Ce travail propose une présentation de l’icône orthodoxe à partir de la notion d’« Évangile ». En analysant la portée détenue par l’Écriture Sainte en théologie occidentale, il a été possible de présenter l’Évangile comme la Bonne Nouvelle du salut réalisé par le Christ. L’Évangile se donne aux humains dans leur existence terrestre par diverses médiations prises du monde et qui deviennent porteuses de grâce dans leur corporéité même. L’icône est décrite comme porteuse d’Évangile en analogie avec le rôle et la place accordés à l’Écriture Sainte dans différentes traditions chrétiennes. L’icône et l’Écriture sont des formes de parole et peuvent être reconnues, dans la foi, comme des formes de la Parole de Dieu. Outre le fait d’être vecteurs de grâce, d’autres traits rapprochent l’icône et l’Écriture : la corporéité, une note de relativité, l’annonce correcte seulement dans un contexte ecclésial, le témoignage de l’événement de l’Incarnation auquel elles renvoient et dont elles dépendent. / This work provides an approach to the icon starting from the notion of « Gospel ». An analysis of the importance of the Holy Scripture in the western theology allows us to present the Gospel as the Good News of the salvation accomplished by Christ for the humankind. The Gospel is conveyed to the human being in his daily life through various means. These means are mediations taken from the creation and they become grace bearers through their very corporeity. Following an analogy with the role and the importance given to the Holy Scripture throughout different Christian traditions, the icon is described as a « Gospel bearer ». The icon and the Scripture are both a form of the word and they can both be recognized, through faith, as a form of the Word of God. Besides being vectors of grace, the icon and the Scripture share other common characteristics: the corporeity, some amount of relativity, the correct proclamation in the church only, and the witness of the event of the Incarnation.

This thesis explore how the contemporary Swedish Pentecostal movement view childrens way to salvation. Is it possible to discern certain theological systems represented in the movement and has the movement’s view changed over time? The study reaches the conclusion that the view has changed and that there exists two logically opposite systems in the movement, leaving it with a theological double vision. The study explores the theological basis and the practical implications of both systems, and seek to discern what system is the prominent one. The study shows that the pelagian system stands out against the arminian system and that an ongoing theological renegotiation seems to strenghthen its position. The study also interacts briefly with two international pentecostal movements and finds the arminian theological system to dominate in that context. The result of the study raises questions whether the Swedish Pentecostal movement is aware of it’s double vision and the changes that is underway. The study ends by emphasizing the need for the Swedish Pentecostal movement to work through some main elements in its theology, in order to reach a clear view of children’s way to salvation. / Studien undersöker hur dagens svenska Pingströrelse ser på barns väg till frälsning. Vilka teologiska system finns representerade i rörelsen? Vilken teologi bygger dessa på och vilken praktik leder de till i förhållande till barnen? Studien söker också att besvara vilket teologiskt system som dominerar inom rörelsen samt om rörelsens syn på barns väg till frälsning har förändrats över tid. Studien visar att två oförenliga teologiska system, det pelagianska och det arminska, finns representerade i Pingströrelsen och att det pelagianska systemet är mest framträdande. Resultatet pekar på att den svenska Pingströrelsen har en dubbelsyn på barns väg till frälsning vilket leder till en skiftande praktik i förhållande till barnen. Studien utvidgar kort perspektivet och jämför den svenska Pingströrelsens teologi med teologin hos två internationella pingströrelser: Pentecostal World Fellowship och Assemblies of God. Studien avslutas med en uppmaning till den svenska Pingströrelsen att arbeta igenom sin teologi så att den kommer fram till en skarp syn på barns väg till frälsning och därmed till en välgrundad praktik i arbetet bland barnen.

<p><p>Den här uppsatsen handlar om religiösa friskolor i Sverige och den ska genomföras enligt en viss teori och modeller skrivna av Maria Klasson Sundin, teologisk kandidat och doktorand i religionsfilosofi vid Uppsala universitet. Uppsatsens syfte var att förbereda och framställa en plan för en djupare studie av religiösa friskolor. I uppsatsen användes flera filosofiska perspektiv på religionsfrihet, mångkulturalism och religion som ideologiskt styrmedel. Regeringsmakten och Skolverkets skrifter samt debattartiklar analyserades enligt Sundins modeller. Slutligen fördes en diskussion om en lämplig metod för att genomföra huvudstudien, detta för att få fram ämnets komplexa karaktär.</p></p>

<p>En undersökning och diskussion av motiv för att döpa barn, med fokus på Svenska kyrkan. Motiven studeras från tre olika aktörers perspektiv: 1) Traditionen, framförallt den lutherska reformatoriska traditionen, 2) Svenska kyrkans nutida lära och reflektion, samt 3) De föräldrar som valt att låta döpa sina barn. En stor spänning blir synlig i skillnaden mellan dopföräldrarnas syn på dopet och de övriga två aktörernas dopsyn. Men även mellan traditionen och Svenska kyrkans nutida lära finns avgörande skillnader, framförallt vad gäller synen på människan och på dopets eventuella nödvändighet. Två möjliga vägar framåt diskuteras; dels vad det skulle innebära att tydligare lyfta fram berättelserna om Jesu dop som modell för det kristna dopet, dels hur liturgin i gudstjänsten kan ses som ett kommunikativt växelspel.</p>

En undersökning och diskussion av motiv för att döpa barn, med fokus på Svenska kyrkan. Motiven studeras från tre olika aktörers perspektiv: 1) Traditionen, framförallt den lutherska reformatoriska traditionen, 2) Svenska kyrkans nutida lära och reflektion, samt 3) De föräldrar som valt att låta döpa sina barn. En stor spänning blir synlig i skillnaden mellan dopföräldrarnas syn på dopet och de övriga två aktörernas dopsyn. Men även mellan traditionen och Svenska kyrkans nutida lära finns avgörande skillnader, framförallt vad gäller synen på människan och på dopets eventuella nödvändighet. Två möjliga vägar framåt diskuteras; dels vad det skulle innebära att tydligare lyfta fram berättelserna om Jesu dop som modell för det kristna dopet, dels hur liturgin i gudstjänsten kan ses som ett kommunikativt växelspel.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om religiösa friskolor i Sverige och den ska genomföras enligt en viss teori och modeller skrivna av Maria Klasson Sundin, teologisk kandidat och doktorand i religionsfilosofi vid Uppsala universitet. Uppsatsens syfte var att förbereda och framställa en plan för en djupare studie av religiösa friskolor. I uppsatsen användes flera filosofiska perspektiv på religionsfrihet, mångkulturalism och religion som ideologiskt styrmedel. Regeringsmakten och Skolverkets skrifter samt debattartiklar analyserades enligt Sundins modeller. Slutligen fördes en diskussion om en lämplig metod för att genomföra huvudstudien, detta för att få fram ämnets komplexa karaktär.

This thesis takes as its point of departure the question "is there a connection between ordinary Swedish Christianity and the extreme forms of various examples?". As a way of concidering possible connections, a "normal" spiritual context in the Swedish setting is studied: the Christian magazine "Pilgrim. A magazine for spiritual guidance". The book presents an investigation of the magazine and its notion of spirituality over a period of twelve years (1994-2006). Questions that guide the investigation are: Which are the fundamental notions of spirituality in the magazine? How can someone be spiritual due to the magazine? Which are the bodily norms which are assumed when it comes to gender, sexuality, ethnicity and class? Which connections between the normal and the extreme in contemporary Swedish spirituality can an investigation of Pilgrim as an example of "ordinary" spirituality reveal? The work is carried out as a discursive reading of Pilgrim with the help of Michel Foucault and his notion of "discourse". Furthermore some of the insights from the feminist discussion on so called "intersectionality" are used to widen the methodological scope. More specifically, the magazine is approached as a single textual surface. After qualification of the rules of the discourse, they are applied to identify the discursive formation of Pilgrim. By analyzing the strategies which constitute spiritual guidance, the forms of spirituality (subject positions) that the magazine constructs are revealed. The way that social categories - gender, sexuality, ethinicity, class - are characterized in the magazine reinforce heteronormativity, orientalism and a class-structure. Through the magazine social categories function together with other vital categories in a way that the outcome is one and only construction of the ordinary subject: i.e. the western rich man as a spiritual subject. In conclusion this study suggest that ideas about spiritual growth that flourish in an ordinary Christian cultural and intellectual environment (exemplified by the magazine Pilgrim), like ideas of resistance against the postmodern world and society's superficiality, might have a structure that can be found also in more extreme Christian contexts, and, more importantly, as a part of the problematic of these extreme examples. The extreme resides in the ordinary, and the ordinary resides in the extreme. There seems to be an order of notions, of subjects and of bodies: the Order of Spirituality.

A presente dissertação busca uma interface entre a teologia pentecostal e a Teologia Sistemática de Paul Tillich tendo como eixo uma leitura sobre o Espírito Santo. Esta leitura é delimitada a partir da compreensão sobre o Espírito Santo no contexto da formação teológica da Assembléia de Deus (AD) no Brasil e na Teologia Sistemática de Paul Tillich. Reconhecese que a AD é a maior expressão numérica do pentecostalismo no Brasil e que o tema Espírito Santo é parte integrante de seu discurso enquanto denominação pentecostal. Assim, busca-se nesta pesquisa identificar o conceito de Espírito na história e teologia da AD brasileira. A partir desta identificação propõem-se uma interface com o sistema teológico de Tillich sobre o Espírito Santo. Paul Tillich, em sua Teologia Sistemática, dedica mais de um terço de sua construção teológica a questões ligadas à temática Espírito. A interface entre a teologia pentecostal e Tillich abre assim caminho para o diálogo e a construção de uma "hermenêutica do Espírito". Esta pesquisa apresenta seu conteúdo teórico em três capítulos: 1)"Todos ficaram cheios do Espírito Santo [...]: o Espírito na vida e teologia de Paul Tillich; uma leitura da biografia e teologia de Paul Tillich tendo o Espírito como eixo semântico. Nesta leitura há destaque para o sentido de dimensão do Espírito e êxtase como impacto da Presença Espiritual. 2) "[...] e começaram a falar em outras línguas [...]": Assembléia de Deus no Brasil e a doutrina do Espírito Santo; a construção da teologia do Espírito Santo na história da AD no Brasil com ênfase para o sentido de Batismo no Espírito Santo. 3) "[...] conforme o Espírito Santo lhes concedia": construindo uma interface entre a teologia pentecostal e a Teologia Sistemática de Paul Tillich a partir do tema Espírito Santo; a partir de uma leitura sinótica de Atos 2 propõe-se a interface entre as duas teologias com destaque para o sentido de batismo/êxtase no Espírito Santo. / The present essay tries to find an interface between the Pentecostal theology and the Systematic Theology of Paul Tillich having as its axis a reading of the Holy Spirit. This reading is delimited from the Holy Spirit comprehension in the theological formation of the Assembly of God (AG) in Brazil and in the Systematic Theology of Paul Tillich. It is recognized that the AG is the most numerical Pentecostal expression in Brazil and that the Holy Spirit theme is an integrated part of its speech as a Pentecostal denomination. Therefore, this research tries to identify the concept of Spirit in the history and theology of the Brazilian AG. From this identification an interface with the theological system of Tillich about the Holy Spirit is proposed, in its Systematic theology, dedicates more than one third of its construction to questions linked to the Spirit thematic. The interface between the Pentecostal theology and Tillich then opens the way to a dialogue and the construction of a "Spirit hermeutics". This research shows its theoretical content in three chapters: 1) "All are full of the Holy Spirit []: the Spirit in the life and theology of Paul Tillich; a reading of the biography and theology of Paul Tillich having the Holy Spirit as its semantic axis. In this reading there is a prominence of the sense of dimension of the Spirit and ecstasies as an impact of the Spiritual Presence. 2) "[] and they start to speak in other languages []": The God's Assembly in Brazil and the Holy Spirit doctrine; the construction of the Holy Spirit theology in the GA in Brazil with emphasis towards the sense in the Holy Spirit Baptism. 3) "[] as the Holy Spirit would concede thee": building an interface between the Pentecostal theology and the Systematic Theology of Paul Tillich from the Holy Spirit theme; from a synoptic reading of Acts 2, an interface between the two theologies is proposed with an outstanding for the baptism/ecstasies sense in the Holy Spirit.

A presente dissertação apresenta alguns temas da teologia pentecostal em interface com o conceito de teologia pública, buscando refletir sobre as possíveis consequências, no espaço público, de um discurso fundamentado no pentecostalismo. O primeiro capítulo apresenta a teologia mais popular das Assembleias de Deus, manifesta nas revistas de escola bíblica dominical publicadas pela editora da denominação, a CPAD. Nela se constata que houve um progressivo interesse da denominação em relação às questões sociais/políticas, ampliando-se gradativamente, ainda que não maciçamente, o espaço dedicado a essa temática, havendo um aprimoramento constante da fundamentação teológica. O segundo capítulo explica de forma resumida alguns temas relevantes da teologia pentecostal assembleiana, os quais seriam relevantes e enriquecedores para a fundamentação da relação entre crente/igreja e sociedade desde o ponto de vista desta corrente teológica. Os temas são os seguintes: o poder do Espírito (poder de Deus) e os milagres; a eclesiologia; a santificação e a ética pentecostal, com sua ênfase na separação do mundo; a escatologia e sua crença no retorno iminente de Cristo; e a noção de guerra espiritual e toda a cosmologia pentecostal (a crença em anjos, demônios e sua influência sobre indivíduos, sociedade e realidade em geral). O terceiro capítulo pergunta pelas consequências públicas que se podem extrair destes pontos específicos da teologia pentecostal. Discorre, num primeiro momento, sobre como os mesmos não deveriam ser interpretados, na medida em que poderiam levar a condutas inadequadas para um cristão no espaço público, ao menos inadequadas do ponto de vista de uma teologia pública. Num segundo momento, aponta algumas leituras que parecem mais adequadas para os temas teológicos pentecostais, extraindo então consequências desejáveis e em consonância com o que alguns teólogos públicos propõem, facilitando o diálogo com a sociedade e uma participação mais efetiva no espaço público, em busca do bem comum, por parte do crente pentecostal e das próprias Assembleias de Deus enquanto instituição. Propõe, em resumo, as seguintes interpretações: poder de Deus que implique em serviço comunitário humilde para toda sociedade; uma igreja peregrina, mas consciente e atuante; uma ardente expectativa pela consumação do Reino de Deus que motive a transformação social; uma santificação que se expanda pelo social, no combate às injustiças; e uma postura humilde e sábia quanto aos fenômenos espirituais que possam influenciar as pessoas e a sociedade.

The objective of this research is to examine the theological ideas and moral vision of Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and to explore how his theology (and theological hermeneutics and ethics) has influenced his politics of solidarity and social activism on behalf of the oppressed and the poor in Haiti in particular, and the wretched of the earth, in general. Through the use of the postcolonial, decolonial, and Liberation Theology paradigms as hermeneutical and theoretical methods of investigation, the project seeks to answer a threefold question: what is the relationship between theology and social activism and transformation in the thought and writings of Jean-Bertrand Aristide? What is the place and function of the community of faith, the poor, the oppressed, hope, and human liberation in the political theology of Jean-Bertrand Aristide? What is the place of (defensive) violence in Aristide’s theology? Our goal in this scholarly investigation is an attempt to provide an answer to these daunting questions above and to explore more fully and intelligently the theology of Jean-Bertrand Aristide. This present study considers Aristide’s democratic and social justice projects and theological reflections and theological intersections in the disciplines of theological anthropology, theological ethics, and political theology, as he himself engages all four simultaneously. The doctoral thesis locates Aristide’s thought and writings within Black intellectual tradition both in continental Africa and the African Diaspora. It establishes shared intellectual ideas and parallelisms, and strong ideological connections between Aristide and Black theologians and thinkers in both continental Africa and the African Diaspora. On one hand, Aristide’s intellectual ideas and political activism should be understood in the context of the struggle for democracy in Haiti; on the other hand, it is suggested the intellectual articulations and propositions of these Black and African thinkers aim at a common vision: the project to make our world new toward the common good. While we do not undermine the problem of violence in Aristide’s theology and political program in the context of Haitian history, the doctoral thesis argues that Aristide’s theological anthropology is a theology of reciprocity and mutuality, and correspondingly, his theological ethics is grounded in the theory of radical interactionality, interconnectedness, and interdependence, and the South African humanism of Ubuntu. It also contends that Aristide’s promotion of a theology of popular violence and aggression in the Haitian society should be understood as a cathartic mechanism and defensive violence aimed at defending the Haitian masses against the Duvalier regime and their oppressors. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / PhD / Unrestricted