溝通式教學法在英語教學界蔚為主流已有數十年之久。過去的研究亦指出此教學法的實施成效與該實施國家一貫的學習文化具有相當程度的關係。本研究旨在瞭解曾至海外留學的英語教師，因其受到溝通式教學法的影響可能多於在國內進修的教師，他們的信念是否比在國內進修的教師更清楚地顯現在教室行為中。 本研究採用質性研究方法，選擇了三位曾至英美等國取得碩士學位的教師，以及三位在國內進修取得碩士學位的教師。二組教師中各有一位任教於高中一、二、三年級。資料收集主要來源為問卷、訪談及課室觀察。資料分析後比較（1）曾至國外進修教師之信念及教學行為；（2）國內進修教師之信念及教學行為；（3）兩類教師之相同處；（4）兩類教師之相異處。 本研究主要的發現有：所有教師，包括國外及國內進修者，對溝通式教學法都傾向認同，但在課室中卻不是經常用到此教學法，反而是融合傳統的及溝通式教學法的折衷現象較為普遍。至於在教學時，限制溝通式教學法的使用，主要因教學環境因素所致，例如來自考試的壓力、有限的教學時數、及班級人數。另外，海外留學經驗並未對教師信念有所影響。 本研究根據以上四個議題討論結果，在文末進一步提供建議，作為教育學者們參考。 / Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has dominated the field of language teaching for decades. Previous research also indicated that the effectiveness of CLT has a lot to do with the culture of learning in the country where CLT is implemented. The aim of the present study is to explore whether foreign-trained English teachers, who are presumably under more influence of CLT than locally-trained teachers, have manifested their beliefs and practices more explicitly in the classroom instruction. This study adopted a qualitative research method. The participants are 3 US/UK-trained English teachers and 3 locally-trained English teachers, who teach in a senior high school in northern Taiwan. In this study, the instruments for collecting data included questionnaire, classroom observations and follow-up interviews. The data were analyzed to answer the following research questions: (1) US/UK-trained English teachers’ beliefs and practices in CLT, (2) locally-trained English teachers’ beliefs and practices in CLT, (3) the similarities in teachers’ beliefs and teaching practices between US/UK-trained and locally-trained English teachers and (4) the differences in teachers’ beliefs and teaching practices between US/UK-trained and locally-trained English teachers. The major findings are all participants, including both foreign-trained and locally-trained teachers, claimed to hold positive attitude toward CLT. However, CLT was not used frequently in class. It was an eclecticism that was mostly adopted, instead. As for the major constraints from applying CLT, all participants agreed the contextual factors, such as pressure of exams, limited teaching hours, class size, mattered a lot. In addition, the overseas educational experience made no difference to teachers’ beliefs. Finally, pedagogical implications and suggestions are presented at the end of the paper.

本研究旨在探討高中英文教師對於英文作文教學的信念與其實際教學情形。文獻回顧內容涵蓋英文作文教學理論以及教師信念與實踐。 本研究的對象為台北市的高中英文教師，研究方法採用量化的教師問卷輔以質化的教師訪談，問卷回收171份，採用兩種統計方法分析：描述性統計及單因子變異數分析；訪談人數為6人，訪談結果用來支持、解釋問卷結果。研究重點如下：(一)教師信念及教學情形：包含教學目標、教師角色、教學內容及教學方式、（二）教師信念與實踐的符合度與造成不相符合的原因以及（三）影響教師信念與實踐的因素。 本研究的主要發現如下： 1. 大考會左右老師的教學方向，但老師教學時目標不只侷限於此。 2. 老師的教學信念與實踐皆綜合成果導向與過程導向的教學法原則，而非單一教學法。 3. 教師教學上面臨課程、學生、教學準備及批閱作文等方面的困難，這些困難會阻礙老師遵循其信念教學。 4. 教師背景經驗確實會對其信念與實踐有所影響。 本研究有助於認識高中英文教師教寫作的信念與教學情形。研究者根據研究發現，分別對高中英文教師、教師培育機構、教育部及作文教學教材編寫者提出建議，以期讓高中英文作文教學更進一步。 / The purpose of this study was to explore what beliefs senior high school English teachers hold toward writing instruction and their practices of the beliefs. Literature review covered the approaches of ESL/EFL writing instruction and teachers’ beliefs and practices. The participants of this study were senior high school English teachers in Taipei city. Two data collection instruments were adopted, the quantitative questionnaire and the qualitative interview. In total, 171 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. In addition, six interviews were conducted, whose results were utilized to further support and explain the questionnaire results. There were three research focuses. The first one was on teachers’ beliefs and practices in the goals of writing instruction, the roles they played, and the content as well as the teaching procedures of writing instruction. The second one was on the consistency between teachers’ beliefs and practices and possible reasons for the inconsistency. The third one was on influential factors on teachers’ beliefs and practices. Based on the results of this study, major findings are summarized. First, for the teachers in this study, entrance exams were approaching, so the test-oriented trend seemed to be inevitable. However, teachers believed that to familiarize students with English writing structure and to enable them to express in written English could also be possible goals, and they did teach accordingly. Second, the goals, roles teachers played, content, and teaching procedures reflected a mixture of product-oriented and process-oriented approaches. Third, the difficulties originating from curriculum, students, teaching preparation, and composition evaluation might hinder teachers’ practices of their beliefs. Finally, teachers’ background experiences were found to play a part in influencing teachers’ beliefs and practices. It is hoped that this study can contribute to more understanding of senior high school English teachers’ beliefs and practices in writing instruction. With the results of this study in mind, the researcher further made suggestions toward senior high school English teachers, teacher education institutes, the Ministry of Education, and writing instruction material designers. This might help refine senior high school English writing instruction.

本個案研究旨在深入研究一位國中英文教師在文法教學信念與實際教學之間的差異之處。本研究以Green (1971) 所提出的core belief和peripheral belief為基本架構，採用質性之資料收集及分析方式，以期對教師的教學信念、教學行為及兩者之間的不一致做出較詳盡的描繪及討論。參與本研究的教師為一位新北市公立國中的資深英文教師，對文法教學及英語教育有自己的一套理解及看法，備受同校老師的尊重。資料收集方式以課堂錄音觀察、半結構式訪談為主，教師的教學資料、自編的段考考卷、校內英文老師的領域會議紀錄為輔。 研究結果顯示，此教師的文法教學信念和行為的確有些許落差，主要反映在課外英語學習資源的使用、文法教學所佔的比重、以及文法術語的使用頻率上。造成此落差的原因主要是教師的core beliefs和peripheral beliefs內容的不一致，導致在教學現場上大部分的時間都用來完成core beliefs，因此peripheral beliefs的實施時間便受到壓縮了。此外研究者還發現，這位老師的core beliefs主要以較傳統、較常見的知識傳輸模式為主，而peripheral beliefs則是和英語教學理念較有直接相關，這部分呼應了Phipps and Borg (2009)所提出的假設，且此一現象是在教師信念的文獻中較少被提到的。根據這些發現，本研究提出對教師文法教學信念及實踐之差異的看法及未來研究的建議，以期對台灣的英語文法教學能有更多建設性的研究貢獻。 / The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the tensions between an English teacher’s grammar teaching beliefs and practices. The participant was an experienced junior high school English teacher who had her own principles in grammar teaching and English education. Green’s (1971) distinction of core beliefs and peripheral beliefs was adopted as the framework to analyze the participant’s grammar teaching beliefs. Data were collected from multiple sources such as semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, stimulated recall interviews, and documents such as the teacher’s teaching notes and test paper. By using initial coding and second level coding, these data were carefully examined to obtain the most salient themes of the participant’s grammar teaching tensions. The findings revealed three most significant tensions between the participant’s grammar teaching beliefs and practices: tension on the use of extracurricular teaching resources, on the proportion of grammar instruction, and on the use of grammatical terminology. The participant’s tensions were mainly due to the inharmonious relationship between core beliefs and peripheral beliefs. The former were more related to teaching philosophy in general, and the latter were more related to English teaching itself. In other words, the tensions between participant’s beliefs and practices were actually the gaps between knowledge transmission perspective and ideal English teaching principles. Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions and pedagogical implications were raised for future research as well as English education field in Taiwan.

為了解臺北市國中導師管教信念、工作壓力與採用之管教方式的關係並探討相關影響因素，乃以臺北市國中導師191人為研究對象，再採用教師管教信念量表、教師工作壓力量表、教師管教方式量表等研究工具，獲取所需資料，再以描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Pearson相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，結果發現： 一、臺北市國中導師之管教信念傾向人本主義取向。 二、臺北市國中導師之工作壓力為中等偏低。 三、臺北市國中導師採用之管教方式傾向較多「反應」、較少「要求」之管教方式。 四、不同性別、不同年齡的國中教師，其採用之管教方式有顯著差異。 五、不同婚姻狀況、不同學歷背景的國中教師，其採用之管教方式無顯著差異存在。 六、不同人口變項之國中教師，其管教信念及工作壓力均無顯著差異存在。 七、國中導師管教信念與採用管教方式間有顯著的相關存在。 八、國中導師工作壓力與採用之管教方式間，無顯著關係存在。 九、管教信念與導師年齡，能有效預測導師會採用的管教方式。 本研究根據上述研究結果加以討論，並提出數點建議，以供後續相關實務工作及研究的參考。

情緒智力與創造力在教育界中受到極大的重視，尤其在大學教育裡兩者已成為不可忽視的課題。本研究主要的目的在探討大學生之信念與情緒智力、創造力之關係。其中以「內隱理論」來探討大學生對於兩者能力的信念，亦即對情緒智力與創造力持「固定信念」抑或「增長信念」。因此主要的探討是對能力持不同信念的大學生，是否會影響個體之能力以及參與情緒智力或創造力課程的意願。除了信念之外，本研究還要探討大學生性別與年級對兩種能力與參與課程意願的關係。另外，情緒智力與創造力的關係也是本研究要探討的一個重點。 本研究以台灣地區公私立大專院校之大學生為受試對象，以便利取樣的方式抽取1200位大學生，其中男性大學生432位，女性大學生768位；而大一學生423位，大二學生157位，大三學生328位，大四學生211位，大五含以上學生81位。研究工具包含六個部份：「情緒智力信念量表」、「創造力信念量表」、「參與情緒智力課程意願量表」、「參與創造力課程意願量表」、「創新行為量表」與「大學生情緒智力量表」，其中「情緒智力信念量表」與「創造力信念量表」分別包含「固定信念」與「增長信念」分量表，而「大學生情緒智力量表」包含六個分量表來測量四個構念—情緒界定、情緒使用、情緒了解與情緒管理。 研究結果發現： 一、在大學生信念、能力與參與課程意願現況方面： （一）就大學生情緒智力信念、情緒智力與參與其課程意願現況而言： 1.大學生對於情緒智力的信念持增長信念的人顯著高於固定信念。 2.七成以上的大學生情緒智力達到中等以上的程度。 3.58.9％的大學生有意願參與情緒智力相關課程。 （二）大學生創造力信念、創造力與參與創造力課程義意願現況： 1.大學生對於創造力的信念持增長信念的人顯著高於固定信念。 2.目前大學生認為自己多少算是一個有創新行為的人。 3.68％的大學生有意願參與創造力相關課程。 二、在大學生人口變項與能力、參與情緒智力課程意願上之差異方面： （一）大學生人口變項與情緒智力、參與情緒智力課程意願上之差異： 1.不同年級的大學生在情緒智力信念上無顯著的差異。 2.情緒界定、情緒了解與整體情緒智力上以大三程度最低。而情緒了解高年級學生優於低年級。 3.大四、大五學生較有意願參與情緒智力課程。 4.男女大學生在情緒智力信念上無顯著的差異。 5.女性大學生在情緒智力分構念與整體能力上優於男性大學生。 6.女性大學生參與情緒智力課程意願高於男性大學生。 7.「資電、工」學院與「商管」學院的學生較其他學院學生認為情緒智力是一種固定無法改變的能力。 8.不同學院在情緒智力增長信念上無顯著差異存在。 9.整體情緒智力上，「藝術、傳播」學院得分最高，「資電、工」學院得分最低。 10.不同學院別的大學生在參與情緒智力課程意願上無顯著的差異。 （二)大學生人口變項與創造力信念、參與創造力課程意願上之差異： 1.不同年級的大學生在創造力信念上無顯著的差異。 2.不同年級的大學生在創新行為上無顯著的差異。 3.大四、大五學生較其他年級的學生更有意願參加創造力課程。 4.男女大學生在創造力信念上並無顯著的差異。 5.男性大學生比女性大學生自評有較多的創新行為。 6.女性大學生參與創造力課程意願高於男性大學生。 7.「理學院」的學生較認為創造力是一種固定無法改變的能力。 8.「藝術、傳播學院」的學生較認為情緒智力是一種可以改變的能力。 9.不同學院別的大學生在創新行為量表得分上無顯著的差異。 10.「藝術與傳播」學院的學生參與創造力課程意願是較其他學院來的高。 三、在信念、能力與意願的關係方面： （一）在情緒智力信念與創造力信念的關係上： 1.情緒智力固定信念與情緒智力增長信念有顯著的負相關；而創造力亦同。 2.情緒智力固定信念與創造力固定信念有顯著的正相關；而情緒智力的增長信念與創造力增長信念有顯著的正相關。 （二）大學生情緒智力信念與情緒智力、參與情緒智力課程意願之關係上，信念與情緒智力、參與情緒智力課程意願皆有顯著的相關，唯相關係數甚低。 （三)大學生創造力信念與創造力、參與創造力課程意願之相關上，信念與創造力、參與創造力課程意願皆有顯著的相關，唯相關係數甚低。 （四）創新行為與整體情緒智力無顯著相關。 （五）參與情緒智力課程意願與參與創造力課程意願上有顯著的正相關。 最後，本研究根據研究結果加以討論並對教育、諮商輔導與未來研究提出建議以供參考。

本研究旨在了解職前華語文教師學習外語的歷程、語言學習信念與教學信念，屬質性個案研究。對象為華語文教學研究所四位台籍研究生，聚焦於外語學習歷程、外語學習信念、外語教學信念三大主軸，以深度訪談作為資料收集方法。訪談內容及範圍主要參考了Horwitz（1985）語言學習信念研究的BALLI 模式以及Johnson（1992）與張碧玲（2000）設計的語言教師教學信念問卷。研究發現包括：（一）不同時期的外語學習經歷對個案職前教師的學習及教學信念起了「學徒式的觀察」、信念的轉變及「濾鏡」等作用。（二）透過對個案的學習及教學信念探討，可以看到信念具有多層次的特質。而其中較整體面向的信念與較個別層次的信念，呈現了相互支持、矛盾等關係。（三）教學信念隨著背後所隱藏的動機不同，不能以因果關係作解釋。（四）個案教師基於不同的學習經歷、學習信念及教學信念，在教學上建構了與社會文化情境相關，同時也具有個人意義的教學理論。最後建議華語文師資教育應提供機會讓職前教師了解自我語言學習及教學信念，以及更多教學實務的機會，以讓他們在教學行動中反思，也在反思中進行教學。華語文教師本身亦可以利用自我的外語學習經驗作為反思的工具，時時保持成長的動機與內省的能力。此外，華語文教師也應對教學現場及環境文化等因素有所知覺，這樣才能促進有效的教學。 / This qualitative case study aims to understand the TCSL ( Teaching Chinese as a Second language ) pre-service teachers’ foreign language learning experience, language learning beliefs, and teaching beliefs. The participants are four Taiwanese postgraduate students from the department of TCSL in a university in northern Taiwan. The study focus on three aspects: foreign language learning experience, language learning beliefs, and teaching beliefs. In-depth interviews are conducted as the data collection method, informed by Horwitz’s (1985) BALLI model as well as Johnson (1992) and Zhang (2000). The findings include that (1) the four pre-service TCSL teachers’ foreign language learning experiences, serving as a filter, afford “apprenticeship of observation” which leads to changes in beliefs, and (2)beliefs are multilayered, involving both supportive and contradictory relationships. (3) Teaching beliefs are not necessarily consistent with each other because of different intentions lying behind. It is difficult to regard them as having a simple cause-and-effect relation. (4) Based on different learning experiences, learning and teaching beliefs, the four pre-service teachers construct their own personal theories toward teaching, which are not only socially relevant but also personally meaningful. Finally, the study suggests that language teacher education needs to provide sufficient opportunities for pre-service teachers to understand their own learning and teaching beliefs. It is also necessary to provide opportunities to engage them in authentic teaching contexts so that they could reflect on their teaching beliefs in real-world pratice. TCSL teachers need to be encouraged to use their own learning experiences as a reflective tool to sustain their passions for teaching.

本研究主要目的在於探討現代性人格、事業策略、內外控信念等因素對於個人事業進 展的影響。研究受試的對象為私人機構辦公室員工，其中男性 170人、女性98人，合 計 268名，受試者接受「事業策略問卷」、「個人現代性量表」、「現代性格及行為 量表」、「上司現代性態度量表」等測驗。將所得資料以因素分析、信度考驗、相關 檢驗等統計方法分析。發現事業策略和個人升遷速度有顯著正相關。而現代性在調薪 速度、職位升遷速度上有顯著負相關，但與教育程度有正相關。因素分析結果則顯示 ，現代性因素和事業策略因素類型，和以往研究和理論所預測的結果不同，顯示現代 性和事業策略二者皆不是一個二分性的概念，對此現象在論文中第二章文獻探討和第 五章結論與解釋部份有所討論。

為瞭解幼兒期學習才藝與國小學業成就相關因素的關係，乃以國小二年級學童及其家長為研究對象，共蒐集到712份有效樣本，採用基本資料表、幼兒期才藝學習調查表、父母教育期望量表以及父母教養信念量表等研究工具，獲得所需資料，再以描述統計、卡方檢定、區別分析、T檢定、單因子變異數分析、Scheffe’事後考驗、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。結果發現： 　　1.國小低年級學童在幼兒期有學習才藝的比例高達87.6％。以學習類才　　　藝學習最多（69.7％），學習藝術類才藝居次（61.1％），而以學習　　　運動類最少（48.3％）。 2.背景變項與國小低年級學童在幼兒期學習才藝的關係：(1) 父母教育　　　程度不同，幼兒期有無學習才藝有顯著差異，學習才藝類別也有顯著差　　　異。(2)父母職業不同、母親有無工作，幼兒期學習才藝類別有顯著差　　　異。(3)每月家庭總所得不同，幼兒期有無學習才藝有顯著差異，學習　　　才藝類別也有顯著差異。(4)家庭結構不同，幼兒期有無學習才藝有顯　　　著差異。(6)性別不同的兒童，其幼兒期學習才藝類別有顯著差異。 　　3.父母教育期望，以學習才藝類別量區分有顯著差異。 　　4.父母教養信念，以學習才藝類別量區分有顯著差異。 　　5.國小低年級學童在幼兒期有無學習才藝，其學業成就確實有顯著差異存　　　在；學習才藝類別不同，其學業成就也有顯著差異存在。 　　6.背景變項、父母教育期望以及幼兒期有無學習才藝，確實能有效預測國　　　小低年級學童學業成就。背景變項、父母教育期望以及幼兒期學習才藝　　　類別，能有效預測幼兒期有學習才藝的國小低年級學童的學業成就。 本研究根據上述研究結果加以討論，並對家庭教育、學前教育、社會教育、未來研究等方面提出建議。 關鍵字：幼兒、才藝、父母教育期望、父母教養信念、學業成就

雖然聽力在語言學習中佔重要的地位，研究學者對學習者的聽力信念的了解仍十分有限。因此本研究主要是探討五專學生對英語聽力的信念和學習策略，並探討聽力信念和學習策略二者之間的關係，另外程度不同的學生是否抱持不同的聽力信念及使用不同的策略，也是本研究探討的重點。 本研究採用量性研究方法，研究對象為北部某五專406位五專學生。研究工具為英語聽力學習者背景問卷、英語聽力學習信念問卷、聽力學習策略問卷和英語聽力測驗。 本研究的主要發現如下：學生均肯定聽力在語言學習過程扮演的角色，它可以幫助學生學習其它的英文能力。學生使用聽力學習策略約為中等程度，在不同的策略類型當中，學生最常使用認知策略，其次為後設認知策略。聽力信念和學習策略二者之間關係密切。而程度較好的學生在聽力信念方面，有較高的聽力學習效能，並認同口語的特色可以幫助了解英文。在學習策略方面，程度較好的學生會使用較多的學習策略，並視任務的不同而彈性使用適當的策略。 本論文並提出英聽教學上之應用建議。本研究結果可以幫助教師了解學生的聽力信念及學習困擾，幫助老師教導學生正確的學習信念及有效的學習策略，讓學生的英語聽力學習更有成效，進而改善英語聽力。 / Despite the importance of studying listening in foreign language learning, we still have very limited understanding of learners’ listening beliefs, and a more comprehensive system of listening beliefs is still not in sight. Hence, this study investigated junior college students’ listening beliefs, their listening strategy use, the relationship between their listening beliefs and strategies and the possible effects of English listening proficiency on junior college students’ listening beliefs and listening strategy use. This study mainly employed a quantitative approach to understanding junior college students’ beliefs about English listening comprehension, their strategy use and the relationship between listening beliefs and strategies. The participants were 406 students from one junior college in northern Taiwan. The instruments of the study were the Learner Profile Questionnaire (LPQ), the Belief About English Listening Comprehension Questionnaire (BELCQ), and English Listening Strategy Questionnaire (ELSQ) and the listening comprehension test. The results of the study suggested that: (1) most learners endorsed the belief that listening plays an important role in their English learning process and may facilitate the development of other language skills, (2) learners showed a medium level use of listening strategies and used a wide variety of strategies including cognitive and metacognitive strategies, (3) learners’ listening beliefs were associated with their use of listening strategies, (4) compared with ineffective learners, effective learners tended to report positive beliefs about listening comprehension, and (5) effective learners used a wider variety of strategies than ineffective listeners. Results of this study regarding junior college students’ listening beliefs and listening strategy use may provide rich implications for English education in Taiwan. It is hoped that through this study, more attention will be drawn to listening instruction in junior college students. Understanding students’ beliefs about listening may help English teachers become more aware of students’ frustrations and difficulties in listening to English. Moreover, it might enable EFL teachers to help students develop effective learning strategies and ultimately improve students’ English listening abilities.

本研究旨在探討在台灣升學導向高中任教之外籍教師在面對不同議題時之信念是否受到大學聯考的影響，以及其教學信念及實踐是否一致。 為了能夠深入了解外籍教師的教學信念，本研究採用質性研究法來進行資料採集及分析，所使用的資料採集工具為訪談、課室觀察及文件分析。除了訪談一名擁有三年私立升學導向高中教學經驗的女性教師，研究者更進一步訪談該校外語中心主任以期能了解該校對其外籍老師的要求及期待。研究結果呈現此外籍教師對於學習、教學、英語、大學入學考試、台灣教育以及本籍及外籍教師間之異同的信念及看法。 在本研究最後，研究者也針對研究結果提出了建議，以期能提供給教育當局、學校以及學者作為參考。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the beliefs of a native English speaking teacher (NEST) in a college-bound senior high school in Taipei City and to see if the JUEE has influence on her teaching beliefs. Instructional practices are used to compare with the NEST’s beliefs to check the consistency between them. In order to have a complete picture of NEST’s beliefs, the researcher made use of qualitative research methods in this study and selected an experienced NEST who was currently teaching in a private senior high school in Taipei City. By adopting three data collection methods: semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and document analyses, the researcher collected the data from the NEST. Furthermore, the researcher also interviewed the director of Foreign Language Center to see if the NEST’s beliefs were congruent with the school’s expectations. The data were analyzed to present the NEST’s beliefs about learning, teaching, English, the JUEE, the educational system in Taiwan and the differences between NESTs and NNESTs. Based on the results, the implications were offered for the policy makers and the institutions as well as the recommendations for the future researchers.