Politics and social life are essentially about decision making, but great parts of that which politics aims to govern, that which social life revolves around and that which is studied in political science is not necessarily the result of conscious decisions. This some philosophers and political theorists would attribute to spontaneous order, arguing that certain norms, customs and institutions have evolved as the result of human action without, for that matter, being the result of human design. The theory of spontaneous order was primarily developed by the Austrian-British philosopher and economist Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992). To him, spontaneous order was a way of solving problems with information deficits in society as well as an important part of his economic, political and institutional theory. However, Hayek’s social theory, which is largely based on the idea of spontaneous order, gives rise to a number of questions. The purpose of this essay is to examine the relationship between individual freedom, constitutionalism and spontaneous order in Friedrich Hayek’s social theory, and to critically evaluate this relationship in the light of that same theory. The purpose is achieved through critical analysis and by answering the following three questions: How does individual freedom, constitutionalism and spontaneous order relate to each other according to Hayek? Is Hayek’s proposal for constitutional design logically compatible with the theory of spontaneous order? Are there institutions, according to Hayek, that limit individual freedom, but are legitimate nevertheless by virtue of having developed spontaneously? The general conclusion of the essay is that Hayek’s proposal for constitutional design is logically compatible with the theory of spontaneous order, and that the principles of individual freedom, constitutionalism and spontaneous order are related to each other in a logically valid manner, but that the other institutions that Hayek proposes give rise to contradictions and indeterminacy vis-à-vis the fundamental principles of his theory.

This dissertation is mainly on Wole Soyinka as a dramatist. It aims to show that Soyinka, far from being an irrelevant artist as some of his fiercest critics have alleged, is a deeply committed writer whose works are characterised by a strong sense of concern with basic human values of right and wrong, good and evil. Furthermore, the dissertation shows that although Soyinka is not an admirer of Marxist aesthetics, he is certainly not in the art-for-art's-sake camp either, I because he is fully aware of the utilitarian value of literature. Soyinka's works are much influenced by his social and historical background, and the dissertation shows that Soyinka's socio-political awareness pervades all these works, although it will be seen that in the later plays there is a sharpened political awareness. Although largely concerned with his own country's issues, Soyinka also emerges as a keen observer of humanity universally / English Studies / M.A. (English)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether indigenous and modern policing can coexist in Ethiopia. The two case studies dealt with in this research indicate that customary administration which is based on indigenous customary law governs the lives of most communities in Ethiopia. Most of the civil and criminal cases are resolved through these mechanisms, although there are always operational tensions due to some contradictions between the modern and indigenous policing systems when crime is committed in indigenous areas. This is mainly because the modern police system wants to impose its way of resolving crime while the indigenous police system want crime to be solved in the traditional/indigenous manner that have been practiced for centuries. These fundamental differences have created two parallel institutions which are both rooted in providing safety and security to the community. The research also reveals that modern policing in Ethiopia can benefit tremendously from well researched experiences and practices of indigenous policing. This does not imply that indigenous policing system is democratic and all the experiences could be relevant to modern policing, but it simply means that the identification and the sharing of best practices from both sides could lead to mutual benefits of these systems. In its conclusion the research shows that Ethiopia has the potential to develop a unique policing system that reflects its distinctive cultural heritage and that meets the needs of its people. This potential is more likely to be actualized if the country preserves and incorporate the best practices of both these systems and use them as integral part of the Ethiopian modern policing. / Police Practice / D .Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-115) / The purpose of this study is to critically analyse selected scholarly views on the visionary experiences during Jesus’ baptism. Modern scholars have different opinions about the reports in the New Testament on Jesus’ baptismal visionary phenomena. Some scholars interpreted the events as Jesus’ actual seeing or vision and others accept it as literary creations by the authors, to make sense of the reports on seeing and hearing that are hard to understand. Reports like a Spirit descending in the form of a dove are extraordinary for most people and pose interpretive challenges. The two distinct trends identified in the study of visionary experiences are those who take the text on the visions literally and those who see them as literary creations. There is a new trend in biblical scholarship, which is comparative and invokes insights from cross-cultural research in order to understand the accounts of the visions as altered states of consciousness (ASC). These views are also presented, compared and evaluated selecting three major views from modern New Testament scholars. Among the scholars identified, who take the baptism visions literally, are Dunn, Meier, Marcus, Hurtado, Borg and Webb. The scholars selected, who consider the baptism visions as literary creations, are Sanders, Crossan, Miller and Strijdom. The scholars, who contributed to the new development in interpreting the texts on visionary experiences as ASC, are Pilch, Davies and DeMaris. Pilch uses the theoretical model of ASC and understands it differently from those used by Davies and DeMaris on which they base their interpretations. A scientific explanation of ASC is built from theories about how the brain and culture, together, create certain states of consciousness. All these views are analysed based on the scholarly interpretations from the three definitive trends in the visions research, comparing the caretaker versus critical at a meta-analysis level. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M.A. (Biblical archaeology)

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2017-09-04T22:00:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daiane Franciele M Quadros.pdf: 4920482 bytes, checksum: fbd14b14735447404bb0aebb48e967d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T22:00:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Daiane Franciele M Quadros.pdf: 4920482 bytes, checksum: fbd14b14735447404bb0aebb48e967d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Será apresentada através desta dissertação, a pesquisa de mestrado iniciada no primeiro semestre de 2015, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). Cujo objetivo principal consiste em analisar os discursos e encaminhamentos presentes nos embates, que resultaram na Resolução UNIV. Nº 17 de 9 de dezembro de 2013 da UEPG. Os objetivos secundários consistem em contextualizar a elaboração da atual resolução, através de investigações das articulações e manifestações, que contribuíram para que os Movimentos Sociais fossem ouvidos durante o Conselho de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão e do Universitário, que ocorreu no final do ano de 2013. Por último, analisaremos o desdobramento da atual resolução, a cartilha informativa sobre as políticas de cotas na UEPG. Para este fim, na fundamentação epistemológica, discutiremos sobre a temática das políticas de cotas, através do eixo teórico-metodológico da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), baseando-nos em Fairclough (2005 e 2008), Van Dijk (2001, 2008 e 2005), Magalhães (2005), Ottoni (2007), Pereira (2011), Sales (2012), Resende e Ramalho (2005), Pagano e Magalhães (2005) e Marcuschi (2008). Também refletiremos sobre a relação entre discurso e poder dentro de um sistema social de desigualdade racial, pautando-nos em: Van Dijk (2001, 2008 e 2010), Muniz (2009), Oliveira (2006), Moita Lopes (2013), Rivas e Diez (2014) e Blommaert (2006). A metodologia impregnada foi de base qualitativa, a qual também envolveu Estudo de Caso, Pesquisa Documental e ACD. Desta maneira, apresentaremos as análises que realizamos em diferentes tipos de textos que registraram o Conselho Universitário de 2013. Em nossas considerações, apresentamos algumas conclusões baseadas em tudo o que discutimos durante nossas reflexões teóricas, onde avaliamos a trajetória que a presente pesquisa seguiu até então, junto com algumas considerações acerca dos resultados obtidos. / It will be introduced trough this dissertation, the research of the master program started in the first semester of 2015, in the Postgraduate Programs of the Language Studies, of the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG). Which key objective consists in analyzing the discourses and directions present, in the follow Resolution UNIV. N° 17 of 19th, December 2013 of the UEPG. The supporting objectives consists on the contextualization and elaboration of the current resolution, trough investigations of demonstrations that contributed for the social movements to be heard at the meeting of the Conference of Education, Research and Extension and the University, that happened by the end of 2013. In conclusion, we will analyze what followed the current resolution, the introductory textbook about quotas at UEPG. To do so, in the epistemology we will discuss about the theme of quotas trough the theoretical and methodological axis of the Critical Analysis of Discourse (CDA), based in Fairclough (2005 and 2008), Van Dijk (2001, 2008 and 2005), Magalhães (2005), Ottoni (2007), Pereira (2011), Sales (2012), Resende and Ramalho (2005), Pagano and Magalhães (2005) and Marcuschi (2008). Also, we will be reflecting about the relation between discourse and power within a social system of the racial inequality based in, Van Dijk (2001, 2008 and 2010), Muniz (2009), Oliveira (2006), Moita Lopes (2013), Rivas and Diez (2014) and Blommaert (2006). The impregnated methodology was of qualitative base, which also implicated in Case Study, Documentary Research and CDA. By this mean, we will be introducing the analysis that we realized in different kind of texts that registered the the University Conference of 2013. In our considerations, we introduced some based conclusions in all that was discussed during our theoretical reflections, where we evaluate the trajectory that the present research followed until then, along with some conclusions of the obtained results.

The media is not only a source of entertainment, it is also a way to better understand ourselves and a means to shape our identities. The purpose of different types of communication are never neutral, there is always a discourse and an underlying meaning at work. By continually portraying women as stereotypical characters, the patriarchal discourse is reproduced and perpetuates an unequal view of women in society. It is possible to reconstruct the hegemonic male domination and representation is key if there is a change to be had in this area. Thus, it is of utter importance to create productions that showcase a vast variety of social and gender roles. The purpose of this essay is to analyse female representation in visual media with a primary focus on women’s history, exemplified by how gender is created by female characters in the miniseries Fröken Frimans krig. The analysis has a basis in multimodal critical discourse analysis as well as critical narrative analysis, and also takes into consideration Mulvey’s theories on the male gaze. The theoretical framework is based on poststructural feminist theory with an aim to deconstruct notions of what constitutes a woman and a man.

This dissertation is mainly on Wole Soyinka as a dramatist. It aims to show that Soyinka, far from being an irrelevant artist as some of his fiercest critics have alleged, is a deeply committed writer whose works are characterised by a strong sense of concern with basic human values of right and wrong, good and evil. Furthermore, the dissertation shows that although Soyinka is not an admirer of Marxist aesthetics, he is certainly not in the art-for-art's-sake camp either, I because he is fully aware of the utilitarian value of literature. Soyinka's works are much influenced by his social and historical background, and the dissertation shows that Soyinka's socio-political awareness pervades all these works, although it will be seen that in the later plays there is a sharpened political awareness. Although largely concerned with his own country's issues, Soyinka also emerges as a keen observer of humanity universally / English Studies / M.A. (English)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether indigenous and modern policing can coexist in Ethiopia. The two case studies dealt with in this research indicate that customary administration which is based on indigenous customary law governs the lives of most communities in Ethiopia. Most of the civil and criminal cases are resolved through these mechanisms, although there are always operational tensions due to some contradictions between the modern and indigenous policing systems when crime is committed in indigenous areas. This is mainly because the modern police system wants to impose its way of resolving crime while the indigenous police system want crime to be solved in the traditional/indigenous manner that have been practiced for centuries. These fundamental differences have created two parallel institutions which are both rooted in providing safety and security to the community. The research also reveals that modern policing in Ethiopia can benefit tremendously from well researched experiences and practices of indigenous policing. This does not imply that indigenous policing system is democratic and all the experiences could be relevant to modern policing, but it simply means that the identification and the sharing of best practices from both sides could lead to mutual benefits of these systems. In its conclusion the research shows that Ethiopia has the potential to develop a unique policing system that reflects its distinctive cultural heritage and that meets the needs of its people. This potential is more likely to be actualized if the country preserves and incorporate the best practices of both these systems and use them as integral part of the Ethiopian modern policing. / Police Practice / D .Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

The role of the Libras Educational Interpreter is of great importance because it gives the deaf student access to knowledge. It is necessary, however, to prepare this professional so that his identity is recognized. This research aims to understand and analyze, based on narratives, how the professional identity of the Libras Educational Interpreter has been constructed in the context of the Federal University of Sergipe. In the empirical scenario of the research, the presence of this professional was highlighted as of 2011, in particular, under Law 12,319 / 2010. Under these circumstances, it is asked: how the Libras Educational Interpreter has been building his professional identity at the Federal University of Sergipe? The methodological path, of qualitative exploratory character, gained direction through narratives of the subjects chosen for this purpose - Libras Educational Interpreters. As a theoretical contribution, researchers and scholars were consulted, such as Perlin (2006), Gesser (2006), Schein (1996) on identity; Constâncio (2010), Martins (2009), Gurgel (2010) for the Interpreter in higher education. Questionnaires were also used composed of open and closed questions with the purpose of tracing the profile of professional interpreters. The analysis of the data was obtained taking as a starting point the Critical Narrative Analysis (ACN), from Mota (2013), with an acute reading of the text on a phenomenological look and circular hermeneutical technique of pre-comprehension and understanding of the phenomenon studied. And so, the narrative is divided into three expressive discursive instances, namely: it begins with the language resource (Content plane), running through the meaning effect (Language plan) and arrives at the moral of the story.( world model plan). The results were obtained from the following episodes: Formation of being an interpreter; Function of the interpreter; Identification with work; Professional dilemmas; Pathways to valorization. These episodes demonstrate that, in the narratives, many factors contribute to the construction of the professional identity, since, for the narrators of the research, the presence of the educational interpreter causes that the deaf university students have, besides the access to the knowledge, the opportunity education and, in fact, the expansion of the educational space. And so, the interpreters conclude that they intermediation between all the involved ones - teachers, students and servers -, and in the way, also, contribute to the constitution of Education Inclusive University. / O papel do Intérprete Educacional de Libras é de elevada importância, por oportunizar ao discente surdo o acesso ao conhecimento. É necessário, porém, preparar esse profissional de modo que sua identidade seja (re)conhecida. A presente pesquisa objetiva compreender e analisar, com base em narrativas, como a identidade profissional do Intérprete Educacional de Libras vem sendo construída no contexto da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. No cenário empírico da pesquisa, a presença desse profissional ganhou destaque a partir do ano 2011, em particular, por força da Lei 12.319/2010. Sendo assim, indaga-se: como o Intérprete Educacional de Libras vem construindo sua identidade profissional na Universidade Federal de Sergipe? O caminho metodológico, de caráter exploratório qualitativo, ganhou direção mediante narrativas dos sujeitos eleitos para este fim – Intérpretes Educacionais de Libras. Como aporte teórico, foram consultados pesquisadores e estudiosos, a exemplo de Perlin (2006), Gesser (2006), Schein (1996) sobre a identidade; Constâncio (2010), Martins (2009), Gurgel (2010) para o Intérprete no ensino superior. Foram utilizados também questionários compostos de perguntas abertas e fechadas com o propósito de traçar o perfil dos profissionais intérpretes. A análise dos dados obtidos foi realizada tomando como ponto de partida a Análise Crítica da Narrativa (ACN), de Mota (2013), com uma leitura aguçada do texto sobre um olhar fenomenológico e técnica hermenêutica circular de pré-compreensão e compreensão do fenômeno estudado. E assim, divide-se a narrativa em três instâncias discursivas expressivas, a saber: inicia pelo recurso de linguagem (Plano de conteúdo), perpassa para o efeito de sentido (Plano de linguagem) e chega na moral da história (Plano de modelo de mundo). Os resultados foram obtidos a partir dos seguintes episódios: Formação do ser intérprete; Função do intérprete; Identificação com o trabalho; Os dilemas profissionais; Caminhos para a valorização. Estes episódios demonstram que, nas narrativas, inúmeros fatores contribuem para a construção da identidade profissional, uma vez que, para os narradores da pesquisa, a presença do intérprete educacional faz com que os discentes surdos universitários tenham, além do acesso ao conhecimento, a oportunidade de educação e, com efeito, a ampliação do espaço educacional. E assim, os intérpretes concluem que fazem a intermediação entre todos os envolvidos – professores, alunos e servidores –, e no caminho, também, contribuem para a constituição da Educação Inclusiva Universitária. / São Cristóvão, SE

Cette thèse de doctorat repose essentiellement sur notre analyse critique des études et des projets menés par différents consultants (syriens, européens, internationaux) et sur nos enquêtes de terrain à Damas, capitale de la Syrie. En 2004, près de 40 % de la population de l’agglomération de Damas vivaient dans des zones non-réglementaires. Celles-ci représentent donc une composante essentielle de l’expansion urbaine. Premièrement, la thèse analyse le phénomène de l’habitat non-réglementaire à Damas. Elle explique le marché foncier et les caractéristiques des lotissements clandestins dans trois études de cas, deux quartiers: Assad Al Din et Daf Al Chok et un village : Al Bahdalya. Elle montre également comment le maître d’œuvre effectue les étapes de sa construction. Deuxièmement, la thèse traite de la politique urbaine. Elle présente les consultants : MAM, Cities Alliance, Al Diwan, qui ont mené des études et des projets pour les zones étudiées. Elle examine ici leurs études et projets dans une analyse critique approfondie. Troisièmement, la thèse traite de la politique urbaine à l’épreuve des usagers. Elle étudie les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des habitants interviewés des zones étudiées, leur mobilité résidentielle et leurs attitudes à l’égard des projets et des études proposés. Certains des chefs de ménage interviewés pensent qu’ils seront logés, mais beaucoup pensent qu’ils seront expulsés. C'est pourquoi la thèse traite finalement la question du relogement en s’appuyant sur notre enquête de terrain dans une banlieue de relogement Al Hussainyah. / This dissertation is mainly based on our critical analysis of studies and projects by different consultants (Syrian, European, international) and on our fieldwork in Damascus, capital of Syria. In 2004, nearly 40 % of the population in the urban district of Damascus lived in informal settlements. Therefore, these settlements represent an essential component of urban expansion. Firstly, the dissertation analyzes the phenomenon of informal habitat in Damascus. It explains the land market and the characteristics of illegal settlements in three case studies, two neighborhoods: Assad Al Din and Daf Al Chok and a village: Al Bahdalya. It also shows how the builder performs the different phases of construction. Secondly, the thesis deals with urban policy. It presents the consultants: MAM, Cities Alliance, Al Diwan, who have undertaken studies and projects for the areas mentioned above. Here, the dissertation examines their studies and projects to provide critical, in depth analysis. Thirdly, the dissertation deals with the urban policy as perceived by the citizens. It studies socioeconomic characteristics of the interviewed inhabitants in the areas studied here, residential mobility and their attitudes towards projects and studies proposed to them. Some of interviewed household’s heads think they will be given a house, but many think they will be evicted. That is why the dissertation finally addresses the issue of relocation which is based on our fieldwork in the re-housing suburb of Al Hussainyah.