Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) are public shell entities uniquely constructed to acquire one or more privately held businesses. The transaction's structural characteristics put significant pressure on the management team's capabilities to find a suitable company to acquire within the predetermined time frame. This thesis investigates whether management team characteristics, such as operating experience and gender diversity, increases the likelihood of success in identifying the target company and conducting the merger. Although not statistically significant, the results indicate that SPACs led by “C-suite” operators do not have a higher likelihood of successfully consummating a business combination. Furthermore, our data indicates gender diversity to have a positive impact on acquisition likelihood. / Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) är publika skalbolag konstruerade enkom i syfte att förvärva ett eller flera privata bolag. Transaktionen lägger stor vikt på ledningens förmåga att identifiera och förvärva en eller flera verksamheter inom en förbestämd tidsram. Studien undersöker huruvida relevanta karaktärsdrag i ledningsgruppen, såsom operationell erfarenhet och skillnader i kön, ökar sannolikheten att identifiera och förvärva dessa bolag. Resultatet av studien påvisar inget samband mellan operationell erfarenhet och ökad sannolikhet för förvärv, men däremot visar sig skillnader i kön inom ledningsgruppen ha en positiv inverkan på sannolikheten för förvärv. Sammantaget är resultaten dock inte statistiskt signifikanta.

Communities sometimes hold private property rights in or adjacent to a protected area. Section 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 (the Constitution) protects a person's private property in that the state may not unfairly deprive or expropriate such private property. The interest in the environment are protected by section 24 of the Constitution which entails that every person has the right to an environment that is not harmful to one's health or well-being and also that the environment has to be preserved for present and future generations. National parks are the most valuable natural resource in terms of nature conservation that South Africa has, as these parks harvest natural resources to be preserved for present and future generations. The question that arises is which restrictions are placed on owners in respect of nature conservation, and what the constitutionality of such restrictions is. The answer this question is somewhat difficult as both the right to property and the right to a safe and clean environment are both fundamental rights in the Constitution, and these rights deserve protection. That being said, it is important to understand that no right in the Bill of Rights is an absolute right and all rights are subject to limitations. Such limitations should adhere to the requirements set out in section 36 of the Constitution. A limitation of any constitutional right will be accepted if it is proportional. Section 36(1) of the Constitution amounts to a general proportionality test to ensure that any right contained in the Bill of Rights is only limited by a law of general application and if such limitation is reasonable and justifiable. The National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) as well as the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003 (NEMPA) can be seen as laws of general application. NEMPA especially implies that private property holders may be deprived of their property, if it is situated in or adjacent to a protected area in order to conserve the environment, and this will also not be arbitrary as the private property holders are still allowed to reside on the land in question. NEMA as well as NEMPA makes provision that property may be expropriated for environmental purposes subject to compensation and the provisions of the Expropriation Act 63 of 1975. Limitation of property rights in order to protect and conserve the environment can thus not be seen as unconstitutional or unfair. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Communities sometimes hold private property rights in or adjacent to a protected area. Section 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 (the Constitution) protects a person's private property in that the state may not unfairly deprive or expropriate such private property. The interest in the environment are protected by section 24 of the Constitution which entails that every person has the right to an environment that is not harmful to one's health or well-being and also that the environment has to be preserved for present and future generations. National parks are the most valuable natural resource in terms of nature conservation that South Africa has, as these parks harvest natural resources to be preserved for present and future generations. The question that arises is which restrictions are placed on owners in respect of nature conservation, and what the constitutionality of such restrictions is. The answer this question is somewhat difficult as both the right to property and the right to a safe and clean environment are both fundamental rights in the Constitution, and these rights deserve protection. That being said, it is important to understand that no right in the Bill of Rights is an absolute right and all rights are subject to limitations. Such limitations should adhere to the requirements set out in section 36 of the Constitution. A limitation of any constitutional right will be accepted if it is proportional. Section 36(1) of the Constitution amounts to a general proportionality test to ensure that any right contained in the Bill of Rights is only limited by a law of general application and if such limitation is reasonable and justifiable. The National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) as well as the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act 57 of 2003 (NEMPA) can be seen as laws of general application. NEMPA especially implies that private property holders may be deprived of their property, if it is situated in or adjacent to a protected area in order to conserve the environment, and this will also not be arbitrary as the private property holders are still allowed to reside on the land in question. NEMA as well as NEMPA makes provision that property may be expropriated for environmental purposes subject to compensation and the provisions of the Expropriation Act 63 of 1975. Limitation of property rights in order to protect and conserve the environment can thus not be seen as unconstitutional or unfair. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Research in Logotherapy substantiates the influence of meaning on psychological health and Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) corroborates the effects of psychological health on physical health. This dissertation explores the relationship between meaning and physical health hypothesising that purpose affects physical health. Methodology Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), ANOVAs and stepwise regression were used to explore three possible models. Results EFA revealed four factors, purpose, fear, vitality and aggression. Significant correlations were found between purpose, vitality (0.42) and work application (0.53). Despite the significant relationship between purpose and vitality, the lack of Chi-square is significant, suggesting that additional variables should be introduced into the model. Conclusion People reporting high levels of purpose together with low levels of fear and aggression, can be characterised by high vitality and an absence of medical conditions. Future research should focus on evaluating meaning centred interventions on immunity and vitality. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Previous research and numerous examples of successful companies indicate that the office environment has a relationship to the brand identity. Despite the hints saying that these areas are linked to each other, theories about the connection seems insufficient. The aim of this study where therefore to identify possible connections between the office environment and brand identity from the employees' perspective. To investigate this, a survey was designed, which was based on three hypotheses, which were as follows: Perceived interior is positively related to perceived values, perceived communicative office environment is positively related to company culture, Perceived ergonomics are positively related to the perceived purpose. All of the hypotheses highlighted employees' perception of the office environment and brand identity. To further separate the concepts into measurable variables, an operationalization were conducted. These variables were then analyzed together, to see whether there was a relationship between office environments as the independent variable and brand identity as the dependent variable. The results showed that all hypotheses had a statistical significance and could therefore be accepted. Through the analysis there were control variables which got applied, where were as follows; age, gender, period of employment and lastly, hours per week which also showed a statistical significance. / Tidigare forskning och ett flertal exempel på framgångsrika företag indikerar på att kontorsmiljö har en relation till varumärkesidentitet. Trots en antydan på att områdena har en koppling till varandra är teorier om dess samband bristfällig. Denna forskningsstudie syftade därför till att kartlägga eventuella samband mellan kontorsmiljö och varumärkesidentitet ur anställdas perspektiv. För att undersöka detta utformades en enkätundersökning som utgick från tre hypoteser, vilket var följande: Upplevd interiör är positivt relaterad till upplevda värden, Upplevd kommunikativ kontorsmiljö är positivt relaterad till företagskultur, Upplevd ergonomi är positivt relaterad till upplevd syfte. Samtliga hypoteser belyste anställdas upplevelse av kontorsmiljön samt varumärkesidentiteten. Genom en operationalisering bröts begreppen ned till mätbara variabler. Fortsättningsvis ställdes dessa variabler mot varandra för att kunna urskilja samband, med kontorsmiljö som oberoende variabel och varumärkesidentitet som beroende variabel. Resultaten visade att samtliga hypoteser hade en statistisk signifikans och kunde därmed accepteras. Vid analysen tillämpades även kontrollvariablerna; ålder, kön anställningsperiod och timmar per vecka varav den sistnämnda även påvisade statistisk signifikans.

本研究共一冊，預計四萬至六萬字，分五章二十四節：第一章、導論，第二章、文獻 探討，第三章、研究設計，第四章、分析研究之結果，第五章、結論、限制及建議。 當組織內的員工向其上司提出要求或建議時，常會使用不同的方式。本研究乃以被影 響的角度，探討以下各項問題： 一、國內組織裡，部屬向上影響的方法大致分為那幾類？ 二、各類方式的使用頻率是否和上司的心理特質、上司的人口特質、部屬的人口特質 、組織特性有關。 三、各類方法的使用效果是否和上司的心理特質、上司的人口特質、部屬的人口特質 、組織特性有關。 四、各類方法的使用頻率和使用效果是否會因影響目的之不同而異。

本文共一冊，約一萬餘字，分五章。 本文內容乃探討抽樣問題之關於非線性統計量之估計方法，主要方法有三：線性化法 、摺刀法，均衡半樣本法，並比較三者之變異數估計式之大小。 本文共分五章，第一章說明研究動機與目的，及本文結構。第二章說明非線性統計量 應用三種方法時所得之估計式及偏誤。第三章討論該非線性統計量之變異數估計式並 討論並偏誤大小。第四章為實例分析，以討論比率參數在三種方法下之絕對偏誤之大 小。第五章結論。

新版「個人資料保護法」在民國99年5月公布，並正式實施於民國101年10月；隨著新法的實施，不管是公部門或民間組織，都投入大量資源以期改善並確保自己的組織對於個人資料之蒐集、處理與利用，能夠符合「個人資料保護法」的要求。 由於業務特性，個人資料的蒐集、處理與利用，乃是銀行業者日常必須面對的課題。雖然舊版個資相關法令「電腦處理個人資料保護法」與「銀行法」對於個人資料的處理都已有相關規定，但由於稽核與舉證困難、罰則過輕等原因，業者並未真正重視個資保護課題，善盡個資保護的責任，所以銀行發生個資外洩的案例時有所聞。新版「個人資料保護法」正式實施後，舉證責任歸屬由當事人變成企業，在疑似個資外洩事件發生時，企業須舉證其組織之系統或機制已對個人資料之控管機制已滿足「個人資料保護法」的要求，盡到完善管理之責任。因此業者不得不投入大量資源來周全組織內對於個人資料的保護與稽核機制，把新版法規的各項規定要求納入系統功能範疇。 伴隨「個人資料保護法」的實施，法務部頒布了「個人資料保護法之特定目的及個人資料之類別」細則來明確規範個人資料的類別範疇、以及存取個人資料之目的。本研究即針對此項要求，歸納分析銀行業的業務現況，並納入未來業務發展之可能需求，設計一具備彈性之個資存取框架以管理個資分類與存取目的，進而滿足「個人資料保護法」的要求。 / As the latest version of the "Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)" published on May, 2010, and formally implemented since October, 2012, all public and private sector organizations need to put in significant resources to meet the strengthened legal requirements of personal data collection, processing and utilization. Yet banks are among the first to be affected by them, as personal data collection, usage and handling are essential to their daily operations. Therefore, this thesis investigates the compliance of PDPA from a banking perspective. A distinguished feature of the new "Personal Data Protection Act" is the inclusion of "purposes" in regulating access to personal data, namelyan organization must get the informed consent from its customer regarding how her personal data will be used, namely privacy preferences. Currently, employing a proper access control mechanism to protect customer's data is a well-accepted discipline in bank information system (BIS) development. However, the design of such mechanisms hardly includes the requirement of supporting customers’ preferences regarding the use of their personal data. It is therefore highly desirable to extend a BIS's access control to handle customers' privacy preferences. This thesis investigates the common practices of bank operations and presents a purpose-based access control framework for future BIS development. Specifically, we derive a classification of bank customers' personal data and purpose categories for bank operations so that the proposedaccees control framework can ensure all accesses to customers' personal data match their granted access purposes. As a result, the framework will lay a foundation to the compliance of PDPA for a bank.

En av turismnäringens största byggstenar är event. Det är en bransch som ständigt utvecklas och växer. Detta gör att event är känsliga för trender och ständigt måste arbeta för att förnya sig och skapa attraktion till sina besökare. Det är av stor vikt för eventmangagers att skapa attraktionsstrategier för att bibehålla ett events attraktionskraft samt definiera vilken kategori av event som ska planeras. Det finns många olika kategorier av event och i den här studien kommer ett publikt och ett icke-publikt event att studeras. Studiens syfte är att bidra med förståelse för vilka attraktionsstrategier som används för att attrahera besökare för eventen Melodifestivalen och Årets Kock. Genom att få ökad förståelse för eventens strategier kunna urskilja likheter och skillnader mellan ett publikt och ett icke-publikt events attraktionsstrategier. I studien har en kvalitativ metod med en kombination av induktiv och deduktiv forskningsansats använts då författarna eftersökt en djupare förståelse och jämfört den insamlade datan mot tidigare forskning och teorier. Datainsamlingen har skett genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och textanalys för att också undersöka om beskrivna strategier går att identifiera på sociala medier och internet. Studiens slutsats är att det är viktigt för eventmanagers att definiera vilken kategori eventet tillhör samt syfte och målgrupp. Relevanta strategier är att skapa en dramaturgi som tilltalar målgruppen och skapar spänning och intresse samt att det finns en interaktion mellan eventet och publiken. / One of the most essential parts of the tourism industry's are events. It is an industry that is constantly evolving and growing. This means that the event is susceptible to trends and continually need to work to develop and create attraction to its visitors. It is of great importance to create attraction strategies to maintain the attractiveness of events and define what category of events to be planned. There are many different types of events, and in this study a public and non-public event will be studied. The study's aim is to contribute to the understanding of the attraction strategies used to attract visitors for Melodifestivalen and Årets Kock. By gaining greater understanding of the event's strategies accordingly to contribute to determine the similarities and differences between a public and non-public events attraction strategies. The study has a qualitative approach with a combination of inductive and deductive research approach, used in which the authors sought a deeper understanding and compared the data collected from previous research and theories. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and text analysis to also examine whether described strategies can be identified on social media and the Internet. The study concludes that it is important for event managers to define the category of the event, purpose and audience. Key strategies are to create an event dramaturgy that appeals to the target audience and create excitement and interest, and that there is an interaction between the event and the audience.

Functional democracy in a just society requires citizens who are complex thinkers and skilled, caring leaders. This study examines how undergraduate college students become committed citizens, the kind demanded by our changing world. In particular, it addresses the developmental and experiential factors that influence students' journeys of commitment to the public good, and how students understand their lived experiences integrating these diverse influences. Framed by my constructivist epistemology, I used the qualitative tradition of narrative inquiry to address these questions. I interviewed twelve highly engaged students about their experiences in diverse community-based work and learning over four years of college. I share narratives of each participant, then use cross-case analysis to identify themes across their experiences. I learned how they came to identify their roles in society and how key developmental and experiential influences shaped their processes of becoming civically committed. Students experienced growth in three main areas: Connection (their sense of ownership around community work); Mattering (their sense of belonging among change makers and others); and Purpose (their sense of direction in making social change). This study allows educators within higher education to better understand the complex processes of civic commitment development and how to holistically support college students in fostering a sense of civic identity and responsibility that leads to lifelong nurturance of their commitment to the public good.