本研究採用文獻探討、問卷調查、深度訪談等方法，從解說志工的個人社經背景、人格特質、參與動機、工作滿足、管理制度檢討及組織承諾等進行探討，重要發現如下： 一、解說志工個人社經背景同質性高，大部分是透過現有人際關係介紹成為志工，在受訪者的基本特性方面，以女性居多，期別以第十期居大多數，年齡層以46~55歲中壯年佔的比例最高，教育程度方面以大學佔大多數，職業以退休人士最多，月平均收入以50,000~69,999元的比例最高，居住地以台北市佔大多數，婚姻狀況則是已婚居大多數，而無其他志願服務經驗及有宗教信仰者佔多數。解說志工的人格特質相對偏向外控傾向，但差異性不大。 二、參與動機多元化，隨個人屬性不同有所差異。 三、解說志工之工作滿足為中上程度，對於組織氣氛、督導有所期許；解說志工在組織承諾上，以「努力意願」最強，而在「組織認同」較弱，且隨個人屬性有所不同； 四、在參與動機、工作滿足及組織承諾程度皆是以內控者較高，顯示出志工在志願服務過程中，會以團體為核心，主動、自主、積極的態度來配合管理處解說工作。 五、參與動機與工作滿足之間有極顯著正相關，參與動機與組織承諾之間有極顯著性正相關，工作滿足與組織承諾之間有極顯著性正相關。 六、「工作特性滿足」、「社會責任動機」、「意願實現動機」、「督導滿足」、「教育程度(專科)」與「自我成長與生涯規劃滿足」等，對志工整體組織承諾有較大的預測力。

當佈局包括國家區位的選擇、進入策略的選擇與價值活動的安排時，藉由觀察多家企業價值鏈的全球佈局與協調性，本研究將探討：塑膠射出模具業，全球化佈局的「策略架構」與「佈局型態」兩大重心。實務意涵，將可提供塑膠射出模具業、其他相似利基或產業特性企業，業者在進行全球化佈局時的參考。 本研究從全球經營策略、國際化動機、資源優劣勢與策略聯盟、全球化佈局等相關文獻的探討開始，依據塑膠射出模具業的產業特性、企業的價值鏈來進行研究設計。藉由多家個案公司的訪談與次級資料整理，描述其企業全球化佈局發展的過程與型態、全球化佈局的策略思維；最後，再經過跨個案公司的比較與分析後，本研究有下列的發現： （一）塑膠射出模具業『全球化佈局的策略架構』 欲進入國際目標市場，企業應充分檢視「國際化動機」（主動面及被動面的因素）以及「資源優劣勢」（無形資源、實體資源及策略聯盟運用等因素），來決定其「全球化佈局」（國家區位的選擇、進入策略的選擇與價值活動的安排）。 （二）塑膠射出模具業『全球化佈局的型態』 企業進行全球化佈局，「國家區位」的選擇：包括主要區域（台灣、中國、美國），次要區域（日本、德國、英國、法國）以及其他區域。「進入策略」的選擇：包括內部活動，子公司，辦事處（含業務代表），投資型（合資、合併收購），策略聯盟（整合、聯盟、共同行銷、經銷貿易商）以及出口型等。「價值活動」的安排：包括行銷，專案管理，設計研發，原物料進貨，生產製造，策略性外包，試模成形，量測驗收，銷售，售後服務，塑膠射出以及噴塗組立等。 全球化佈局的競爭策略型態，可概括歸類為：高外國投資策略（企業價值活動的佈局是「地域分散」，然而價值活動的協調性「高」），簡單全球策略（企業價值活動的佈局「儘可能集中」於同一個國家來服務全世界，然而價值活動的協調性「高」）以及外銷策略（企業價值活動的佈局是「地域集中」，直接執行廣泛行銷）三種。 （三）塑膠射出模具業者『全球佈局的實務意涵』 業者全球經營之目的是為了「掌握新市場」時，則應將企業的下游價值活動（行銷、銷售與客戶服務等），以最適切的進入策略（銷售子公司、辦事處、投資、策略聯盟或出口等），建立在除了售價亦重視模具品質、交期與服務之北美（諸如美國）、歐洲（諸如德國）與東亞（諸如日本）等目標市場。 業者全球經營之目的是為了「獲取資源或低成本」時，則應將企業的上游價值活動（設計研發、原物料進貨、生產製造、策略性外包、試模成形及量測驗收等），以最適切的進入策略（子公司或投資等），建立在與台灣同文同種的中國大陸；未來，更可進而獲致地主國內需的新市場。 / Country selection, entry strategy and value-added activites are all key elements regarding successful global arrangement. By observing the global arrangements of firms with regard to value chain concept, this research emphasizes on probing into the strategic structure and phases of competititors' global arrangements within Plastic Injection Molds industry. In practice, this research provides reference materials concerning global arrangement to both competitors within Plastic Injection Molds industry and others with similar niches and industrial characteristics. At first, this research arranges related lectures regarding global strategy, motivations for globalization, strength and weakness of competence, strategic alliance. With the above basement, the article considers the characteristics of Plastic Injection Molds industry, and then determines the whole structure further. By reviewing the interviews of case companies and arranging secondary information, the research concretely describes the process and phases with regard to global arrangement, and the specific strategic structure when it comes to Plastic Injection Molds industry. After cross-comparing case companies, this article concludes the following finding: 1. The adopting strategic structure within Plastic Injection Molds industry when global arrangement is considered When companies attempt to enter their targeted international market, they ought to fully examine their motivations for globalization (both actively and passively), and strength&weakness of competence (factors such as strategy alliance, intangible and tangible resources) so as to determine their global arrangement. 2. The revealing phases whitn Plastic Injection Molds industry when global arrangement is considered When companies start their global arrangement, country selection includes the main area (Taiwan, China, and USA), secondary area (Japan, Germany, England and French) and other area; entry strategy selection includes internal activities, sub-companies, agencies (representative included), investing forms (such as joint venture, merge and acquisition), strategic alliance (integration, alliance, cross marketing, and consignee&trader) and exporting forms. Arrangement for value-added activities include marketing, project management, Research & Development, raw material procurement, production, mold outsourcing, molding, check and accept, sales, after service, injection molding, painting, and assembly. The revealing phases regarding global arrangement could be generally categorized into three types: High-Proportion Foreign Investment Strategy (value added activites seem to be both regional dispersed and well coordinated), Simple Global Strategy (value added activites are gathered within one country to serve the whole world's needs, also well coordinated), and Exporting Strategy (value added activities are gathered and Marketing & Sales are enforced extensively). 3. The practical meaning within Plastic Injection Molds industry when global arrangement is considered When the purpose of companies is to grasp new markets, they should adopt the most suitable entry strategy (such as sub company, agency, investment, strategic alliance, export) to build their downstream value-added activites (such as marketing, sales, and customer service) directly in the target market (such as USA in North America, Germany in Eurpoe, and Japan in East Asia) which takes account of price, quality, delivery, and service. When the purpose of companies is to gain resources or adopt low-cost strategy, they should adopt the most suitable entry strategy (such as sub company and investment) to build their upstream (Research & Development, raw material procurement, production, mold outsourcing, molding, and check and accept) in China so as to gain potential market.

根據KPMG的研究顯示(2014)，生技製藥廠商間的合作是產業發展的趨勢，但合作的目的已經從原先的降低成本，發展到加速創新的產生。眾多國際製藥公司已經與外部夥伴進行合作，其中合作研發最能發揮合作夥伴間的效用，越緊密的合作越能使得合作網絡中多樣化的技術、能力結合，從而增強對於未被滿足醫療需求的理解。由此可見，跨國研發合作成為全球生技製藥廠商的企業策略。過去已有許多學者研究我國科技產業與國際廠商之研發合作，但甚少探究生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商間的研發合作。 本研究選定具有跨國研發合作豐富經驗的台灣生技製藥廠商為研究對象，探討其企業策略、核心能力及跨國研發動機如何影響跨國研發合作的管理。本研究從跨國研發合作影響因子以及跨國研發合作管理之內容兩個構面探討台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商進行研發合作的互動關係。研究方法採取多重個案研究法，文獻探討部分包含生技製藥產業、企業策略與核心能力、國際研發合作、合作夥伴篩選因素、知識移轉與智財管理，研究者結合研究問題與文獻回顧導出觀念性研究架構，再依研究架構為主軸進行個案訪談與資料收集，實地深入訪談我國兩家生技製藥廠商，得出以下結論： 本研究發現，台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商研進行發合作的動機一致，為降低及分散風險、分攤固定成本、技術與資源的互補與移轉、夥伴間營運策略的互補與相容性。篩選合作夥伴的主要考量也大致相同，包含資源及技術的互補、過往合作經驗、夥伴間營運策略的互補及相容性及財務能力。另外核心技術能力會影響台灣生技製藥廠商與合作夥伴合作起始的階段，研發合作起始階段的差異，更會影響知識移轉機制、以及合作方式的不同。另外，本研究也發現到，台灣生技製藥廠商在國際合作夥伴上的選擇會以不具直接競爭關係者為主，且與合作夥伴選擇以營業秘密的方式來保護技術知識。 / According to the research of KPMG in 2014, R&D collaboration between biopharmaceutical firms is the trend of biopharmaceutical industry. Under the circumstance of globalization, product life-cycles are gradually shortening. The purpose of R&D collaboration change from cost reduction to speeding up innovation. Therefore, multinational R&D collaboration has become a global business strategy for biopharmaceutical firms. Most of the past studies of multinational R&D collaboration focus on ICT industry in Taiwan. Few specially investigate biopharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a research gap can be found as multinational R&D collaborating between biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and biopharmaceutical firms of other countries. This research focus on the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan, explore how multinational R&D collaboration influence factors (business strategy, core competencies and the motivation of multinational R&D collaboration) affect multinational R&D collaboration management of firms. This research adopts two biopharmaceutical firms in Taiwan as case studies and conducts interviews with managers to understand multinational R&D collaboration influence factors and multinational R&D collaboration management. The conclusions of this research are as below: This research finds out that the motivations of multinational R&D collaboration of Taiwan firms are coincident, including cost reduction, diversification of risk, resources and technologies complementarity. The evaluations of partner selecting are also coincident, including resources and technologies complementarity, collaboration experience, operating strategy complementarity and financial capability. In addition, core competencies may affect the initiation stage of R&D collaboration and the initiation stage of R&D collaboration may affect the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and the way of multinational collaboration. Moreover, this research also found out that the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan might primarily choose to collaborate with international partners who have indirect competitive relationship with them. Last, the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and their partners protect their intellectual property in the way of trade secret.

在2014年3月的太陽花學運裡，參與的學生在此次扮演主要的角色。也因為如此，各領域響起許多質疑的聲浪，認為此運動只匯集了較邊緣的社會思想，尤其是極端反中的論點。這使得太陽花學運帶著不透明性，真正發起和參與的學生動機變得難以捉摸。此論文採用各方觀點加以探討，並分類大學生參與之背後的真正原由。研究首先細化就讀大學之參與者的動機，參考其投入程度，加以比較各種參加的原因；次而探討其學歷背景是否因而對其造成影響。本研究運用這兩項方法比對，釐清參與學生之背景、動機、成果的交互影響之關係。 / During the Sunflower Movement of March 2014, it was the university students that played a prominent role. Because of this, several misconceptions about the Sunflower Movement arose. Among them was that it only appealed to a small radical fringe of society, especially those with strong anti-Chinese sentiments. This cast a shadow on the movement as a whole, and the true motivations why students became involved was unclear. This paper takes a multi-dimensional approach to specifying the reasons behind why students participated. First, it breaks down the various motivations students had and compares this with how invested they became in the movement. Secondly, it takes into account students’ backgrounds to see whether or not this affected their motivations. Using this approach, we can see a relation between one’s background, motivations, and their eventual outcome in protest.

隨著數位時代的來臨，數位食譜的發展蔚為風潮，也以各種形式進行行銷推廣，再加上以文化融入創意、行銷而廣受歡迎的文化創意產業也相當風行，如何將文化價值帶入數位食譜中，創造新的火花，值得探究。 本研究以量化之網路問卷為主、質化之深度訪談法為輔，利用動機理論的概念及Maslow(1943)的需求理論了解數位食譜使用者使用數位食譜的動機、需求，另運用Davis et al.(1989)提出的科技接受模型、張銀益等人(2010)提出的手機線上遊戲特性進行延伸，做為使用者需求問卷調查的評測及分析指標，並依照以下項目分別對使用者的想法進行探討：(1)使用動機與需求、(2)知覺價值、(3)數位食譜三大平台特性與使用意願、(4)數位食譜行銷策略、(5)手繪插畫與數位食譜結合之吸引力。探討數位食譜的發展現況及行銷策略則以質化之深度訪談法進行，訪談國內數位食譜網站愛料理、多多開伙，外國案例則是美國手繪食譜網站They Draw & Cook，並且發現現有數位食譜平台主要的行銷策略以依照節慶或食材進行主題式的行銷活動居多，除了數位食譜網站/App本身的食譜內容外，常見的行銷方式則為(1)社群媒體、(2)異業合作與置入、(3)實體產品發行或實體活動。創新行銷案例探討則以覺旅咖啡為對象，以質化之深度訪談法了解其創新行銷方式，並發現覺旅咖啡將文化價值深植於體驗行銷的概念是數位食譜平台應該加以學習、深化的行銷方式。綜合以上結果，本研究對研究結果進行分析及整理，並對數位食譜的行銷策略與發展提出建議。 最後，本文將研究結果運用於輔助、支持Illuscook+的創作發展與功能設計，將 Illuscook+做為數位食譜創新行銷策略的構想場域，在「資訊有用性」、「介面易用性」及「使用趣味性」上均收到使用者相當良好的評價，未來可持續發展為具有完整功能的數位食譜資訊整合平台。 / With the advent of digital age, the development of digital recipes is a growing trend, they market and promote themselves in various forms. Besides, the cultural and creative industries which integrate culture, creation and marketing are quite popular, bringing cultural values into digital recipes and creating new spark are worth exploring. In this study, researcher used online questionnaires and depth interviews to understand users’ motivations and needs of using digital recipes, supplemented by motivation theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943), also used TAM by Davis et al. (1989) and mobile online games features by Chang Yin-Yih et al. (2010) as the indicators of evaluation and analysis of questionnaires. This study used the following items to discuss user’s ideas of digital recipes: (1)usage motivations and needs, (2)perceived value, (3)the relations between three characteristics of digital recipe platforms and willingness to use, (4)marketing strategies of digit recipes, (5)the attraction of combining hand-drawn illustration and digital recipe. Researcher explored the current development and marketing strategies of digital recipes in depth interviews, using iCook, dodocook and They Draw & Cook as subjects. Through the results of interviews, the main marketing strategy of existing digital recipes platform is theme-based marketing activities in accordance with festivals or ingredients, and in addition to their own recipe content of digital recipe website / App, the common ways of their marketing are: (1)social media, (2)cross-sector cooperation and placement, (3)release actual products or hold actual activities. Depth interview was also used to know the innovative marketing of Journey Kaffe, and found that its concept of making cultural values deeply rooted in the experiential marketing is the way that digital recipes platform should learn. Based on the above results, this research analyzed and organized the findings, and made recommendations of digital marketing strategies and development. Finally, the results of study was used to support the development and functional design of Illuscook+, made it a field to realize the innovative marketing ideas of digital recipes, and had received pretty good feedback from users in "information usefulness", "interface usability" and "usage interesting", may develop as a fully functional digital recipe platform in the future.

英語字彙的知識和能力是學好英語的關鍵因素之一，同時亦是影響閱讀流暢度的主要原因。但英語字彙教學常受限於時間及語言學習環境的限制，致使學習成效有限。隨著資訊科技的進步，許多研究著手於發展科技輔助英語字彙學習系統來輔助學習者進行英語字彙學習，希望能將英語字彙學習擴展到課程之外的時間。過去閱讀標註系統已被成功應用在提升學生的閱讀及字彙能力，然而相關的研究大都以使用文字、圖片和影片單一標註功能為主，鮮少研究探討多媒體閱讀標註對於字彙學習的研究。此外，閱讀標註部份也以教師的標註輔助學習為主，未有透過學生合作標註輔以英語字彙學習的研究。鑒於多媒體標註功能對教學的助益，本研究探討以具多媒體標註功能的數位閱讀標註系統來輔助英語字彙學習，不同多媒體標註組合對於英語字彙學習的影響差異。 據此，本研究探討在英文閱讀文本上讓國小學童採用文字及聲音(學生錄音)、圖片及聲音(學生錄音)與文字、圖片及聲音(學生錄音)等三種不同多媒體閱讀標註輔以英語字彙學習，對於兒童英語字彙學習成效、英語學習動機、學習滿意度以及記憶保留的影響差異。此外，也進一步探討採用上述三種不同多媒體閱讀標註輔以英語字彙學習，對於不同認知風格、不同英語能力及不同性別學童的英語字彙學習成效、英語學習動機、學習滿意度，以及記憶保留的影響差異，希望能發展出最有助於兒童基於多媒體閱讀標註輔以英語字彙學習的有效閱讀標註輔助學習模式。 研究結果發現：（1）採用語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註的學童在英語字彙學習的成效上，顯著優於採用語音標註搭配圖片標註的學童，而採用語音標註搭配圖片標註的學童之成效又顯著優於採用與語音標註搭配文字標註的學童；（2）採用語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註以及採用語音標註搭配圖片標註的學童在英語字彙記憶保留的成效上顯著優於採用語音標註搭配文字標註的學童；（3）採用三種不同多媒體搭配進行合作式閱讀標註的學童，其英語學習動機除了使用語音標註搭配文字標註的學童在「動機強度」向度的表現顯著優於使用語音標註搭配圖片標註的學童外，其餘向度未達顯著差異；而學習滿意度均無顯著差異；（4）採用語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註的圖像型學童，在英語字彙學習成效顯著高於採用語音標註搭配文字標註的圖像型學童；（5）採用語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註進行英語字彙學習的圖像型學童之英語字彙學習保留成效，顯著優於採用語音標註搭配文字標註的圖像型學童；（6）採用語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註的高分組學童之英語字彙學習成效，顯著高於採用語音標註搭配文字標註以及採用語音標註搭配圖片標註的高分組學童；（7）採用語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註的高分組學童之英語字彙學習保留成效，顯著優於採用語音標註搭配文字標註的高分組學童；（8）學童採用語音標註搭配文字、語音標註搭配圖片標註、語音標註搭配文字及圖片標註三種模式進行合作式閱讀標註，其英語字彙學習成效與英語字彙記憶保留程度，以及英語學習動機與學習滿意度之間具顯著相關性。最後，本研究亦提出應用多媒體標註於英語教學以及未來研究方向上的建議。 / English vocabulary knowledge and capability are the key factors in well learning English as well as the major factor in reading fluency. Nonetheless, English vocabulary teaching is often restricted to time and language learning environments to further restrict the learning achievement. With the advance of information technology, a lot of research focuses on developing technology-assisted English vocabulary learning systems to help learners’ English vocabulary learning, expecting to expand English vocabulary learning to the time beyond lessons. Past reading annotation systems were successfully applied to enhance students’ reading and vocabulary capabilities. However, most relevant research stressed on single annotation function of text, picture, and video, but seldom on multimedia reading annotation towards vocabulary learning. Moreover, reading annotation also concentrated on teacher annotation-assist learning, but not on student cooperative annotation assisted English vocabulary learning. In consideration of the assistance of multimedia annotation in teaching, a digital reading annotation system with multimedia annotation functions is utilized for English vocabulary learning to discuss the effects of different multimedia annotation combination on English vocabulary learning. Accordingly, English vocabulary learning assisted with different multimedia reading annotation of text & voice (student recording), picture & voice (student recording), and text, picture & voice (student recording) in English reading texts for elementary pupils is investigated the effects on children’s English vocabulary learning achievement, English learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and memory retention. Furthermore, the above multimedia reading annotation assisted English vocabulary learning are also discussed the effects on English vocabulary learning achievement, English learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and memory retention of pupils with different cognitive styles, English capabilities, and genders, expecting to develop the most effective reading annotation assisted learning model based on multimedia reading annotation assisted English vocabulary learning. The research findings are summarized as below. (1) Pupils applying voice annotation with text & picture annotation significantly outperform the ones with voice annotation and picture annotation on English vocabulary learning achievement, while the ones with voice annotation with picture annotation remarkably outperform those voice annotation and text annotation. (2) Pupils applying voice annotation with text & picture annotation and the ones applying voice annotation with picture annotation notably outperform the others with voice annotation and text annotation on the achievement of English vocabulary memory retention. (3) Among pupils applying different multimedia with cooperative reading annotation, the ones with voice annotation and text annotation present significantly better performance than those with voice annotation and picture annotation on Motive Strength in English learning motivation, but not on the rest dimensions. Besides, the learning satisfaction does not appear remarkable difference. (4) Pictorial pupils applying voice annotation with text & picture annotation notably present higher English vocabulary learning achievement than those pictorial pupils with text annotation. (5) Pictorial pupils applying voice annotation with text & picture annotation significantly outperform the other pictorial pupils with voice annotation and text annotation on the achievement of English vocabulary learning retention. (6) High-score pupils applying voice annotation with text & picture annotation remarkably outperform the other high-score pupils applying voice annotation with text annotation and voice annotation with picture annotation on English vocabulary learning achievement. (7) High-score pupils applying voice annotation with text & picture annotation notably outperform the other high-score pupils with voice annotation and text annotation on the achievement of English vocabulary learning retention. (8) Pupils applying different cooperative reading annotation of voice annotation with text annotation, voice annotation with picture annotation, and voice annotation with text & picture annotation show significant correlations between English vocabulary learning achievement and English vocabulary memory retention as well as English learning motivation and learning satisfaction. Finally, suggestions for applying multimedia annotation to English teaching and for future research directions are also proposed in this study.

近年來平台商業模式與網路交友的盛行，使得許多網路交友平台應運而生。平台的收費模式不以傳統使用者付費的觀念建立，而是以整體平台的互動作為收費的考量，以較優惠或是免費的方式來吸引會引起正向跨邊網路效應的使用者加入，讓他們作為平台的被補貼方，藉此吸引平台的付費方群體加入。 本研究以雙邊平台的觀點來研究網路交友平台是如何設計讓使用者願意加入此平台、如何設計互動機制讓平台上雙方群體進行互動，如何訂定合適的管制讓使用者能方便使用並信任此平台上使用者的真實性，讓適當的顧客匯集。即使同為網路交友平台，其交友的目的、交友的模式也有所不同，因此本研究先探討各交友平台是如何設計互動模式，來促進使用者間的交流，並比較各平台的不同之處。 理解平台的互動機制後，接著探討平台的補貼準則。因為各網路交友平台的設計不同也使得補貼準則有所差異，透過文獻裡所述的補貼準則來分析平台是透過哪種方式來向使用者進行收費，以及分析使用者願意支付費用的原因。 透過幾個交友平台的個案分析，本研究觀察到雖都為網路交友平台，但是其交友的機制都會因其設計理念、交友目的而有所不同。因此本研究整理出哪些補貼準則被應用在網路交友平台上，而各交友平台如何設計收費時機在互動模式上，以理解網路交友平台的整個收費訂價的方式。 / Platform business model and online dating has become popular in recent years, therefore more and more online dating platforms are being set up. Platform pricing model is not set up by user charge alone, how users interact on the platform is also considered. Platform controller attract users who can cause positive cross-side network effect by offering them better price so that they can attract users who are willing to pay the fee. This research depends on two-side market theory to explain how online dating platforms attract users to enter their platforms, design interaction mechanism and set rules to allow users to use platforms easily. Depending on different dating purposes, every online dating platform has its own design. Therefore, this research discusses how different online dating platforms design interaction mechanism and compare the differences between them. After understanding how platforms design interaction mechanism, platform pricing model is then discussed. Every platform has its own pricing model, because of different design. This research analyzes platform pricing model by subsidy rules from previous studies, and why users are willing to pay. By analyzing several online dating platform cases, this research concludes that platforms have different interacting mechanisms because of website design purpose and user dating purpose. This research demonstrates which subsidy rules are used on online dating platform and how these platform design charge timing in order to understand online dating platform pricing model.

隨著科技的進步，兒童繪本不再侷限於傳統由印刷文字及靜態圖片組成的紙本繪本，而是逐漸發展為多種數位媒體整合之電子繪本，電子繪本具有優於傳統紙本繪本的互動性及多媒體元素，較能吸引兒童的閱讀興趣。但電子繪本也存在過多動畫可能使兒童沈迷於感官刺激，分散其閱讀注意力的疑慮。此外，電子繪本對兒童的視力可能造成傷害，紙本仍較適合長時間的閱讀，但紙本繪本在支援閱讀上的模式較為單調。因此，近年來可搭配紙本閱讀的數位點讀筆興起，並已發展出可同時融合聽、說、讀、寫的多元閱讀模式，具有融合紙本且具有多媒體與互動功能的優勢。本研究採用腦波注意力偵測技術及心跳變異情緒感知技術，基於預測策略，探討包括傳統紙本繪本、電子繪本及點讀筆輔助紙本繪本閱讀對於兒童閱讀動機、閱讀情緒、閱讀注意力與閱讀理解成效的影響。此外，也針對文字型和圖像型不同認知風格以及不同性別的兒童，探討採用上述三種不同閱讀模式進行閱讀時的閱讀動機、閱讀情緒、閱讀注意力與閱讀理解成效是否具有顯著差異。 研究結果發現：（1）運用點讀筆輔助閱讀紙本繪本搭配預測策略的兒童，在閱讀動機提升上顯著優於閱讀紙本繪本與閱讀電子繪本搭配預測策略的兒童；（2）運用點讀筆輔助閱讀紙本繪本搭配預測策略的兒童在閱讀注意力上顯著優於閱讀紙本繪本搭配預測策略的兒童，但與閱讀電子繪本搭配預測策略的兒童則無顯著差異；（3）閱讀電子繪本與運用點讀筆輔助紙本繪本搭配預測策略的閱讀模式在閱讀理解成效上均優於傳統紙本閱讀搭配預測策略，並且兩種閱讀模式具有相同的閱讀理解成效；（4）閱讀電子繪本搭配預測策略的兒童中在負面情緒上，女性顯著高於男性；（5）閱讀傳統紙本繪本搭配預測策略的兒童，在閱讀理解成效上女性顯著優於男性；（6）男性兒童採用點讀筆輔助紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀，在閱讀注意力上顯著優於傳統紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀；（7）男性兒童採用電子繪本閱讀與運用點讀筆輔助紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀，在閱讀理解成效上優於傳統紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀；（8）圖像型兒童採用傳統紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀，在負面情緒上顯著高於採用電子繪本閱讀與運用點讀筆輔助紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀；（9）文字型兒童採用電子繪本閱讀與點讀筆輔助紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀，在閱讀理解成效上顯著高於傳統紙本繪本搭配預測策略閱讀；（10）兒童以傳統紙本繪本閱讀、電子繪本閱讀與點讀筆輔助繪本閱讀三種模式進行閱讀學習，其閱讀動機、閱讀情緒、閱讀注意力與閱讀理解成效彼此之間不具有關聯性 最後，根據研究結果，本研究亦提出對父母、教師、相關推動兒童閱讀單位以及未來研究的建議，希望能對兒童的閱讀能力提升產生助益。 / With the progress of information technology, children picture books have no longer be restricted to traditional paper picture books composed of printed texts and static pictures; instead, various digital media integrated electronic picture books are gradually developed. Electronic picture books present the advantages of better interactivity and multimedia elements than traditional paper picture books and could better attract children’s reading interests. Nevertheless, electronic picture books also exist in excessive animation causing children indulging in sensory stimulation and diverting the reading attention. Moreover, electronic picture books could damage children’s visual acuity. Thus, paper picture books are considered more suitable for long-term reading. However, paper picture books show dull model on supporting reading. The combination of digital pens with paper-reading is therefore emerged in the past years and the plural reading model integrating listening, speaking, reading, and writing has been developed because integrating digital pen with paper reveals the advantages of multimedia and interactive functions. Based on prediction strategy, this study applies brain-wave attention detection system and heart rate variability emotion sensing technology to discussing the effects of traditional paper picture books, electronic picture books, and digital pen assisted paper picture books on children’s reading motivation, reading emotion, reading attention, and reading comprehension performance. Furthermore, the effects of on children with visualizer and verbalizer cognitive styles and different genders on reading motivation, reading emotion, reading attention, and reading comprehension performance when reading with the above reading models are also explored. The findings of the study are summarized as below. (1) Children applying digital pen supported paper picture books and prediction strategy present better reading motivation than the ones reading paper picture books and electronic picture books with prediction strategy. (2) Children utilizing digital pen supported paper picture books with prediction strategy reveal better reading attention than the ones reading paper picture books with prediction strategy, but do not appear significant difference from the others reading electronic picture books with prediction strategy. (3) Reading electronic picture books and digital pen supported paper picture books with prediction strategy shows better reading comprehension performance than traditional paper reading with prediction strategy, and such two reading models appear the same reading comprehension performance. (4) Female children reading electronic picture books with prediction strategy present higher negative emotion than males do. (5) Female children reading traditional paper picture books with prediction strategy reveal better reading comprehension performance than males do. (6) Male children applying digital pen supported paper picture books with prediction strategy show better reading attention than reading traditional paper picture books with prediction strategy. (7) Male children using electronic picture books and digital pen supported paper picture books with prediction strategy present better reading comprehension performance than reading traditional paper picture books with prediction strategy. (8) Visualizers utilizing traditional paper picture books with prediction strategy appear higher negative emotion than applying electronic picture books and digital pen supported paper picture books with prediction strategy. (9) Verbalizers using electronic picture books and digital pen supported paper picture book with prediction strategy show significantly higher reading comprehension performance than reading traditional paper picture books with prediction strategy. (10) The reading models of traditional paper picture books, electronic picture books, and digital pen supported picture books do not appear correlations on reading motivation, reading emotion, reading attention, and reading comprehension performance. Finally, the study also proposes several valuable suggestions for parents, teachers, children reading promotion units, and future researchers, tending to provide benefits in enhancing children reading abilities.

本研究旨在探討國民小學教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之關聯性，並分析學校組織政治氣候對教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之間關係的影響。本研究採用調查研究法。在預試階段以新竹縣公立國民小學教師為對象，寄發300份預試問卷，回收有效問卷224份，據以分析測量工具的信效度。在正式施測階段，以臺灣地區公立國民小學教師為對象，寄發1,458份問卷，回收有效問卷1,026份。在資料分析方面，透過描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、相關分析及階層線性模式等方法，檢測本研究問題及假設。依據研究結果，本研究獲致以下結論： 一、教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之現況分析 （一）國民小學教師具有中等程度的組織政治知覺。 （二）國民小學教師具有中高程度的印象管理動機。 （三）國民小學教師具有良好程度的組織公民行為。 二、教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之差異分析 （一）教師的組織政治知覺會因學校規模、學歷及擔任職務之不同而有所差異。 （二）教師印象管理動機會因學校規模、學校地區、性別、學歷及擔任職務之不同 而有所差異。 （三）教師組織行為會因學校規模、學校地區、性別、年齡、服務年資及擔任職務 之不同而有所差異。 三、教師組織政治知覺、印象管理動機與組織公民行為之關聯性分析 （一）教師的組織政治知覺對組織公民行為具有負向的影響。 （二）教師的組織政治知覺對塑造正面印象的動機具有正向的影響。 （三）避免負面印象及塑造正面印象的動機對教師組織公民行為具有正向的影 響。 （四）教師的組織政治知覺會透過塑造正面印象的中介效果，間接對組織公民行為 產生正向的影響。 （五）學校組織政治氣候會調節教師組織政治知覺及組織公民行為的關係。 （六）學校組織政治氣候會調節教師組織政治知覺及塑造正面印象的關係。 依據研究結果，本研究針對學校行、校長及教師三方面提出相關建議： 一、對學校行政的建議 （一）形塑正向組織氣候，避免過多的政治行為。 （二）重視學校運作公平，提升成員的信任感。 （三）暢通溝通管道，避免影響團體的過度操弄。 二、對學校校長的建議 （一）妥善處理學校政治行為，避免產生負面效應。 （二）明辨成員工作行為動機，避免形成惡性競爭。 （三）正向肯定教師組織公民行為，鼓勵教師對教育工作的額外付出。 三、對學校教師的建議 （一）正向看待學校組織政治，調整自我工作心態。 （二）適時善用印象管理策略，提升工作績效表現。 （三）積極從事組織公民行為，創造個人與組織價值。 最後，本研究亦針對未來研究提出在測量工具、研究內容、研究設計及資料分析等方面的建議。 / The study investigated the relationships among the perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors in elementary school teachers. Moreover, this study analyzed the impact of the organizational political climate in schools on the relationships among the perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors. In the pretest administered in this study, a survey was conducted on public elementary school teachers in Hsinchu County. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 224 were returned. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested. In the formal survey, the subjects were public elementary school teachers from across Taiwan. A total of 1,458 questionnaires were distributed, and 1,026 valid samples were returned. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and hierarchical linear models to validate the research hypotheses. Based on the results, the following conclusions were derived: 1. The perception level of teachers regarding organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors: (1) Elementary school teachers possess a middle-level perception of organizational politics. (2) Elementary school teachers possess middle-high-level impression management motives. (3) Elementary school teachers possess favorable organizational citizenship behaviors. 2. The variance analysis of teachers’ perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors: (1) The perception of organizational politics for teachers varies by school size, educational background, and position in school. (2) The impression management motives of teachers vary by school size, school location, gender, educational background, and position in school. (3) The organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers varies by school size, school location, gender, age, and years of service. 3. The relationships among teachers’ perception of organizational politics, impression management motives, and organizational citizenship behaviors: (1) The perception of organizational politics negatively affects organizational citizenship behaviors. (2) The perception of organizational politics for teachers positively affects the motivation to create a positive impression. (3) The motivation to avoid a negative impression and create a positive impression positively affects the organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers. (4) The creation of a positive impression for teachers mediates the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and organizational citizenship behaviors. (5) The organizational political climate in school moderates the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and the organizational citizenship behaviors of teachers. (6) The organizational political climate moderates the relationship between the perception of organizational politics and the development of a positive impression. According to the research results, the following suggestions are proposed for school practice, principals, and teachers. 1. For school practice: (1) Establish a positive organizational climate and avoid excessive political behavior. (2) Focus on the fairness of school operations and promote the trust of members. (3) Provide unimpeded communication channels and avoid excessive manipulation by the impacting group. 2. For school principals: (1) Appropriately control the political behavior of the school to avoid negative effects. (2) Distinguish working motivation among members to avoid negative competition. (3) Positively affirm teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors, and encourage teachers to invest additional effort in educating students. 3. For school teachers: (1) Positively address school organizational politics, and adjust one’s self-working attitude. (2) Appropriately use impression management strategies to enhance job performance. (3) Positively engage in organizational citizenship behaviors, and create personal and organizational value. Finally, this paper provides suggestions for future research, which include suggestions for measuring tools, research content, research design, and data analysis.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:10610105 研究代表者:速水 敏彦 研究期間:1998-2000年度