本研究的研究目的，主要在討論台商赴大陸投資究竟對其經營績效產生如何的影響。在本研究中，將台商對大陸投資定義為台商將主要的經營據點設在大陸。本研究依據研究目的設計問卷，所設計的問卷總計14項問題，在進行問卷調查的過程中，共有103家台灣連接器廠商願意參與本研究的問卷調查。經過排除一些填寫資料不全與資料謬誤的樣本後，本研究最後利用99家台灣連接器廠商的問卷結果進行分析。 利用DEA方法估算台灣99家連接器廠商的技術效率（TE）、純技術效率（PTE）、規模效率（SE），再利用此TE、PTE與SE做為被解釋變數的Tobit-Censoring模型進行估計，藉以瞭解台灣連接器廠商赴大陸投資對其經營績效的影響。每一個效率指標都進行兩個模型估計，其一是以將主要營運地點設立在中國大陸的虛擬變數表示對大陸投資，其二是進一步將是主要營運地點設立在中國大陸的虛擬變數以六個大陸城市的虛擬變數來取代，分別為上海市、昆山市、東莞市、深圳市、廣州市、蘇州市。 本研究的主要發現為，台灣連接器廠商是否將主要的營運地點設在中國大陸對其技術效率TE與純技術效率PTE並無影響，但對其規模效率SE的水準有提升的效果。但是，台灣連接器廠商將主要的營運地點設在大陸的東莞市，將有利於其技術效率TE水準；若將主要的營運地點設在大陸的廣州市，有利於其技術效率PTE水準。若將主要的營運地點設在大陸的上海市、東莞市、以及蘇州市，將有利於其規模效率SE的提升。因此，本研究建議，若台灣連接器廠商欲將主要的營運地點也設在中國大陸，政府應該以正面的態度視之。但必須注意的是，如何必免廠商因為將主要的營運地點也設在中國大陸，而將生產技術外溢至中國大陸，造成未來大陸的連接器廠商成為台灣連接器廠商在國際市場上的強競對手。

面對全球ICT投資成長趨勢，帶來了資訊服務業的龐大商機，引起各資訊服務企業投入競爭，企業必須不斷強化競爭優勢，採行適當措施以調整企業本身體質。企業利用既有資源的互補、結合，可使企業毋須額外投入資源或投入有限資源情況下達到提升企業競爭力目的，稱為策略聯盟。 企業策略聯盟時，須同時考量企業內部經營績效與尋求外部聯盟的企業狀況，如何有效選擇聯盟合作企業，以及聯盟後是否能有效提升企業競爭力，實為當今企業管理者在面臨嚴苛經營環境必須面對專注的課題。 企業管理透過績效評估工具，可使管理者瞭解資源運用的效果，並可作為企業未來資源調配的參考，使企業資源運用能與經營目標結合。 灰預測(Grey Prediction)為根據過去簡單歷史資料即可準確推估未來，為衡量企業未來表現之科學評估方法；資料包絡分析法 (Data Envelopment Analysis，DEA)用於解決多投入多產出項問題，利用客觀計量運算及邏輯推導，於企業進行策略聯盟時，最適合應用此方法作為聯盟對象之選擇。 本研究建立台灣資訊服務業進行策略聯盟時之績效評估模式，提供管理者選擇最適聯盟對象之決策參考，藉以提升企業經營效率，強化競爭能力。 / The growing trend of global investments in ICT has brought enormous opportunities in the information service industry. Under this trend, companies must continue to strengthen their competitive advantages. The integration of existing and/or complementary resources across different companies through co-operation could allow an individual enterprise to limit resource input and therefore achieve better competitiveness. This concept is known as strategic alliances. To form a strategic alliance, a company must consider both internal operating performance and external business conditions. How to choose a partner and determine whether the alliance could effectively enhance the competitiveness of the business should be the focuses of today's business managers. Through the use of performance evaluation tools, the managers of an enterprise can understand the efficiency of resource utilization, which can in turn be used as a reference for future resource allocation. Company resources can therefore be applied to the business objectives of the enterprise more efficiently. Grey prediction is a scientific assessment method that can accurately estimate future simply based on historical data. It can therefore be used to estimate the future performance of the company. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a method that deals with multi-input and multi-output scenarios by using objective measurement of operations and logical deductions. When a business enterprise plans to form a strategic alliance, DEA is the most suitable method to be used to select a partner. This study establishes the performance evaluation model of strategic alliances between business enterprises within the IT service industry of Taiwan, and in turn provides business managers a useful reference for better decision-making, thus serves as an effective tool to help enhance business efficiency and competitiveness.

本文根據2002年至2008年的各綜合券商財報資料，採用三階段資料包絡分析法，評估綜合券商之經營效率分析，研究的對象包含台灣金控體系下十四家綜合券商和上市櫃十一家綜合券商證券公司（非金控體系）共25家綜合券商。實證結果如下：第一階段廠商無效率之主要來源為純技術無效率與第三階段之部分，估計之結果不同，綜合券商經營管理無效率的情形相當嚴重，綜合券商純技術效率平均值為0.955，規模效率平均值為0.769，代表受評綜合券商經營上產生無效率之來源為生產規模之無效率，假若不考慮外在因素之衝擊則會低估純技術效率值，將造成廠商無效率來源之誤判，本文利用Wilcoxon符號等級檢定(Wilcoxon signed rank test)檢驗第一階段與第三階段效率值，顯示在1%的顯著水準下，第一階段與第三階段 DEA 估計之技術效率值、純技術效率值及規模效率值確實存在顯著差異；SFA迴歸評估結果顯示，營運據點數、董事規模、董監事股權質押比率對勞動投入差額呈顯著正向關係，2008金融風暴、業務集中度、業務風險、發放員工分紅對勞動投入差額呈顯著負向關係；營運據點數、業務集中度、業務風險、董事規模、董監事股權質押比率對資本投入差額呈顯著正向關係，2008金融風暴及發放員工紅利，對資本投入差額呈顯著負向關係；2008金融風暴、業務風險、發放員工紅利、董事規模、董監事股權質押比率對其他費用投入差額呈顯著正向關係，營運據點數、業務集中度，對其他費用投入差額呈顯著負向關係。

為了加入世界貿易組織，台灣早已自80年代逐步進行金融自由化的工作：早在1983年政府就擴大存放款利差，1984年允許銀行根據其個別情況制定基本放款利率並放寬本國銀行設立分行的家數與條件。然而金融自由化最重大的里程碑則是在1989年7月財政部修訂銀行法，開放新銀行設立並解除利率管制，自此之後台灣才真正成為金融自由化的國家。 本研究針對1986年到2002年的本國銀行，採用資料包絡分析法計算效率值，旨在探討台灣銀行業在開放新銀行設立前後的效率與生產力變動情形。不同於其他研究僅以年度為基礎來計算相對效率值，本研究使用「大邊界」的觀念建構出單一效率邊界，更能顯示出在一致的比較基礎上效率變動的趨勢。本研究的主要結果如下： 1.銀行業全體與開放前既存之舊銀行，在開放前的效率值均顯著大於開放後。至於開放後新舊銀行效率的比較，新銀行的整體技術效率與規模效率較高，舊銀行則在純技術效率上領先新銀行，但檢定結果僅有規模效率一項為顯著。 2.金控子銀行的效率值較非金控子銀行為高，顯示金控公司會挑選表現好的銀行作為合作夥伴。 3.在生產力分析部分，舊銀行開放後的總生產力仍小於開放前，儘管舊銀行在開放後的各項經營效率變動較開放前高，但因技術的大幅衰退以致整體生產力仍呈現衰退現象。顯示舊銀行雖然在效率上有所改善，但對於營運上的創新仍太過保守。 4.在Tobit迴歸分析的部分，股東權益報酬率、資產規模、流動準備率和效率值的關係為正向；分行家數、可控制費用、催收款比率和效率值的關係則為負向。 關鍵詞：銀行業、效率分析、資料包絡分析法、解除管制 / In order to join World Trade Organization, Taiwan has been gradually liberating its banking industry since 1980s. In 1983 Taiwan augmented the interest difference between loans and savings in banking industry. In 1984 Taiwan allowed a bank to set its own basic interest rate of loans base on business difference and reduced the restriction of setting up the new branches. The biggest leap was in 1989, Taiwan passed the new banking law which deregulated the banking industry. The new law opened the market for the new entrants and abandoned the interest regulation. The purpose of this research is to examine the efficiency and productivity changes before and after deregulation of Taiwan’s banking industry. This research applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure efficiency scores. The data include most of the domestic banks in Taiwan from 1986 to 2002. Unlike other research use yearly basis to measure relative efficiency difference, this research constructs a single efficiency frontier, grand frontier, to measure the trends of efficiency changes. The major findings of this research as follows. 1. The statistical results of the full sample exhibit that the efficiency measures before deregulation are statistically significant greater than that of after deregulation. Although the new entrants exhibit higher efficiency scores in total technical efficiency and scale efficiency than incumbents after deregulation, however, only scale efficiency indicates statistically significant level. Incumbents exhibit a higher pure technical efficiency than the new entrants after deregulation. 2. Banks that joined the financial holding company exhibit higher efficient scores than those of do not join the financial holding company. 3. The total factor productivity denotes a regress after deregulation. The major factor of productivity regress is due to technology decrease. However, the efficiency change of incumbent banks exhibits a significant increase after deregulation. The finding suggests that although the incumbent banks have significant improvements in efficiency, they are still too conservative in innovations. 4. The Tobit regression suggests that return on equity (ROE), total assets, and current-reserve ratio have a positive effect on efficiency measures; however, the number of branches, controllable expenses, and bad debt ratio have a negative effect on efficiency measures. Keywords: Bank industry, Efficiency analysis, Data envelopment analysis, Deregulation

本研究試圖探討中東歐國家由中央集權計劃經濟轉型為市場經濟之後，對其效率及生產力之影響。本研究針對1980至2000年的歐洲國家，採用資料包絡分析法(DEA)與大邊界法(Grand Frontier)畫出所有樣本的單一效率邊界並計算其整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值。 新興主權國家的整體技術效率、純技術效率、規模效率值在經濟轉型後均降低，顯示經濟轉型後的新興主權國家的確有經濟效率低落的狀況，尤其在經濟轉型初期市場不健全、經濟體質不良使資源配置不佳。傳統工業國家的整體技術效率及純技術效率在經濟轉型後較高，規模效率經濟轉型後降低。傳統工業國家於經濟轉型後整體技術效率、純技術效率及規模效率顯著的高於轉型國家、新興主權國家。 Malmquist生產力指數分析，結果顯示傳統工業國家在經濟轉型後顯示生產力有進步，而生產力成長主要貢獻是技術進步(innovation)，但傳統工業國家技術效率變動則呈現退步現象，進一步分析原因主要是由於規模效率變動退步所致。另外選擇1993年及2000年進行比較，結果發現傳統工業國家與新興國家的生產力均退步，主要原因是技術效率變動退步，但技術有進步。

資料包絡分析法乃是利用數學規劃模式求取決策單位之相對效率，故本研究針對本文針對競爭激烈之金控環境下,14至15家金控子銀行進行推估其經營效率。 銀行經營效率評估，主要以財務比率法、資料包絡法及隨機生產（或成本）邊界法。財務比率法大多利用單一投入與產出之比值，不符合生產函數之理論架構；DEA已經針對投入與產出之關係，作一嚴謹的分析，而能推估數個投入與產出之效率指標，此一效率指標，較能評估各廠商之經營績效。本文運用Farrell對於多項投入及多項產出效率衡量的概念，去推估各金控子銀行從1999年至2004年的經營效率，並建議這些銀行如何去配置最佳技術效率組合。 本研究的結論得出公營金控公司子銀行的績效不如民營金控子銀行來的佳。且金控公司子銀行未來應加強創新，增進風險管理的能力，促使銀行、證券及保險平台的結合，以便提高競爭力。 / Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming approach to accessing relative efficiencies within a group of Decision Making Units (DMUS). therefore this research controls the environment in view of this article in view of the competition intense gold next the bank to carry on,14 to 15 Financial company bankings pushes estimates its management efficiency. 　　The bank management efficiency appraised, mainly by Financial Ratio Approachs, Data Envelopment Approachs and The Stochastic production (or cost) Frontier Approachs. The financial ratio Approachs mostly uses the sole investment with to deliver the ratio, does not conform to theory of overhead construction the production function; DEA already aimed at the investment with to deliver the relations, made a rigorous analysis, but could push estimates several investments with to deliver the efficiency target. This efficiency target, comparatively can appraise management achievements various merchants. This article utilizes Farrell delivers the efficiency weight regarding many investments and many items the concept, pushes estimates various Jin K'ungtzu the bank from 1999 to 2004 management efficiency, and suggested how these banks do dispose the best technical efficiency combination. 　　This research conclusion obtains the public-operated gold to control the company sub- bank the achievements to be inferior to privately operated Financial company bankings comes good. Also the gold will control the company sub- bank future to be supposed to strengthen the innovation, will promote the risk management the ability, will urge the bank, the negotiable securities and insures the platform the union, in order to enhancement competitive ability.

隨著金融控股公司法的實施，國內的金融機構紛紛朝金融控股公司的型態發展。然而，金控銀行的經營效率是否如預期般的有明顯的改善? 隸屬於金控集團的銀行其生產力是否優於無金控背景銀行?其生產力差異源自於哪些因素?。本研究採DEA模型，衡量金融控股公司與非金融控股公司效率差異，並透過差額變數分析（Slack Variable Analysis），使相對無效率銀行瞭解其缺失所在，進而尋求改進之道，將過多的投入量減少及過少的產出量增加；再利用Tobit迴歸模型，探討銀行之資本適足率、逾放比率、市場佔有率、風險水準、成本收益指標與經營效率之關係。 研究發現「金融控股公司」的平均總效率、技術效率值均高於「非金融控股公司」 。且不論是「金融控股公司」或「非金融控股公司」相對上都需減少固定資產及增加非利息收入，因而全體樣本銀行不僅需裁減人員還需廣增存款以外的利息收入或費用，以免在存款減少下引發資金不足的營運危機。

本研究旨在探討新北市特色小學之經營效率，本研究使用資料包絡分析法對於新北市47 所特色小學的經營效率進行分析，投入指標與產出指標係來自文獻探討及專家審題後取得。投入指標包括師生比、職生比、用人經費與資本門經費四項投入項；在產出指標的選取上，本研究選用遊學人次、參訪人次、特色學校課程與活動時數與媒體報導次數四項產出項。本研究期望描繪出最真實的新北市特色小學經營成果現況，並了解新北市特色小學在各投入指標與產出指標之績效變化。此外，本研究運用Mann-Whitney 檢定，探討新北市特色小學依背景變項分類為偏遠小學及一般小學後的經營差異。 本研究之五項重要實證結果如下： 一、新北市特色小學中有17所總技術效率屬相對有效率 在99學年度新北市特色小學資料中，在研究樣本的47所小學中，共有17所學校在效率值上達到相對有效率境界。 二、新北市特色小學總體經營無效率同時受規模因素、技術因素影響 以資料包絡分析法所定義的兩大效率來源論之，新北市特色小學總體經營無效率，同時受於「規模因素」與「技術因素」影響。 三、職生比為影響經營績效的關鍵因子 在投入變項中，「職生比」的敏感度最高，為影響經營效率之關鍵因子。 四、特色學校對於每一個產出項都應重視 在產出變項中，「媒體報導次數」的敏感度最高，為影響經營效率之關鍵因子，但其他三項產出指標對於效率值影響也很大。 五、一般學校與偏遠學校經營表現無明顯差異 在99學年度新北市特色小學經營效率分析中，可發現一般學校與偏遠學校在經營表現尚無明顯差異之處。 最後依上述研究結論，提出具體建議，以作為新北市特色小學、新北市教育局及教育行政機關參考運用。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the operational efficiency of featured elementary schools in New Taipei City. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was conducted to analyze the operational efficiency of 47 featured elementary schools in New Taipei City. The input indicators and output indicators were obtained from literature review and expert review. The four input indicators were teacher-student ratio, staff-student ratio, human resources budget, and capital budget; the four output indicators were study tour person/times, visitor person/times, specialty school courses and activity hours, and media report instances. The findings can be used to accurately depict the operational conditions of featured elementary schools in New Taipei City, and understand the performance changes in input indicators and output indicators of these schools. In addition, Mann-Whitney test was conducted to examine operational differences of featured elementary schools in New Taipei City, as classified according to background variables into remote elementary schools and general elementary schools. The five important empirical results are described as follows: 1. The total technical efficiency of 17 featured elementary schools in New Taipei City is relative efficiency. The data on featured elementary schools in New Taipei City for 2010 academic year, suggest that among the 47 elementary schools in the research sample, 17 schools reached relative efficiency. 2. The overall operational inefficiency rate of featured elementary schools in New Taipei City is simultaneously affected by size factors and technical factors. According to the two main sources of efficiency as defined by DEA, the overall operational inefficiency rate of featured elementary schools in New Taipei City are simultaneously affected by “size factors” and “technical factors.” 3. Staff-student ratio is a key factor that influences operational performance. Among input variables, “staff-student ratio” has the highest sensitivity, and is the key factor that influences operational efficiency. 4. Specialty schools should emphasize each output indicator. Among output variables, “media report instances” has the highest sensitivity, and is the key factor that influences operational efficiency, but the other three output indicators also have major influence on the efficiency value. 5. There are no significant differences between the operational performance of general schools and remote schools. The analysis of operational efficiency of featured elementary schools in New Taipei City for 2010 academic year found that, it is possible to find that there are no significant differences between general schools and remote schools in terms of operational performance. Finally, suggestions are proposed based on the above research conclusions, to serve as a reference for featured elementary schools in New Taipei City, Bureau of Education in New Taipei City, as well as educational administrative authorities.

本文為探討天津市政府所轄各區縣之地方效率，並找出影響該地方效率之因素為何，首先針對有關天津政府效率之評估指標、財政分權程度之衡量及天津政府效率相關政策之文獻進行回顧，同時整理天津市所轄各區縣可能影響效率相關因素之發展現況，藉以取得適當變數，接著本研究將設計實證模型並進行假設，包含各項資料蒐集與整理，在利用資料包絡分析法(DEA)加以評估獲得天津市所轄各區縣之地方政府效率值後，並以TOBIT迴歸模型衡量相關因素對其效率之影響情況。 最後，本研究發現，對於天津市政府所轄各區縣之地方政府效率影響，其中以物價上漲程度、時間趨勢變數均屬負向變數。而財政分權程度、地方政府規模、經濟發展程度、開放程度則均為正向變數。而財政分權程度、地方政府規模均非屬單調性變數，表達該變數所影響效率狀態將非必然為單向相關，當程度或規模有所變化，其影響也可能將隨之化作反向影響。另外，就天津市所轄各區縣在2008至2010年政府效率之表現，以和平、河東、河西、南開、河北、北辰、濱海新區等7區有較高之政府效率，可期未來將更有突出發展。

本研究使用資料包絡分析法進行我國銀行業生產效率分析，並以彰化銀行作為個案對象，研究彰化銀行在不同經營者下的生產效率，以2001年至2016年我國30家銀行為樣本銀行，探究各年度彰化銀行相對全體銀行之生產效率與Malmquist生產力指數，結果顯示彰銀自行經營期間（2001年至2005年），其生產效率與生產力指數變動大，生產效率變動在三商銀中為唯一衰退；台新金經營彰銀期間（2006年至2014年），彰銀生產效率曾連續五年為三商銀中最佳，直至後半期第一銀行生產效率超越彰銀成為三商銀中第一，因此生產力指數一銀略高於彰銀，唯生產效率進步程度由彰銀在三商銀中進步最多；而彰銀再度自行經營期間（2015年與2016年），彰銀連續兩年達生產效率，顯示其再度自行經營之生產效率相較其他銀行良好。 / This study investigates the productive efficiency of banks in Taiwan by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This thesis also presents a case study about the transfered right of management of Chang-Hua Bank, to see the difference of productive efficiency between different managers. The study chooses 30 banks of Taiwan from 2001 to 2016 as the sample data, and studies the productive efficiency and Malmquist index of Chang-Hua Bank each year. The study shows the results as follows: 1. The government managed the Chang-Hua bank (2001~2005): It appears a great fluctuation of the productive efficiency and the Malmquist Index of Chang-Hua Bank. Among the Chang-Hua Bank, the First Bank and the Hua-Nan Bank, the Chang-Hua Bank presents the lowest average efficient change. 2. Taishin financial holding company managed the Chang-Hua bank (2006~2014): Comparing to the First Bank and the Hua-Nan Bank, Chang-Hua bank had been the most productive and efficient bank for five years. 3. The government managed the Chang-Hua bank (2015~2016): Chang-Hua Bank has reached the productive efficieny for the recent two years.