses were performed on a sample of 1,830 employees nested in 65 workplaces from the Cycle 1 of the Longitudinal Study of the Observatoire sur la santé et le mieuxêtre au travail (ELOSMET), collected before the COVID-19 pandemic between 2019 and 2020. The results indicate that the relationships between commuting, work-family conflict, psychological distress and gender are organized around a complex overview. Firstly, commuting time acts as a stressor, and the only way this measure of commuting influences mental health is through work-family conflict (both directions). This, regardless of gender or mode. Then, while active commuting seems to have a direct and negative effect on psychological distress, public transport also has a negative effect, but through the mediating mechanism of work-family interference, regardless of gender. The car seems to act as a protective factor compared to other modes. Lastly, the pathways to psychological distress differ according to type of commuting, in comparison to traditional commuting, from direct and negative relationships for suburban commuting, mediated relationships involving family-work interference in a partial way for reverse commuting to fully mediated relationships involving work-family interference for urban commuting. In addition, gender-moderated mediation relationships were found for rural commuting, arguing that women experience less family-work interference, which is reflected in lower levels of psychological distress. From an empirical point of view, this project has enabled us to identify the underlying links between different commuting characteristics, mental health problems and work-life balance among workers. This was achieved through models that considered various determinants of these issues, including psychosocial factors at work. On a more theoretical level, this project has advanced an expanded conception of commuting integrated into a model considering various elements of life in society and their interactions, thus responding to calls from the scientific community to broaden understanding of the role of commuting and its operating mechanisms. While further research is needed to better understand this complex phenomenon, this project has governmental and organizational implications for the development of practices and policies related to work, health and sustainable mobility.

The study offers a historico-educational investigation of the extent to which the Teachers' Association of South Africa (TASA) satisfied the educational aspirations of the Indian coIIDllunity in South Africa. The discussion begins with a theoretical exposition of characteristic features of teachers' associations. It considers the origin, nature and purpose of teachers' associations. A brief survey of some teachers' associations in the Republic of South Africa is also made. The development and the organisation of the Teachers' Association of South Africa (TASA) is highlighted. In this regard special emphasis is placed on the role of the Association's forerunners, and the nature and functioning of the various organisational structures within the Association. An elaborate discussion is devoted to the achievements of the Association in satisfying the educational aspirations of the Indian coIIDllunity in South Africa. The researcher also offers recoIIDllendations on the role that teachers' associations may play in the future. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)