Cette recherche a reçu le soutien financier du CRSH, de la FESP et du DLLM. / Le XIXe siècle représente une période prépondérante de l'histoire des femmes en Occident, celle de la naissance d’une conscience féminine de nature publique, des premiers balbutiements du féminisme. Dans ce contexte, il est important d'étudier où se situent certaines personnalités féminines dans leur société. À cette époque, deux pratiques d'écriture connaissent leur apogée, la presse et le journal intime, qui permettent aux femmes de prendre la parole et d’intervenir dans la sphère publique. Ces formes d'écriture peuvent être considérées comme des espaces discursifs nés de conflits et de tensions sociales; elles sont le produit d’une même personne qui commente l’actualité de façon quotidienne, hebdomadaire ou mensuelle. La femme de lettres reconstitue les événements et faits du passé, transmet ses observations et opinions personnelles sur divers sujets; elle remet aussi en question le discours normatif institutionnel à partir de ses propres expériences et connaissances. Les écritures intime et journalistique témoignent de la vision plurielle du monde des intellectuelles et de leur participation au devenir historique, d'où l'intérêt de les étudier en parallèle dans ce travail. À travers l'étude d’écrits intimes et journalistiques, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est de faire entendre trois voix féminines de l’Amérique face à la culture patriarcale: celles de l'Argentine Juana Manuela Gorriti, de la Colombienne Soledad Acosta de Samper et de la Québécoise Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand. Nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure leur écriture s’inscrit dans un projet collectif lié à l’avancement des femmes et de la nation. L’hypothèse qui guide notre travail est que les auteures développent et partagent une écriture de dénonciation et de revendication liée à la situation des femmes et de la nation. Nous partons du contexte universel d'invisibilité des femmes, de leur manque de reconnaissance comme sujets de la société du XIXe siècle ; nous suivons la ligne foucaultienne de la généalogie, en y ajoutant la variable de genre, dans le but de récupérer les traces d’une contre-mémoire manifeste dans les textes choisis et de mettre l’accent sur la contribution des auteures. L’analyse explore le dialogue entre le discours des écrivaines et l’hégémonie masculine. Elle reconstitue le contenu social de nature idéologique, indique les fonctions des textes analysés, examine attentivement leur contexte de création ainsi que l’expérience biographique des auteures et leur apport intellectuel. Alors que Gorriti, Acosta de Samper et Marchand-Dandurand proviennent de cultures et d’époques différentes, l'objectif est de préciser les éléments homologues sur les plans thématique et stratégique, tant dans leur écriture personnelle que dans leurs publications périodiques. Cet exercice permet de vérifier si, tant au niveau privé qu’au niveau public, les intellectuelles expriment les mêmes idées avec les mêmes stratégies énonciatives ; s’il existe une continuité ou, au contraire, une rupture entre les écrits autobiographiques et les essais publics qui rendent légitime leur vision du monde. Par la même occasion, nous examinons si le « je » des écrits intimes correspond à celui des publications périodiques de chacune des auteures à l’étude. / The nineteenth century is a key period in the history of Western women. This is when a public female consciousness emerges for the first time and an incipient feminism can be observed. In this context, it is important to study how certain female public figures positioned themselves in their respective societies. During this period two genres of writing, journalism and the personal diary, were at their height, and allowed women to take the floor and enter the public sphere. These forms of writing can be regarded as discursive spaces arising from social conflicts and tensions, but they are also the product of an individual who comments daily, weekly or monthly on current events. The woman writer reconstructs events and facts from the past, and reveals her personal observations and opinions on various subjects. She also uses her own experiences and knowledge to cast doubt on normative institutional discourses. Journalistic and personal writing bear witness to the pluralistic worldview of these female intellectuals and to their participation in contemporary historical developments; hence the interest in studying them comparatively in this investigation. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyse, through the study of their journalism and diaries, the work of three female writers from the Americas—the Argentinian Juana Manuela Gorriti, the Colombian Soledad Acosta de Samper, and the Quebecer Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand—whose voices have been silenced by patriarchal culture. Fundamentally, this thesis asks to what extent their writing is inscribed in a collective project related to the advancement of women and the nation. This investigation’s hypothesis is that the authors develop and share a critique of both the situation of women and the nation, as well as calling for women's recognition. Starting from the basis that women's invisibility is universal, and that women were not recognised as subjects in nineteenth-century society, the study deploys the Foucault’s theory of genealogy, adding the gender variable, in order to rescue the traces of a counter-memory in the texts selected and to value the contributions of the authors. The analysis explores the dialogue between the discourse of women writers and male hegemony, restoring the social content of an ideological nature, pointing out the functions provided by the texts analyzed and carefully examining the contexts of their production, as well as the biographical experiences of the writers and their intellectual contributions. Even though Gorriti, Acosta de Samper and Marchand-Dandurand come from different cultures and epochs, the objective is to define the similarities in their personal and journalistic writing on both a thematic and strategic levels. This exercise allows us to verify if these female intellectuals expressed the same ideas in both public and private spheres with the same enunciative strategies; if there is continuity or rupture between autobiographical writings and public essays, which legitimize their worldview. At the same time, the study examines if there is any correspondence between the authorial self of the intimate writings and that of the periodical publications. / El siglo XIX es un período clave en la historia de las mujeres occidentales ya que es el momento en el que surge una conciencia femenina de naturaleza pública y en el que se observan los primeros balbuceos del feminismo. En este contexto, resulta importante estudiar el posicionamiento de ciertas individualidades femeninas frente a la sociedad de su tiempo. Tanto la prensa como el diario personal son dos prácticas escriturales que conocen su auge en esta época y que permiten a las mujeres tomar la palabra y el espacio público. Estas formas de escritura pueden ser consideradas como espacios discursivos surgidos de conflictos y tensiones de carácter social, siendo producto de una misma personalidad que comenta diaria, periódica o mensualmente la actualidad. La mujer escritora reconstituye acontecimientos y hechos del pasado, da a conocer sus observaciones y opiniones personales sobre varios temas; cuestiona también el discurso normalizado e institucionalizado a partir de su propia experiencia y en función de sus conocimientos. Las escrituras íntima y periodística constituyen testimonios de la visión plural del mundo de las intelectuales y de su participación en el devenir histórico. De ahí el interés de estudiarlas en paralelo en este trabajo. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el de hacer oír, a través del estudio de escritos íntimos y periodísticos, tres voces femeninas americanas frente a la cultura patriarcal: las de la argentina Juana Manuela Gorriti, de la colombiana Soledad Acosta de Samper y de la quebequense Joséphine Marchand-Dandurand. Nos preguntamos en qué medida su escritura se inscribe en un proyecto colectivo relacionado con el avance de la mujer y de la nación. La hipótesis que guía nuestra investigación es la de que las autoras desarrollan y comparten una escritura de denuncia y de reivindicación relacionada con la situación de la mujer y de la nación. Partiendo del contexto universal de invisibilidad de la mujer, de su falta de homologación como sujeto en la colectividad decimonónica, seguimos la línea foucaultiana de la genealogía, agregándole la variable de género, con el fin de rescatar las huellas de una contramemoria manifiesta en los textos seleccionados y de valorar las aportaciones de las autoras. El análisis considera la interlocución entre el discurso de las escritoras con la hegemonía masculina, restituyendo el contenido social de naturaleza ideológica, señalando las funciones y apuestas que proporcionan los textos analizados y examinando cuidadosamente el contexto de su creación, así como la experiencia biográfica de las escritoras y su aporte intelectual. Si bien Gorriti, Acosta de Samper y Marchand-Dandurand proceden de culturas y épocas distintas, el objetivo es deslindar los elementos que pueden ser considerados homólogos a nivel temático y estratégico, tanto a través de su escritura personal como de sus publicaciones periódicas. Este ejercicio nos permite comprobar si, tanto en el plano privado como en el público, las intelectuales expresan las mismas ideas con las mismas estrategias enunciativas, si existe continuidad o si, por el contrario, se evidencia una ruptura entre los escritos autobiográficos y los ensayos públicos, que legitiman su visión del mundo. Al mismo tiempo, examinamos si hay una concordancia entre el yo autoral de los escritos íntimos y el de las publicaciones periódicas.

This study explored the lived experience of Gen Z adults in a liminal life-stage crisis where the symbolic meaning of health, identity and brands are in transition. Sixteen ethnographic in-home interviews with college students were conducted and analyzed using Geertz's interpretive and Turner's symbolic anthropology. A hermeneutic textual analysis was used to interpret three types of phenomenological data: text, pictures and collages. An "incubation" step was key in the creative interpretation process where the leap from data to abstract themes was made. Environmental circumstances like money, time, resources and social networks change the quality of health, but the fundamental health explanatory system of a young person is a reflection of their family of origin experiences. Women associate health with mental health-independence and empowerment. Men define health as physical health-food and cooking. Skills such as cooking and shopping as well as the consumption of water, cannabis and other complementary products impact health and identity. Three health worldview themes emerged: health as negotiating identity; creating home; and taking responsibility. Implications for branding and public information campaigns to change the health beliefs and practices of young adults are offered. This thesis closes with a reflection on the "research study," the dominant symbol in the practice of research as a way to analyze the fluid role of consumer anthropology in a capitalist system.

This study explored the diverse ways in which practitioners' roles manifest to develop pre-schoolers’ agency through learning for well-being in inner-city early childhood centres (ICECCs). Findings served as the foundation for a training programme for practitioners to develop pre-schoolers’ agency in South Africa. Various factors that have an impact on the development of pre-schoolers’ agency and ways in which preschoolers express agency were further explored through using the tool of pedagogical documentation. A conceptual framework was based on the Framework of Learning for Well-being, the Framework of Indigenous Well-being and the Reggio educational approach, which supports the notion that pre-schoolers can express themselves and influence their lifeworlds. Myself, three practitioners and nine pre-schoolers participated in the study. I made use of participatory action research (PAR) to generate qualitative data. The various data collection tools used were: Conversations with pre-schoolers; semi-structured interviews with practitioners; focus group interviews between myself and the practitioners; observations of circle time discussions; practitioners' open-ended questionnaires and self-reflective notes on fake Facebook pages; notes in my selfreflective journal; and documentation of pre-schoolers' four art projects. A manual thematic analysis of the data was done and feedback obtained during final interviews. Practitioners indicated the following insights into their practice during and upon completion of the research process: Discoveries of the capabilities of pre-schoolers to express agency; the need to ask more probing and open-ended questions; the importance of listening to pre-schoolers; an awareness of the diverse capabilities of preschoolers; and knowledge and understanding of the value of the tool of pedagogical documentation to make pre-schoolers' agency visible. Aspects that posed challenges were highlighted, such as lack of technology, time constraints, work load and concerns of parents over the academic performance of their children. Upon conclusion of the study the following recommendations were made: a new theme in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS); a module in Foundation Phase education on children's agency; a one-day workshop for practitioners to develop pre-schoolers' / Psychology of Education / Ph.D. (Psychology)

Summary in German and English / This thesis aims at the integration of the concept of habitus, as introduced by Pierre Bourdieu, with the concept of worldview as defined by Paul G. Hiebert develop implications for the missiological discipline and the analysis of the human condition. In a first step the concept of worldview is introduced and integrated into the anthropological discipline from within the life and work of Paul G. Hiebert. The confinement of the concept within the cognitive realm is worked out subsequently and the necessity of a complimentary concept is underlined. In a second step the concept of habitus as defined by Pierre Bourdieu is introduced and explained within his biography, research tradition and his sociological framework. In the concluding chapter a synthesis is provided to integrate habitus with worldview building upon the complimentary nature of the concepts. The cognitive bias of worldview is amended through the incorporated nature of habitus. This leads to an augmented research methodology which includes practical analysis of habitus. / Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, das in der Missionswissenschaft gebräuchliche Konzept der Weltanschauung, vorgestellt von Paul G. Hiebert, durch das Konzept des Habitus, vorgestellt von Pierre Bourdieu, zu ergänzen und Schlussfolgerungen für die missiologische Disziplin und die praktische Analyse menschlicher Wirklichkeit zu ziehen. Zunächst wird das Konzept der Weltanschauung anthropologisch verortet und am Leben und Werk Paul G. Hieberts konkret dargestellt. Die kognitive Engführung des Begriffs wird dabei herausgearbeitet, die Notwendigkeit einer Ergänzung zur vollständigeren Beschreibung menschlicher Wirklichkeit herausgestellt. In einem zweiten Schritt wird Pierre Bourdieu seiner Tradition und Biographie nach eingeordnet, sein Habituskonzept eingeführt und innerhalb seiner soziologischen Konzepte erklärt. In der abschließenden Synthese wird auf die vorher ausgearbeitete Komplementarität der Konzepte aufgebaut und die kognitive Engführung von Weltanschauung durch das Habituskonzept ergänzt. Die Zusammenschau von Habitus und Weltanschauung ermöglicht eine breitere Darstellung menschlicher Wirklichkeit. Erweiterte Forschungsmethoden und -gebiete, welche den Habitus mit einbeziehen, werden im Abschluss definiert und vorgestellt. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

No description available.

Plurale Weltinterpretationen praktizieren wir täglich, meist ohne uns darüber bewusst zu sein. Zustande kommen sie durch die gleichzeitige und gleichwertige Existenz verschiedener Modelle der Weltinterpretation. Sie sind Produkte menschlicher Schöpferkraft und stehen als parallele Realitäten einander ergänzend und einander widersprechend nebeneinander. Das Buch führt am Beispiel der Tyva Südsibiriens in zwei Modelle der Weltinterpretation und in die Praxis des Umgangs mit ihnen ein. Es zeigt, wie einzelne lokale Akteure zwei von mehreren Modellen flexibel zum Einsatz bringen, um Situationen zu deuten und in ihnen zu handeln. Es wird deutlich, welchen Regeln die Tyva dabei folgen, welche Gründe sie leiten und welche Folgen sie zu tragen haben. Das Ergebnis ist ein Bild zeitgenössischer Kultur, das der gegenwärtig gegebenen Flexibilität und Pluralität des menschlichen Deutens, Handelns und Verhaltens gerecht wird. / Plural World Interpretations are part of our everyday lives, even if we are not aware of the fact. They result from the simultaneous existence of different but equal models for interpreting the world we live in. These models are the product of human constructivity and co-exist as parallel realities, complementing and contradicting each other. Based on fieldwork among the Tyva of southern Siberia, the book discusses the practice of dealing with this multiplicity of world interpretations and shows how individual actors oscillate flexibly between two of many possible models for interpreting specific situations and act on them. The rules Tyvans apply in varying contexts, the reasons behind their choices and the consequences they have to deal with, are analysed. The result is an account of contemporary culture that explores the flexibility and plurality of human interpretation, action and behaviour. / Мы используем множественные интерпретации мира (нем. plurale Weltinterpretationen) ежедневно и, в большинстве случаев, неосознанно. Осуществляется это за счёт одновременного и равноценного сосуществования различных моделей мировоззрения. Они являются продуктом творческой деятельностей человека и сосуществуют в качестве параллельных реальностей, дополняя и, одновременно, противореча друг другу. На примере тувинцев Южной Сибири данная книга знакомит с двумя моделями мировоззрения, а также с практикой их применения. Показывается, как локальные акторы гибко применяют две из существующего множества моделей: и для того, чтобы действовать в складывающихся ситуациях, и чтобы толковать их. Станет понятным, каким правилам при этом следуют тувинцы, какими мотивами руководствуются и какие это имеет последствия. Результатом явится картина современной культуры, которая будет отвечать имеющимся на данный момент запросам гибкости и многообразия в мировоззрении, действиях и поведении человека.

An African Perspective on Poverty Proverbs in the Book of Proverbs: An Analysis for Transformational Possibilities. This thesis contributes to the emerging global scholarly discussion on prioritising the practical relevance of biblical interpretation, particularly in Africa. Taking poverty as a case study, this thesis employs the notion of the popular social origin of proverbs to critically analyse the subject in the Book of Proverbs. A social anthropological approach, historical-critical methods, rhetorical criticism and contextual exegesis are used to analyse proverbs regarding the poor in the Book of Proverbs and African proverbial material. On one hand, the investigation reveals that many Western scholars take their cue from the `official' social context of the Book of Proverbs. However, the impact of an unconscious subjectivity owing to the Western secularising influence on their studies into poverty has posited a conservative status quo in the way the Book of Proverbs addresses it. On the other hand, an investigation of similar traditional African proverbial material on the poor reveals a holistic transformative possibility. Its life-centred dynamism is located in an integrative worldview that comprises mutual assistance, collective responsibility, family, community, social, political, religious and economic networks as one whole. Because cultural parallels exist between the society of ancient Israel and traditional African societies, the thesis argues the use of the African proverbial performance context in the interpretation of proverbs concerning the poor in the Book of Proverbs. The result of such cross-cultural application highlights the possible transformative social, economic, political and religious supportive networks essential to a viable and sustainable holistic development of society. Consequently, such a holistic approach to poverty may enable Bible readers to make meaning and empower the will of African Christians to rise practically to the challenge of poverty eradication in all spheres of their lives. A caution also to the universal church is to be found in the fact that the Book of Proverbs made an essential contribution to the transformation of the social, economic, political and religious life of Israel. Approaching the Book of Proverbs in terms of a popular context is a fact that can no longer be simply ignored. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D.Th.

Children detained in juvenile detention centers in the United States are a unique population. They are neither incarcerated, nor are they free to live in society. Although some popular literature does exist on juvenile detention, such literature is minimal. Further, there are few research studies on this population in any field of inquiry. Indeed the entire subject of juvenile detention has been largely overlooked by research scientists, as well as theologians. The focus of this empirical study is the theology and spirituality of children in a single juvenile detention center in New Jersey, US. Currently, there are no studies on this topic. This study begins to address that void and represents the first theological research of its kind on this population. The methodological approach of the thesis is multi-disciplinary. While the study addresses theology and spirituality as separate categories, it also integrates theology with research in psychology and clinical mental health. The project itself consists of 200 individual, face-to-face interviews with male juvenile residents detained in the Ocean County Juvenile Detention Center, Toms River, New Jersey, US. An original questionnaire has been developed by the author as a research tool. This empirical research adds to the academic literature on children in juvenile detention centers in the United States and recommends ways that staff may communicate with children to begin a theological dialogue. Further, this thesis offers a specific methodology and research tool to be duplicated for use in other juvenile detention centers toward working with children in a concrete, evidence-based, spiritual context. v This study also includes a chapter on the evolution of the author’s spirituality and theology in the course of the project and attempts to locate the self of the researcher within the study. Finally, this thesis presents an outline for a new hermeneutic in working with children in a juvenile detention setting. This new approach represents a practical step toward bridging an existing gap between a stated need for a new hermeneutic for working with children in theological literature and its inception. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

The content of this thesis is premised on a reflexive examination of some historical juxtapositions culminating in critical aspects of being Māori in the twenty first century and how such aspects have informed contemporary indigenous identity. That is, the continuing acknowledgement and exponential public recognition of critical concepts which inextricably link indigenous and civic identity. The theoretical sources for this research are, in the main, derived from anthropological and religious studies, particularly on the significance of mythologies and oral histories, as well as from the oral theorising of elders in Aotearoa New Zealand. A very significant contribution from one such elder, a senior Māori woman academic, has been included in the form of the transcript of an interview. She herself had collected the views of a number of elders on myth, creating a rare and valuable resource. In the interview she married her reflections on these with her own experiences and her cogent analyses. From the outset, it was necessary to be discerning so as to ensure the thesis workload was manageable and realistic. For this reason the selected critical aspects that have been used to frame this research are (1) a developing Western validation (that is, acknowledgement and respect) of Māori, Māori culture and their mythology; (2) oral history (genealogy) and traditions that have remained constant despite the influences of modernity; and (3) notions of fluidity, negotiation and pragmatism regarding kinship legacies and cultural heritage. The thesis is comprised of six chapters starting from a subjective narrative leading through increasingly objective discourses that culminate in a conclusion which supports a belief that modern Māori require a balancing of critical aspects of cultural heritage, with a broad understanding of the world of the 'other', in order to realise and develop their contemporary indigenous identity. Ultimately, indigenous ideologies, practices and knowledge recorded and examined in the world of academia today, become potential resources for tomorrow. The intention of this research is to aggregate and discuss intrinsic aspects of the Māori past as well as developing aspects of the present, in order to better understand the significance of the future, and to add to the growing corpus of indigenous worldviews.

This collaborative study investigates the events that led to the repatriation of the Stone T’xwelátse from the Burke Museum of Natural History, University of Washington Seattle, USA to the Noxwsá7aq people of Deming Washington, USA and to the Stó:lō people of Chilliwack, B.C. Canada. Stone T’xwelátse is the first ancestor of the Chilliwack people who was transformed to stone by the transformer This research grew out of the desire to learn about and share the positive lessons learned during the repatriation process and to investigate if these experiences could benefit repatriation processes in Canada, specifically the province of B.C. This work establishes the current legal setting for cultural repatriation processes in Canada, the United States, and internationally, tells the ancient and contemporary story of Stone T’xwelátse, and examines the impact of Indigenous law, differing worldviews, community capacity, and relationships on cultural repatriation processes. An analysis of the conflict is presented through the identification of the key challenges and successes. The events of the repatriation, as told by the research participants, support the argument for the implementation of John Paul Lederach’s Conflict Transformation Theory practices in future cultural repatriation processes. Using Participatory Action Research and Indigenous Research methodologies data was gathered through participant interviews to form the result of the study: How to Work Together in a Good Way: Recommendations for the Future for Museums, Communities, and Individuals from the Participants of the Stone T’xwelátse Repatriation Research Project and Museum Professionals. These recommendations were formed to share the lessons learned from the Stone T’xwelátse repatriation and also to state changes that the participants would like to see implemented in cultural repatriation processes in Canada. Stone T’xwelátse is now with the Stó:lō people fulfilling his role to teach the people “how to live together in a good way.”