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Práticas de letramentos acadêmicos na escrita da monografia: relações de poder na academiaBotelho, Laura Silveira 01 June 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Com o crescente aumento do número de vagas nas universidades do país, as discussões sobre a escrita e a leitura dos discentes no ensino superior ganharam certa visibilidade. Não é pouco comum ouvir professores reclamarem que seus alunos não sabem ler e escrever. Infelizmente, tornou-se quase um senso comum a ideia de que bastaria o fato de o aluno ser aprovado em processos seletivos para que as habilidades de leitura e escrita já estivessem suficientemente desenvolvidas, como se ler e escrever fossem atividades aprendidas apenas em uma etapa pontual da escolarização. Acreditamos que as diferentes capacidades de linguagem (BRONCKART, 1999) devem ser desenvolvidas, por meio dos gêneros, não só na etapa escolar do aluno, mas, também, quando esse aprendiz está no ensino superior, diante do desafio de usar adequadamente determinados gêneros que são fundamentais para a sua vida acadêmica, mas que, na verdade, não lhe são familiares ou nunca foram objeto de estudos antes. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo central deste trabalho, inserido no campo da Linguística Aplicada, é investigar a natureza das dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos de uma faculdade particular no processo de escrita da monografia como trabalho de conclusão do curso de Pedagogia. Para cumprir esse objetivo, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa interpretativista de cunho etnográfico (ERICKSON, 2003; ANDRÉ, 2008). Como objetivos subjacentes, temos: a) identificar as dimensões escondidas no processo de construção da monografia; b) verificar como é feita a inserção de vozes e do ponto de vista na monografia; c) discutir as relações de poder presentes na escrita desse gênero em uma dada comunidade discursiva. O embasamento teórico apoia-se nos pressupostos do grupo de Novos Estudos de Letramento (STREET, 2003, 2007, 2010; LILLIS; SCOTT, 2008) e sua vertente teórica conhecida como Letramentos Acadêmicos (LEA, 2006; LILLIS, 1999; LEA, STREET, 2014; IVANIC, 1998), que compreende o letramento não meramente como uma habilidade técnica e neutra, mas uma prática de cunho social, sempre envolta em princípios epistemológicos socialmente construídos. Também, adotamos a perspectiva dialógica de linguagem de Bakhtin (2010) ao defendermos a relevância da dimensão social do gênero. O Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 2009), por meio de seu viés didático, contribui com o conceito de capacidades de linguagem na proposta de construção de uma definição do gênero monografia (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004, CRISTOVÃO; STUTZ, 2011). Com a coleta de dados (gravação em áudio), que foi realizada durante as aulas da disciplina Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, buscamos encontrar categorias que mapeassem as dificuldades dos alunos em relação ao gênero pesquisado. Além disso, analisamos partes de uma das monografias e entrevistamos alunos e professores de modo a triangular melhor os dados. Os resultados sinalizam que as dificuldades no processo de produção estão mais relacionadas aos aspectos sociodiscursivos (por exemplo, falta de apropriação de elementos relativos à pesquisa, relações de poder na Academia, processo de construção de identidade por meio da escrita) do que propriamente linguísticos e textuais (como questões formais e organização do plano global do texto). / With the rise in the number of vacancies in Brazilian universities, discussions about students‟ reading and writing skills in higher education seem to gain visibility. It is common to perceive teachers complain about students who do not know how to read and write. Unfortunately, it almost has become common sense the idea that students‟ approval in exams would suffice as far as the development of their skills is concerned, as if reading and writing were learned in just one step of schooling. We believe that different language capabilities (BRONCKART, 1999) should be developed through genres, not just in schooling period, but also when the learner is in higher education facing the challenge of using certain genres accordingly, which is imperative for his academic life. Such genres are actually unfamiliar or have never been studied. From this perspective, our main goal is to investigate the nature of writing difficulties experienced by students who go to a private university, upon producing a monograph as an end-of-course Pedagogy paper. For this, we conducted qualitative, interpretive, and ethnographic research (ERICKSON, 2003; ANDRÉ, 2008). As subgoals, we intend to: a) identify hidden dimensions in a monograph‟s writing process; b) investigate how the insertion of voices and point of view is performed in the monograph; c) discuss power relations found in the production of this genre in a given discursive community. Our theoretical basis is supported by the New Literacy Studies (STREET, 2003, 2007, 2010; LILLIS; SCOTT, 2008) and by its Academic Literacies (LEA, 2006; LILLIS, 1999; LEA, STREET, 2014; IVANIC, 1998), which encompasses literacy not as merely a technical and neutral ability, but as a social practice, always involved by socially constructed epistemological principles. We, too, adopted the dialogical perspective of language (BAKHTIN, 2010), upon defending the social dimension of text genres. The Sociodiscursive Interactionism‟s contribution (BRONCKART, 2009), through its didactic vein, concerns the concept of language capacities in the proposal of a definition of the genre monograph (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004, CRISTOVÃO; STUTZ, 2011). After data collection (audio recordings), done in classes of a discipline named “End-of-course Paper”, we sought for categories that mapped students‟ difficulties as far as the genre monograph is concerned. Besides that, we analyzed sections of those monograps and interviewed students and professors in order to triangulate data. The results have signaled that the difficulties in the production process are more related to sociodiscursive aspects (e. g. lack of appropriation of elements concerning research, power relations in the academia, identity building through writing) than to, strictly speaking, linguistic and textual matters (e.g. in regards to form and to overall textual organization).
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Evolutionary Studies of Fruit-Piercing Moths in the Genus Eudocima Billberg (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)Crystal Klem (7053191) 16 October 2019 (has links)
<p>The
prevalence of monoculture and landscape simplification is correlated with
diminished biodiversity and increased presence of harmful pest species in crop
environments. Lepidoptera is the largest clade of herbivorous insects, with
many agriculturally significant species. The pest status of insects in agricultural settings is human-defined
based on behaviors that may negatively impact the yield of susceptible crops.
As such, both the insect behavior and the affected crop play a part in
determining pest status. One helpful means of understanding pest status
involves using pest injury guilds, which distinguish different pest groups
based on similar kinds of injury to comparable plant tissues. Pest injury
guilds defined in the literature are reviewed and then applied to
agriculturally-significant Lepidoptera. Specialized Lepidoptera behaviors are
reviewed within their respective injury guilds, and the systematics, ecology,
and control options for fruit-piercing moths are discussed within the context
of pest Lepidoptera behaviors. To address the need for distribution information
for economically relevant Lepidoptera, the first annotated checklist of
pest Lepidoptera is also provided for the United States and Canada. This
checklist includes 80 agriculturally significant Lepidoptera species and
complexes, and incorporates notes on distribution, species delimitation,
natural history, and establishment.<br></p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p>Fruit-piercing
moths in the genus <i>Eudocima</i> Billberg,
1820 have significant pest status as adults rather than as larvae, and directly
injure fruits using a specially-adapted proboscis. There are at least 48 <i>Eudocima</i> species which are found in the
world’s tropics, but confusion persists in the classification of this genus and
there are several suspected complexes. Additionally, the area of origin for
this group is uncertain, although the Oriental region has been postulated. A
comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of <i>Eudocima</i>
is conducted using 82 morphological characters, which are each described and
figured, and analyzed using parsimony. Results suggest that <i>Eudocima</i> is not monophyletic. Strongly-resolved
relationships were recovered, although these did not correspond with previous
generic concepts. The Australian region is recovered as the most parsimonious
area of origin for <i>Eudocima</i>, and
patterns of dispersal, particularly between the Oriental and Australian regions
along the Indo-Australian Archipelago, are discussed.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The <i>Eudocima phalonia</i>-complex is distributed
throughout the Old World and has been the subject of increasing interest and
research due to its economic impact in the tropics and status as a potential
invasive species. The recent description of closely-related sister species, as
well as morphological variation documented within <i>E. phalonia</i> itself, suggests possible speciation occurring within <i>E. phalonia</i> populations across its wide
geographic range. To test species boundaries for this taxon, a molecular
phylogeny is constructed using anchored hybrid enrichment and a next-generation
sequencing approach. Sampling for this phylogeny was informed using a global
range map for <i>E. phalonia</i>, which was
developed using georeferenced specimen data from natural history collections.
Biogeographic analyses are also conducted to investigate the area of origin and
dispersal patterns of <i>E. phalonia</i>,
and to examine possible speciation modes and gene flow. Georeferenced range
information is also utilized along with environmental variables in constructing
a correlative environmental niche model using MaxEnt, which is used to evaluate
a previous mini risk assessment for environmental suitability in the
continental United States for <i>E. phalonia</i>
establishment. Results suggest that <i>E.
phalonia</i> is monophyletic, with gene flow still occurring between
populations. The area of origin for <i>E.
phalonia</i> is postulated to be the Oriental region, although further
investigation is needed. Range predictions for <i>E. phalonia</i> from environmental modelling were performed for both the
Old World, which concurred well with occurrence data, and for the New World. Assessment
of environmental suitability for <i>E.
phalonia</i> in the continental United States suggests areas in Florida and
along the Gulf Coast are most favorable for establishment.</p>
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Les Harlay de Beaumont : une famille de la haute robe aux dix septième et dix huitième siècles / The Harlay of Beaumont, a family of the high Robe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuriesKašawū, Sihām al- 18 February 2012 (has links)
Ce travail envisage de reconstruire l’histoire d’une famille reconnue comme l’une des plus anciennes et honorables familles de la noblesse de robe parisienne. Ses représentants puisent leur célébrité dans une compétence si éminente dans le monde de la magistrature et dans une fidélité sincère au Roi et à la monarchie. Cette étude prend place dans l’essor qu’ont connu les biographies collectives relatives aux élites françaises depuis une vingtaine d’années. La conjugaison de plusieurs facteurs a donné lieu à une ascension spectaculaire de cette lignée robine durant le XVIIème siècle. D’autres facteurs ont amené à sa faillite au début du siècle suivant. Cette archéologie familiale construite en premier lieu à travers les actes notariés du minutier central des notaires parisiens et les fonds anciens des archives départementales, a également l’intérêt d’examiner la structure et la gestion de la fortune de cette famille ainsi que les représentations de la vie et de l’Au-delà chez certains de ses membres. / This work seeks to rebuild the history of a family known as one of the most old and honourable families of the Parisian Nobility of the robe. Its representatives draw their celebrity from an outstanding proficiency in the Judiciary world and sincere faithfulness to the King and Monarchy. This study goes alongside with the increasing rise of French elite collective biographies over the last twenty years. A combination of several factors gave rise to an impressive ascension of this Robe lineage at the XVIIth century. Other factors caused its bankruptcy by the beginning of the following century. This Family archaeology, rebuilt mainly through the deeds of the “Minutier central des notaires parisiens” and the historical collections of departmental archives, examines the structure and management of this family’s wealth as well as the representations of life and afterlife within some of its members.
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Des premières monographies du courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle à la formation des enseignants du second degré aujourd’hui / From the First Monographs of the Institutional Pedagogy’s Psychoanalytical Current to Teachers’ Training in Secondary Schools NowadaysDubois, Arnaud 05 April 2011 (has links)
La première partie de ce travail est une enquête historique menée à partir de sources variées. Le mouvement pédagogique habituellement nommé « pédagogie institutionnelle » est né en France dans les années 1960 et s’est rapidement divisé en deux courants, dont l’un est fortement influencé par la psychanalyse. Ce courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle s’est constitué autour des figures de Fernand Oury et Aïda Vasquez, auteurs en 1967 de Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle, dans lequel sont publiées six monographies commentées. L’auteur montre que l’écriture de monographies est une pratique ancienne dans le champ éducatif et prend sa source dans différentes champs. Cette pratique, largement répandue avant 1967, est renouvelée par le courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle à partir de 1962.Dans une deuxième partie, l’auteur inscrit ce travail dans une approche d’orientation psychanalytique. Questionnant son rapport à son objet de recherche, il s’appuie sur ses élaborations contre-transférentielles pour faire émerger ses questions de recherche. Il décrit ensuite un dispositif d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles qu’il met en place, en tant que formateur, dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants débutants du second degré. Dans ce dispositif qu’il propose de nommer « groupe monographique », les enseignants en formation sont invités à écrire des monographies. L’analyse d’un corpus de monographies produites dans ce cadre est à l’origine d’hypothèses sur les processus psychiques à l’œuvre pour les enseignants débutants dans leurs remaniements identitaires. / The first part of this study consists in undertaking a historical investigation drawing on various sources. The pedagogical movement usually referred to as “institutional pedagogy” rose up in France in the 1960’s and rapidly split up into two currents, one of them being strongly influenced by psychoanalysis. This psychoanalytical current of institutional pedagogy has been built up around the prominent figures of Fernand Oury and Aïda Vasquez, authors in 1967 of Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle, a book presenting six commentated monographs. Yet, writing monographs in pedagogy is an ancient practice that takes root in different fields. Such practice, well-spread before 1967, has been renewed by the psychoanalytical current of institutional pedagogy since 1962. In the second part, the author, from a psychoanalytical perspective, explores his link to his own research object. His research questions hence derive from countertransferential working-through. Afterwards, he describes a work group device that he has implemented as a teachers’ trainer to analyze the professional practices of newly qualified secondary school teachers. In what he proposes to call a “monographic group”, participants are invited to write professional monographs. By analyzing a corpus of monographs produced within this framework, the author then forms hypotheses on the psychical processes at work for newly qualified teachers regarding their identity changes.
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The Huntley and Palmers biscuit company (Reading, 1841-1977) : a history / Histoire de la biscuiterie Huntley and Palmers (Reading, 1841-1977)Délen, Claire 30 November 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse retrace l’histoire de la biscuiterie Huntley and Palmers, implantée à Reading de 1841 à 1977. Elle étudie le développement de l’entreprise à travers ses successives innovations et modernisations, d’une firme familiale traditionnelle à une entreprise moderne qui finit absorbée par de plus grands groupes. Ce travail examine l’impact de ce géant de l’industrie biscuitière sur la société britannique et plus largement le monde à travers une étude de sa production alimentaire ainsi que de sa production visuelle, en mobilisant des éléments de culture matérielle des archives officielles de la firme ainsi que d’autres fonds originaux. La thèse étudie également en profondeur la question du paternalisme tel qu’il est pratiqué par Huntley and Palmers, afin de re-situer ces pratiques et l’idéologie qui les motive dans un contexte national. Elle évalue ces pratiques à l’aune des différentes variétés de paternalisme existantes et retrace l’évolution d’une forme de paternalisme typique du dix-neuvième siècle vers un « nouveau paternalisme » institutionnalisé puis un « post-paternalisme » propre aux entreprises modernes. Enfin, le travail porte un intérêt tout particulier à mêler la perspective des employeurs à celle des employés, afin de dépasser la vision de l’entreprise donnée par les archives officielles. / This thesis recounts the history of the Huntley and Palmers biscuit company, based in Reading from 1841 to 1977. It examines the development of the company through the successive innovations and modernisations, from the traditional family firm to the modern firm that would eventually be absorbed by larger groups. This work studies the impact of the biscuit giant on British society and on the world at large by a survey of its production, in terms of food as well as visual production, by using elements of material culture present in the company’s official archives as well as original collections. It also investigates the question of paternalism and paternalist practices at Huntley and Palmers’, so as to locate these measures and the ideology behind them in a national context. These practices are assessed in the light of the different varieties of paternalism and enable us to map the evolution from a typical nineteenth-century brand of paternalism towards institutionalised “new paternalism” followed by a form of “post-paternalism” characteristic of modern companies. Finally, the thesis lays emphasis on combining the employers’ perspective with that of the employees in order to go beyond the vision of the company that transpires from the official archives.
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Swansong of the diphthong : Runic inscription orthography in 11th century Östergötland / Diftongens svanesång : Runinskrifternas ortografi i Östergötland under 1000-taletPalmér, Kate January 2022 (has links)
The orthography of Östergötland’s 11th century runic inscriptions varies widely, in part due to the lack of spelling norms at the time. This thesis seeks to identify other causes for the observed variation, based on the frequency and distribution of aspects of inscription orthography. The Old Norse words ræisa and stæin in the phrase “raised the stone” were analyzed based on the main vowel and its status as a monograph or digraph. The presence or absence of þ in inflected ræisa was also included as an indicator of age. All runic inscriptions in Östergötland with definite key word orthography were included, 169 in total. The analysis reveals that most inscriptions are clustered in three regions, each with a dominant vowel. By region, these are ei (west), i (central) and ai (east), with vowel consistency between ræisa and stæin the norm. The consonant þ in inflected ræisa is most common in the west and east. The vowel orthography together with the distribution of þ implies a relative chronology for Östergötland’s runic inscriptions, where the ongoing monophthongization is reflected in digraphs and monographs. The detailed orthography distribution of these variables shows that the main clusters align with the known 11th century quarries at Borghamn (west) and Vreta (central). Stoneworking at a shared site resulted in a transfer of knowledge, including runestone design and orthography which became a local norm as it spread. The lack of a unifying quarry in eastern Östergötland resulted in a more diverse local orthography, and possibly hampered the building of the first stone churches during the early 12th century. / Östergötlands runinskrifter från 1000-talet varierar stort i sin ortografi, delvis på grund av bristen på stavningsnormer när de ristades. Uppsatsen eftersträvar att identifiera andra orsaker för denna variation, baserat på frekvensen och distributionen av vissa aspekter i inskrifternas ortografi. De fornnordiska orden ræisa och stæin i inskriftsfrasen “reste sten” analyserades baserat på huvudvokalen samt om den var en monograf eller digraf. Användning av þ i böjda former av ræisa inkluderades som ett tecken på inskriftens ålder. Samtliga runinskrifter i Östergötland med en säker nyckelordsortografi analyserades, totalt 169 stycken. Resultaten visar att de flesta inskrifterna är grupperade i tre regioner som har varsin dominant vokal. Vanligast i väster är ei, i den centrala regionen råder i och i öster råder ai, med normen att samma vokal används i både ræisa och stæin. Konsonanten þ i böjd ræisa är vanligast i väster och i öster. Vokalortografin tillsammans med þ-distributionen indikerar en relativ kronologi för Östergötlands runinskrifter, där vokalernas monoftongering under 1000-talet återspeglas i digrafer och monografer. De analyserade variablernas distribution visar att huvudgrupperingarna sammanfaller med de kända stenbrotten från 1000-talet vid Borghamn (i väster) och Vreta (centrala regionen). Att stenarbetet skedde vid en gemensam site ledde till en omedveten kunskapsöverlämning mellan ristare. Inskriftsortografi kopierades och blev lokala normer allt efter att den spreds. Bristen på ett större stenbrott som informell, gemensam arbetsplats i östra Östergötland ledde till en mer varierad lokalortografi. Detta kan ha hindrat stenkyrkobygget lokalt under tidigt 1100-tal.
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Biosystematics of the Genus <i>Heuchera</i> (Saxifragaceae)Folk, Ryan Andrew 14 October 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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No Sense in Dwelling on the Past? The Fate of the U.S. Air Force's German Air Force Monograph Project, 1952-1969Shaughnessy, Ryan D. 16 December 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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Dieu, le capitalisme et le développement local : conflits sociaux et enracinement territorial : étude monographique d'un village québécoisParent, Frédéric 05 1900 (has links)
Inscrite dans la tradition monographique en sociologie et en anthropologie, cette thèse prend pour objet la diversité des pratiques et des idéologies caractéristiques des différents types de populations rurales distingués en fonction de l'enracinement territorial, afin d'apporter un nouvel éclairage sur les conflits sociaux actuels dans tous les milieux ruraux québécois qui surgissent notamment de l'accroissement du nombre des néo-ruraux dont les visions du monde s'opposent à celles des agriculteurs, dont le nombre diminue sans cesse. Prenant un village comme observatoire, il s'agit de rendre compte du mouvement totalisant de l'expérience de la vie en société à la fois dans ses dimensions « matérielles » et « symboliques ». L'étude des principales formes de vie sociale (religieuse, économique et politique) se fait grâce à des méthodes diversifiées: l'observation participante, l'analyse statistique, l'analyse du discours, le travail sur les archives municipales et l'histoire orale.
L'analyse des différentes formes de vie sociale montre que leur organisation est structurée par deux principaux modèles. Le modèle public et communautaire comprend les personnes qui valorisent l'implication de l'État et des professionnels dans la gestion collective de la redistribution des richesses et dans le développement des milieux ruraux. Ces personnes occupent une position économique « marginale » à l'intérieur de la localité et sont plus près des milieux urbains tant par leurs positions que par leurs visions du monde. Quant au modèle privé et familial, il comprend les personnes défendant le rôle prépondérant des réseaux familiaux dans le développement local et la fermeture de la localité face à la concurrence des marchés extérieurs et aux interventions politiques exogènes. Les représentants de ce modèle occupent une position économique locale dominante, mais se sentent de plus en plus dominés politiquement face aux interventions extérieures des représentants politiques régionaux et des professionnels ainsi qu'économiquement à l'échelle mondiale où ils occupent une position dominée. Les oppositions sous-jacentes à ces deux modèles s'inscrivent dans une histoire ancienne qui met en scène d'une part les élites traditionnelles liées à l'Église et les notables francophones scolarisées et d'autre part les élites industrielles et commerciales qui succèdent aux anglophones dès les années 1920. Le sens et le contenu des modèles varient légèrement avec les transformations récentes de la structure familiale et la régionalisation des pouvoirs politiques et religieux. / Pertaining to the monographic tradition in sociology and anthropology, this dissertation is about the diversity of the practices and ideologies of the different kinds of rural populations, which are in turn distinguished according to their "territorial establishment". I aim to shed a new light on the ongoing social conflicts in all of Quebec's countryside that are due to the increase of "new-inhabitants" whose world views are in opposition to the always decreasing farmers. With a village as observatory, I account for the "totalizing movement" of the social life experience in both its material and symbolic dimensions. I study the main forms of life (religious, economic, and political) with multivarious methods: "participant observation", statistical analysis, analysis of discourse, as well as the municipal archives and oral history.
The analysis of the diverse forms of social life shows that they are organized according to two main models: the public and communautarian model, and the private and familial one. The former model comprises individuals who value the State's and professionals interference in the redistribution of goods as well as in the development of the countryside. These individuals occupy a marginal economic position in the village, and their positions and world views are closer to urban individuals. As for the private and familial model, it comprises individuals who defends both the predominant role of family network in the development of the village, and the separation of the village from the exogenous market competition and political interventions. This model's representatives occupy a local dominant economic position, but feel more and more politically dominated in the regional political scene by their representatives and professionals, as well as in the world economy where they occupy a dominated position. The underlying oppositions of these two models are anchored in an age-old history that displays, on the one hand, the traditional elite associated to the Church and the francophone educated notaries, and, on the other hand, the industrial and commercial elite that succeeded to the Anglophones in the 1920s. The meaning and content of the models lightly vary with recent transformations in the family structure and with the regionalization of the political and religious powers.
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Louise Bourgeois dans le réseau de ses interprétationsGratton, Julie 07 1900 (has links)
Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Le présent mémoire de maîtrise étudie la fortune critique de l'artiste états-unienne d'origine française Louise Bourgeois. Il suit le parcours de l'artiste vers une reconnaissance critique et publique plutôt tardive, et une consécration comme figure importante de l'art de la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle. Favorisant une approche historiographique qui porte attention au genre d’écrits comme les survols et les monographies, il procède à l'analyse d'ouvrages concernant la place de Bourgeois dans le cadre des histoires de la sculpture moderne et des textes de nature diverse (historiques, théoriques et critiques) émanant de la mouvance féministe en art, avant de considérer les études réservées exclusivement à la trajectoire de Bourgeois et au développement de son œuvre. Plus largement, cette étude propose d'examiner les subtilités de la construction d'un réseau d'interprétations qui puisse répondre de la complexité d'une production artistique s'étalant sur près de soixante-dix ans, faisant appel à une grande variété de matériaux non conventionnels, oscillant entre la fascination pour la figure totémique et l’installation, tout en résistant aux classifications conventionnelles de mouvements et d’écoles, de même qu’à celles de développements formels et stylistiques continus. / This master's thesis is a study of the French born American artist Louise Bourgeois' critical review. More precisely, it considers the artist’s progress from her beginnings as an American sculptor in the forties to her critical but albeit late public recognition as an important figure in the art of the second half of the twentieth century. From a historiographical perspective, and working with texts dealing with modern sculpture in the U.S.A., feminism in the visual arts and more specifically the career of Bourgeois, we want to examine the situation of this artist amidst the different interpretations of her artworks. This study proposes to look at the subtleties in the construction of a web of interpretations. This web, we will see, is as complex as the production of an artist who created for more than seventy years. The intent of the first chapter is to grasp the position occupied by Bourgeois in some of the major texts constituting the history of modern sculpture. This overview will lead us to the second chapter where we will analyze the manner Bourgeois' work is addressed by feminist literature and practice. In this context, and by the fact that Bourgeois revealed tragic aspects of her childhood at the turn of the eighties, we will seek to understand the changes in the way her work has been perceived. The third chapter focuses on the study of the artist’s national and international recognition in parallel to the monographs having her as their main subject. Those texts, which have been often tied to biographical writing, reassess in a certain way the old concept of the mythical artist.
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