Interaction between people can be seen as a distinctive feature of 'post-industrial society'. In this study I investigate some of the conditions for this encounter in private service work in Sweden. I start by discussing some important concepts: service, service encounter and emotional labour. Three parties in an interactional triangle can be perceived: the service enterprise, the service worker and the customer. The service encounter is embedded in organisational frames. Recruiting for social competence and training for selling interaction are two facets of these frames. In interactive service work, control is complicated by the fact that a third party, the customer, is involved and that the borders between worker, work process and result are somewhat indistinct. Indirect forms of control can be used to affect workers' attitudes and thinking, as well as behaviour. Service work can be described as a form of acting. Different service workers will identify differently with their work role. In my study I observe both positive and negative experiences of work. A majority report that they sometimes are so tired of people that they want to be alone after work. I distinguish two dimensions of interactive service work: type of interaction and sales situation. Interaction can be more or less important, and the sales situation can be more or less concealed. Based on these dimensions I suggest a typology to illustrate some differences between different service occupations. Four types are suggested: (1) Work first, and customer later; (2) Personalised services; (3) Routine selling; and (4) Persuasive selling. In the second group we find the experts of interaction, but also the strongest signs of social strain.

Although many aspects of odor naming have received attention during the years, the participants' own cognitions (metamemory) about their naming attempts have not. (i) We showed that feeling of knowing (FOK) judgments accompanying odor naming failures are predictive of later recognition (Study I) or retrieval (Study III) of the missing name, but to a lesser degree than equivalent judgments about names of persons. “Tip of the nose” (TON) experiences do predict later odor name recall (Study I), but are otherwise poorly related to any partial activation of other information associated with the odor. (ii) We evaluated two theories proposed to explain the underlying basis of FOK judgments. Correlational analysis showed that FOK judgments about odor names are related to the perceived familiarity of the cue triggering the FOK (cue familiarity theory; Study III). FOK judgments are based on the amount of available information about the sought-for memory (accessibility theory; Study I and III). (iii) We demonstrated that the participants are overconfident in their odor naming attempts (Study I and II). This may to some degree be due to the arousing properties of the odors (Study II), suggesting that emotional variables should be taken into account when researching metamemory. (iv) Our inability to correctly name odors are typically not due to an uniquely poor association between odors and their proper names, but rather due to failures to identify the odors (Study III), that is, failures to retrieve “what it is”. It was also found that TOT experiences are unusual for odor names and more so than for person names. (v) We discuss potential differences between olfactory metamemory and metamemory for other modalities. The TON experience differs from the tip of the tongue (TOT) experience and the predictive validity is lower for metamemory judgments about odor names compared to other modalities.

In our modern world, a signifi cant number of traditional values have been dramatically manipulated, taking on new meanings and definitions quite diff erent from their original or natural signifi cance. Moreover, these traditional values are being replaced by new ones deemed more suitable to today’s world. Ideas such as selfl essness, humility, and longing, among others, have seemingly lost value as a consequence of the frantic pace of modern life and replaced by self-centredness, greed,aridity, exteriority, which will have a direct impact on our surrounding environment. Let’s imagine a land in which selfi shness is not a priority. Instead, replace it with a society driven by humane preferences. Would the architecture of that society still look like ours does today? Would it be as unsociable as it is in our so-called advanced civilization? This thesis investigates this query through a juxtaposition of the traditional values of a Persian art with the demands of modern life. It is a study of the calligraphic art of Iran as a transcendental practice, highly intertwined with strong emotions, wherein the intention of the research is to discover the relationship between Persian calligraphy and architecture. Presenting calligraphy as a context for understanding architecture has the potential to get beyond ourselves in the spaces we author. This research aims to allow the essence of Persian calligraphy into modern space as a means to revive the true essence of architecture: reunion of feeling and space, a concept that is given too little attention in our current architecture.

The purpose of this case study is to gain a deepened understanding of how employees within the home care sector experience their work in general and their working conditions in particular based on which emotions they experience and how the employees handle these emotions. In order to answer the purpose and questions raised in the study, five semistructured interviews were held with home care workers. The study subjects were asked questions aiming to get them to share their knowledge and experiences regarding their working situation. The gathered empirical material was then analyzed with the help of emotional sociological theories and concepts as well as with parts of Goffman´s dramaturgical perspective. The results of the study show that employees working within the home care sector experience a wide range of emotions, where stress is one of the most frequently experienced emotions. Stress is experienced mainly due to the subjects experiencing their work as high demanding and that they lack control over their work. The results also showed that the employees use a mixed approach to their work. On the one hand, the study subjects experience that their identities are closely linked to their work and that close relationships are formed with the home care recipients. On the other hand, the subjects emphasize the importance of separating their individual personal from their professional role as caregivers in order to avoid emotional strains. In their relationship with the home care recipients, the employees must take in to account various emotional rules and the social exchange is characterized by an imbalance in the relationship between home care recipients and workers. Another key aspect of the home care employees working situation emerging from this study is a certain lack of the posterior region which appears during the subject’s lunch breaks. During the lunch break work related topics are discussed and the care giver might have to finish their lunch break early in order to assist a colleague or care recipient.

In our modern world, a signifi cant number of traditional values have been dramatically manipulated, taking on new meanings and definitions quite diff erent from their original or natural signifi cance. Moreover, these traditional values are being replaced by new ones deemed more suitable to today’s world. Ideas such as selfl essness, humility, and longing, among others, have seemingly lost value as a consequence of the frantic pace of modern life and replaced by self-centredness, greed,aridity, exteriority, which will have a direct impact on our surrounding environment. Let’s imagine a land in which selfi shness is not a priority. Instead, replace it with a society driven by humane preferences. Would the architecture of that society still look like ours does today? Would it be as unsociable as it is in our so-called advanced civilization? This thesis investigates this query through a juxtaposition of the traditional values of a Persian art with the demands of modern life. It is a study of the calligraphic art of Iran as a transcendental practice, highly intertwined with strong emotions, wherein the intention of the research is to discover the relationship between Persian calligraphy and architecture. Presenting calligraphy as a context for understanding architecture has the potential to get beyond ourselves in the spaces we author. This research aims to allow the essence of Persian calligraphy into modern space as a means to revive the true essence of architecture: reunion of feeling and space, a concept that is given too little attention in our current architecture.

Šiame darbe buvo aptartas menkavertiškumo jausmas, jo kompensavimas bei svarba pedagoginiame kontekste. Taip pat aptartas pasitenkinimas darbu, pristatyti jį įtakojantys veiksniai bei pagrindinės teorijos. Darbe pristatyta streso samprata, pedagogų stresogeniniai įvykiai bei pagrindiniai modeliai. Be to pateiktas pedagoginio darbo specifiškumas, pedagogo darbo stiliaus samprata bei sąveikos su mokiniu ypatumai. Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas yra atskleisti pedagogų lyginamojo menkavertiškumo jausmo svarbą pasitenkinimui darbu, stresogeninių įvykių patyrimui bei klasės valdymo stiliui remiantis individualiosios psichologijos principais. Atliktas tyrimas, kurio metu ištirta 103 pedagogai ( amžiaus vidurkis 43m., pedagoginio darbo stažo vidurkis 20m.). Iš jų 8 vyrai bei 94 moterys. Atlikus duomenų analizę paaiškėjo, jog pedagogų tarpe yra stebimas vidutinis arba žemas menkavertiškumo lygmuo. Tačiau pedagogų menkavertiškumo jausmas n��ra susijęs nei su amžiumi nei su jų pedagoginio darbo stažu. Taip pat pastebėta, jog menkavertiškumo jausmas demografinių rodiklių tokių kaip gimimo eiliškumas yra universalus, tai yra būdingas visoms grupėms. Pedagogų pasitenkinimas darbu nustatytas pakankamai aukštas bei pastebėta, jog pedagogai iki 12 metų augę kartu su abiem tėvais linkę jausti didesnį pasitenkinimą darbu. Taip pat nustatyta, jog pedagogai savo darbe patiria vidutinę stresogeninių įvykių įtampą, tačiau su demografiniais rodikliais sąsajų nepastebėta. Dominuojantis pedagogų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There was analyzed inferiority feeling and it‘s compensation. Also there was a discussion about teacher‘s work satisfaction, it‘s elements and the main theories. Furthermore there was aded the conception of stress, teacher‘s stressful events and teacher‘s stress models either teacher‘s work realities, classrom management styles and teacher-child interaction were aded as well. The purpose of this work is to disclose the importance of teacher‘s inferiority feeling for their work satisfaction, intensity of stressful life events and classroom management style in the frame of individual psychology. Respondents were 103 teachers with 43 years average of age and 20 years of work experience. The sex distrubution was 8 males and 94 females. Results have shown that there is observable feeling of inferiority among teachers. However any correlations between inferiority feeling, age and work experience have been observed. There was noticed that inferiority feeling is universal with regard to demographic variables that is typical for all groups. Also results have shown that teachers are satisfied with their work and also teachers who have been living with their both parents till age of 12 are more satisfied with their work. Furthemore was noticed that intensity of teacher‘s stressfull events are at medium level. Classroom management style Understading is dominant among teachers. Whereas any differences in using classroom management styles with regard to demographic variables and... [to full text]

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-24T14:33:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Joao Quadro Neto.pdf: 961182 bytes, checksum: a6dd4ffb334336aa87127ac126c5c2db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T14:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Joao Quadro Neto.pdf: 961182 bytes, checksum: a6dd4ffb334336aa87127ac126c5c2db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Este estudo se propôs a investigar, dentre as suas questões norteadoras, aquelas ligadas ao espaço que as redes sociais de comunicação informal – RSCIs - ocupam dentro das organizações industriais. Assume como hipótese que as RSCIs ajudam os seus integrantes a melhor entenderem o ambiente organizacional, promovem a interação social e, por conseqüência, estimulam o sentimento de pertença dos indivíduos, facilitando, dessa forma, o processo de comprometimento deles com a organização. Pertença é entendida no estudo como um sentimento em que o indivíduo assume que este lugar lhe pertence, de tal forma, que acredita ser possível participar dele e que vale à pena interferir na sua rotina e nos seus destinos. O estudo admitiu como premissa que as “sombras organizacionais” e a “disfuncionalidade comportamental” do seu corpo gerencial são variáveis que não somente contribuem para as “incongruências” entre o discurso e a prática nas organizações, mas também, influenciam na formação de traços patológicos na personalidade de uma organização. Dentro da premissa o estudo assume também que estes traços patológicos e as revoluções porque passam as organizações influenciam no grau de intensidade das RSCIs nesses ambientes. Para a confirmação da hipótese o autor se valeu do método fenomenológico, colocando em suspensão os valores declarados por duas empresas industriais com diferentes estilos gerenciais, os valores percebidos pelos seus empregados e a configuração da comunicação informal naquelas empresas, de modo a poder mapear as possíveis “incongruências” existentes e suas conseqüências sobre o desempenho das redes sociais de comunicação informal. Como apoio ao estudo utilizou-se de pesquisas quantitativas estratificadas com empregados e gerentes das referidas empresas, cujos resultados foram analisados num formato de estudo de caso. Esta metodologia revelou a coerência da premissa e a confirmação da hipótese. Como resultado desta investigação, o estudo propõe um modelo para construção de uma comunicação interna mais integrada, que possa manter um convívio mais harmônico entre a comunicação formal e a informal dentro das organizações industriais. / Salvador

Grâce à une étude exhaustive de la notion de vie dans l'œuvre d'Arthur Schopenhauer, la thèse répond à la question de la vie et du vivre-encore. Il s'agit de montrer comment la métaphysique schopenhauerienne de la volonté explique et justifie le phénomène de la vie ainsi que celui de la persistance dans le vivre. D'emblée, la thèse propose d'établir la définition ultime et métaphysique de la vie. C'est alors que le phénomène de la vie se trouve défini de part en part comme volonté de vivre et alors, comme un phénomène qui cherche à vivre et à vivre encore. La thèse explique aussi comment les différentes approches de la vie proposées par Schopenhauer permettent de définir cette notion selon une perspective biologique, philosophique, existentielle et métaphorique, mais toujours relativement à la définition métaphysique de la vie. Une étude du sentiment de vie révèle l'épreuve de la vie comme volonté de vivre, c'est-à-dire d'une vie qui se veut toujours elle-même. C'est alors que la vie s'impose en soi comme une nécessité de vivre, mais aussi comme une nécessité de souffrir parce que vivre c'est aussi toujours souffrir. La négation de la volonté comme solution à la douleur de vivre se trouve alors critiquée et remise en cause par un examen des tensions entre le besoin d'affirmation de la volonté dans le phénomène de la vie et l'intention de négation de la volonté chez le sujet qui cherche son salut. Il apparait donc clairement qu'en ayant placé au cœur du sujet une volonté de vivre aveugle et puissante Schopenhauer a fait de la vie un phénomène quasi incorruptible : l'affirmation de la volonté s'impose comme un impératif et ainsi s'impose la vie comme nécessité de vivre. / The thesis answers the question of life and further living by means of an exhaustive study of the concept of life in Arthur Schopenhauer's work. The principal concern is to demonstrate how Schopenhauer's metaphysics explains and justifies the phenomenon of life as well as the phenomenon of the persistence into the living. From the beginning the thesis establishes the ultimate and the metaphysical definition of life. Therefore the phenomenon of life is defined throughout as Will-to-live and then, as a phenomenon that seeks for life and further living. The thesis also shows how Schopenhauer's different approaches to the concept of life allow one to define life from a biological, philosophical, existential and a metaphorical perspective, but which is always related to the metaphysical definition of life. A study of the feeling of life reveals that what is always felt is the Will-to-live i.e. a life that always wants itself. Then life imposes itself into itself as a necessity to live, but also as a necessity to suffer because living always entails suffering. The negation of the will as a solution for existential pain and suffering is therefore criticized and reconsidered by an examination of all the existing tensions between the need of the phenomenon of life to affirm the will and the intention to negate the will in the subject looking for salvation. Subsequently it appears evident that by putting a blind and powerful Will-to-live into the heart of the subject Schopenhauer has rendered life into an almost incorruptible phenomenon: the affirmation of the will imposes itself as an imperative and so life imposes itself as a necessity to live.

Neste trabalho pretendemos demonstrar que a utilização da impunidade como suposto motivador criminal - seja como conceito, seja como conteúdo -, é equivocada na medida em que aquela não passa de um defeito funcional advindo do descompasso entre o programa criminalizador primário e a criminalização secundária, ainda que intermediada pela criminalização terciária (midiática). A consequência dessa paralaxe seria a migração léxica não só do verbete impunidade para o verbete impunização, senão a consideração de que essa não passa de um apontar de dedo político, útil ao sistema penal que, descaradamente, utiliza-se daquela desafinação para manter ou aumentar o seu poder punitivo. Para tanto, utilizamo-nos do método indiciário, haja vista não nos ser possível decifrar todas as causas e consequências que envolvem o discurso da impunidade criminógena, embora isso não nos tenha impedido de concluir que a seletividade inerente ao sistema penal, equivocadamente nomeada de impunidade, serve, em última medida, quando bem utilizada, como corretivo da voracidade do poder punitivo. Corretivo que, todavia, para exercer todo seu poder curativo, não pode continuar se valendo da própria seletividade, senão de uma redução do próprio poder punitivo. / The intention with this work is to manifest that the use of impunity as a presumed criminal motivator be it as an idea, be it as a content, is mistaken insofar as it is just a functional fault coming from the mismatch between the primary criminalizing program and the secondary one, despite mediated by the third (media repercussion). The implication of this parallax would be a lexical migration on not only the entry from impunity to impunization, but also the thought that the concept is merely a misuse of political intervention, useful to the criminal justice system, which, shamelessly, harnesses the maladjustment to keep or increase its punitive power. For this purpose, the evidentiary method was utilized in this work, as proved the impossibility to deciphering all the causes and consequences involving the discourse of illegitimate impunity. Although this does not prevent us from finding that the inherent selectivity to the criminal justice system, mistakenly called impunity, serves, as a latter measure, when it is effectively applied, as a method for correction for the voracity of the punitive power. In order to exert all of its curative power, this correction should not take advantage of its own selectivity, but a reduction of its own punitive power.

We evaluate if the social network structure, the percei ved support and the personal satisfaction acts on the caregiver's feeling of burden, coming from the caring of a child oran older parent with chronic invalidating illness. We used Mannheim's Instrument for Social Support (1986) and the Feeling of Burden Questionnaire (Zarit & Zarit, 1999) with 143 caregivers -50,3% mothers and 49,7% daughters. Taking into account the multivariate statistical tests, we can conclude that mothers have a larger relatives network than daughters, even though they don't significantly differ in the perception of social support. In mothers, the size of the relatives network, the everyday instrumental and the psychological crisis support diminishes the feeling of burden, as for the daughters the more intense crisis instrumental perceived support diminishes the same feeling. / Se evalúa si la estructura de la red social, el apoyo percibido y su nivel de satisfacción personal inciden en el sentimiento de sobrecarga del cuidador, derivado de la asistencia de un hijo o de un progenitor anciano con una enfermedad crónica invalidante. Con tal fin, fueron administrados a 143 cuidadoras -50,3% madres y 49,7% hijas- el Cuestionario sobre Apoyo Social de Mannheim (1986) y el Cuestionario sobre Sentimiento de Carga de Zarit y Zarit (1999). A partir de las pruebas multivariadas de significación estadística, se puede concluir que las madres presentan una red de parientes mayor que las hijas, aunque no se diferencian significativamente en la percepción del apoyo social. En ellas, el tamaño de la red de parientes, el apoyo instrumental cotidiano y psicológico en crisis aminora el sentimiento de sobrecarga, mientras que en las hijas lo disminuye la mayor intensidad de apoyo instrumental en crisis percibido por ellas.