本研究的研究目的是提供英文老師如何在課堂上有效運用合作教 學，並提供老師在處理合作學習分組上一些適當、 有用的建議。本研究以一班台北市高職二年級學生為對象，以四種合作教學法應用在他們英文課上，並將實驗劃分為兩階段—同質學習能力小組及異質學習能力小組。藉此探討不同學習能力的學生對不同能力分組方式，有何感受及差異。此外，本論文亦深入探討合作學習在學生情意領域上的影響， 比照他們在不同分組階段後的感受及成效。 資料蒐集方式包括兩份主要問卷調查，分別於不同分組階段後實施，及學生週誌、課堂觀察、及訪談。資料分析方式為量化的描述性統計及質化內容分析法。研究結果摘要如下： 一. 高成就學生偏好同質學習能力分組，並在社會技巧及英語學習上，顯著優於其他同學。 二. 低成就學生偏好異質學習能力分組，實施合作教學後，對於學習意願、上課態度上，有明顯進步。 三. 實施合作教學後，大部分學生在英語學習、學習興趣、態度、及社會技巧、人際關係上，皆有提升。 / The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of different groupings of Cooperative Learning on an English class of vocational high school students in Taiwan. Cooperative Learning is one of the teaching techniques applied in EFL classrooms, proved to be effective in promoting students’ academic achievement, affective domain as well as improving students’ interpersonal relationship. Although many EFL teachers in Taiwan have adopted cooperative learning to their teaching, not all of them paid attention to the grouping criteria. This study aims to investigate which ability grouping, heterogeneous or homogeneous, can bring most benefits to the students in their English learning and affective domain. In other words, this study tries to probe in the effectiveness of cooperative learning, by students’ perception, whether their learning attitude, achievement and social skills are enhanced through cooperative learning. And the relationship between different ability levels of the students and their preference for different groupings is also investigated. The grouping criteria, based on the participants’ academic achievement, divide the experiment into two stages—heterogeneous grouping and homogeneous grouping. Four cooperative learning methods are applied in the class—Students Team Achievement Division (STAD), Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT), Learning Together (LT) and Jigsaw. Forty-two students, taught by the researcher, from the 2nd year class at a vocational high school in Taipei, have participated in this study. By conducting questionnaires after the two stages of different groupings and oral interviews at the end of the experiment, the researcher collected and analyzed the data. The findings of the study indicate that high-ability students prefer to work with the similar-ability peers, while low-ability ones prefer to work in heterogeneous groups. The participants are positive toward the effectiveness of cooperative learning in promoting their English learning, learning attitude and social skills. By running SPSS, the statistical results also show significant difference that high-achieving students are satisfied with the improvement of their social skills and English learning more than the students of other levels when they are placed in homogeneous groups. The study not only provides EFL teachers with an effective framework of applying cooperative learning in English class, but also offers teachers appropriate and useful suggestion in adopting different groupings. Based on the above results, some pedagogical implications for English teachers and suggestions for learning strategy instructions are provided at the end of the study.

21世紀的金村，不可避免地捲入了中國社會的宏大變遷。當「西部大開發」的號角吹響的時候，新一輪現代化的要求也隨著國家權力管道輸入鄉村，按照現代化的理想對原有的秩序進行解構與重構。對新疆的哈薩克牧民來說，定居是國家理想模式下的現代化的必然要求，也是國家將人口聚集之後能夠更加強有力地控制農村進行引導的手段。隨著草原生態壓力的增大，生活甚至生存都成為問題的時候，現代化只是一個遙遠的夢而已。而這顛覆傳統游牧方式的定居就是哈薩克族告別傳統生計方式的變遷過程。對農區農民來說如何因應城市化、農業現代化的挑戰取決於已有的農村社會結構、小農生產方式能否完成自身的蛻化從而與市場經濟、現代社會相結合；而對從游牧社會轉到定居社會的哈薩克族定居牧民來說，要適應的除了生活習慣外，還有如何在新的定居環境中選擇新的經濟生活方式。本文通過對哈薩克族村莊的田野調查，發現金村經濟的發展並非只和經濟政策相關那麽簡單，另外諸如土地政策、金融貸款、援疆政策、村民與政府的關係、基層政府的執行力、甚至村民自身對經濟發展計劃的歪曲，都作用於經濟發展，最終導致金村定居50多年來進步甚微的現狀。

印尼是東南亞大國，擁有天然資源與廣大市場，且緊鄰麻六甲海峽，使其受到國際關注。尤其亞太地區國家除中國大陸外，東協國家的經濟發展情勢最受矚目。印尼在2000年開始進行政治民主化，積極建立民主國家形象，並在東協組織內發揮日益重要之影響。雖其國內仍存有族群衝突、恐怖主義分子活動等尚待解決的內政問題，但卻是東協中唯一的G20國家，更凸顯了印尼具發展成為區域大國的潛能。近年來中國大陸以共同發展之名，積極向東南亞國家傳達善意，特別是與印尼建立起全面戰略夥伴關係。本研究主以「互助合作」的角度，來觀察印尼與中國大陸關係發展的歷程，並就印尼傳統的Gotong Royong（互助合作）之意涵，探討其在印尼與中國大陸外交關係上所發揮的關鍵功能。 源於印尼民族在農務耕作的「互助合作」信念，已擴大引用到彼此間盡量在能力範圍內，針對共同目標，自願提供具有互相幫忙與適時回饋的合作，目的在實現群體共同的理想。印尼對於東協的決策，基於「互助合作」的外交精神，為了東協內部團結，以及爭取其他東協國家未來對印尼的支持，不會直接予以反對，而傾向於協商與合作。由於世界情勢的變化，對於國際關係的研究，除了主要的現實主義與自由主義之外，還需輔以結構主義的分析。印尼與中國大陸關係發展從1950年建交開始，雖經歷了關係親密期，但卻有長達30餘年的外交關係中斷，最後於1990年才恢復正式外交關係。本文認為印尼與中國大陸關係發展的主要考量因素，從印尼的「互助合作」角度來看，希望能自中國大陸獲取較印尼付出為多的利益；中國大陸方面，則期望藉這種「互助合作」的模式，加強與其他東協國家的關係。

在公共補助逐年限縮的情況下，產業界藉由學界知識創意補充自身技術缺口，而大學則利用知識產業化的契機，由基礎學術領域擴展至應用研究範疇，達成人才交流、設備資源共享、撙節成本等綜效，不啻為產學合作模式愈趨穩固發展之關鍵因素，咸認是提升國家競爭力的重要方式。 為利高等教育發展並課以學校財務經營的責任，教育部於民國八十四年首先選定國立成功大學在內的五所公立大學試辦校務基金制度；因基金制度精神係收入無需繳交國庫且年度結餘時可轉下年度繼續使用，故該制度尚未實施前先以國立大學名義組設，且由校務行政主管擔任多數董事之財團法人基金會存在之正當性與合理性旋即受到挑戰。 基此，本研究選取國內產學合作極具代表性之國立成功大學作為研究對象，冀由Sabatier和Jenkins-Smith (1993)提出政策倡導聯盟（Advocacy Coalition Framwork, ACF）理論，分析民國一○四年二月四日修正公布之國立大學校院校務基金設置條例增訂之第十五條規定，及同期間國立成功大學與財團法人成大研究發展基金會中斷長達二十餘年合作協議後，國立成功大學產學合作各行動者間的互動方式，及前述行動者究竟透過那些策略，企圖影響國立成功大學校長與財團法人成大研究發展基金會董事長再予調整雙方合作關係。 綜整深度訪談後發現，縱然沒有教師會/校務會議代表等政策掮客居中協調，雙方決策者亦會因彼此利益共同體之由重啟合作談判，此為以政策倡導聯盟理論解釋本個案與原理論最具差異之處。對此，本研究認為政策掮客存在對於政策產出而言非絕對必要性，頂多扮演促進者角色，加速政策學習或政策變遷；另，因本研究個案之決策者有二（即國立成功大學校長與財團法人成大研究發展基金會董事長），倘其一之決策者實質掌握整體執行機構資源，即取得主導政策取向的優勢，此時次級聯盟透過策略工具影響決策者修正政策產出將更顯困難，除非次級聯盟利益與決策者相同。

東南亞國家協會（Association of Southeast Asian Nations，ASEAN ），簡稱「東 協」。成立於一九六七年，迄今正好二十一年。它是亞洲區域主義下的產物。經過多 年來的努力，東協不僅成為經濟上欣欣向榮的地區，而且被讚為第三世界國從事區域 合作的典範。 本文的研究動機便在探討這個曾經動盪不安的地區，如何透過六個會員國（印尼、馬 來西亞、菲律賓、新加坡、泰國、汶萊）之間的合作，對內追求現代化，對外以集體 力量，追求現代化。其次，最近兩年我國商人前往東協地區投資金額日益增多；但是 ，一般人士卻對東協這個組織較陌生，本文便在探討這個組織的外交與經濟合作，以 增加本國人士對東協動向的了解。 本文共分七章，二十六節，約十萬字。 探討的時間限制在一九七五年至一九八七年。 第一章：前言。描述東南亞概況。本文研究動機及研究方法。 第二章：各國外交政策。介紹六個會員國的外交政策，尤其著重其在一九七○年外交 政策的轉變，對區域主義的態度。 第三章：東南亞區域組織的歷史。介紹一九四五年以後，東南亞區域組織的發展，以 及東協的組織特色。 第四章：東協與區協安全。東協在處理其區域安全的態度。同時，討論八十年代的三 大問題，柬埔寨問題、非核區問題及菲國美軍基地問題。 第五章：東協的對外關係。介紹東協與其對話夥伴的關係，與中共、蘇聯的關係。另 外是東協在新國際經濟秩序中的表現及太平洋共同體的態度。 第六章：東協的經濟合作。介紹東協經濟的發展，合作的情況，以及「自由貿易」的 構想。 第七章：結論。以區域整合理論的來檢討東協區域整合的情形及缺點。並探討東協發 展的兩大關鍵：戰略觀點及對經濟合作的認知。

The goal of this dissertation was to explore the key factors and managerial mechanisms that influence performance of inter-organizational collaborative teams. Specifically, this research addressed five key constructs: inter-organizational collaboration relationships, project characteristics, team process, managerial mechanisms, and team performance of inter-organizational collaborative teams. Data for this study was collected via semi-structured interviews within two stages. In the first stage, interviews were done with the executives, focusing on the inter-organizational relationships, managerial mechanisms and the performance of the inter-organizational collaborative team from strategic perspectives. The next stage involved with interviews with the team members to collect the information regarding team process more thoroughly. The results suggested that (1) Inter-organizational relationships positively affect the inter-organizational team process. (2) Project Characteristics also play a role in the team process of inter-organizational collaboration. (3) Inter-organizational team process have positively influence on the performance of inter-organizational collaborative teams. (4) Managerial mechanisms, such as mutual learning, and organizational culture, also have influences on the team process and team performance of inter-organizational collaborative teams. However, we had few findings about the team incentives program or any other formal mechanisms that promote the team process and team performance.

近年來，在全球化市場競爭之衝擊下，企業競爭日益激烈，誰能較早取得關鍵技術，並將之轉化為公司內部的技術能力，將是一個公司開拓或保有市場的一項關鍵因素；對那些知識及技術本位的企業，更是如此。然而，在如此激烈競爭的環境中，為求快速、正確且有效率的取得技術知識，已無法由企業內部獨自完成。據此，尋求外部的技術知識來源已是企業決策者所必須正視的課題。 因此，就國內的企業研究環境而言，如何運用產學合作機能，利用學校與企業資源，雙方在合作上發揮科技資源整合互補效應，以減少學校基礎研究與企業應用研究之間的差距。不過，為何在同一個研究單位，執行技術移轉的績效成果有顯著的差異。什麼是產學績效的評定標準、什麼是它影響技術移轉執行的顯著因子、它們之間的關係如何？本研究討論主軸專注在專案技術移轉執行過程。 目前國內及國外對於產學合作的相關研究很多，有些學者對於產學合作的機制、動機、合作成效、關鍵成功因素作討論；也有些學者針對某特定區域中的產學合作現況作研究，但是研究方向大多以學校的角度評估產學合作的績效，很少看到以公司研究單位的角度來了解影響因子。因而，由公司端探究企業影響產學合作執行績效的要素，也是本研究另一個特色。 希望藉由影響執行過程的因素和績效這兩個構面，所產生的問題，逐一的討論，希望能了解這些因子的因果關係。在未來產學合作專案中，加強做好不足的地方。使合作的結果更加理想。 / In recent years, it’s a key factor for a company to develop or to keep market by getting a core technology earlier and converting it into a company’s internal technical competence. Such scenario is also applied for those enterprises which are knowledge and technology -oriented. However, it is very difficult for an enterprise alone to get a core technology promptly, correctly and efficiently under highly competitive environment. Therefore, seeking outer source of technical knowledge is an essential lesson for an entrepreneur. As for domestic setting of enterprise’s research, it is important to shorten the gap between academic theoretical research and industrial applied research through integrating technical resources from both university and enterprise to obtain compensatory effects for each other on the cooperative basis. However, there is an obvious discrepancy on the performance of executing technical transfer in the same research unit. What are the criteria for evaluating industrial performance and academic one? What are the obvious factors which affect execution of technical transfer? And what are their relationships? This research focuses on the executive process of technical transfer. There are many domestic and foreign researches done on the topic of cooperation between the industry and the academy. Some scholars have discussed about the system, motive, result and key successful factor of the cooperation between the industry and the academy. Some other scholars have done research on present situation of cooperation between the industry and the academy in certain area, but many researches have been done in the academic way of evaluating performance of cooperation between the industry and the academy. Fewer researches have been done in the industrial way of estimating the influential factors. Another special feature of this research is the executive performance of cooperation between the industry and the academy could be affected by the industry. I hope those problems caused by the factors which affect the executive process and its performance can be discussed individually, and the relationship between cause and effect can be understood properly. Also, I wish I can do well in those areas needed to be enhanced in the future project of cooperation between the industry and the academy, and make it better for the result of such cooperation.

本論文探討台灣與大陸的金融合作發展。中國大陸本來實行計劃經濟體制，1978年開始進行改革開放。2001 年中國加入WTO之後，逐漸在金融、保險業、期貨業、銀行業對外開放。在這個過程中，台灣與大陸的金融合作日益緊密。2009年以來，台灣與大陸連續簽署了「海峽兩岸金融合作協議」、「兩岸金融監理備忘錄」（Memorandum of Understanding, MOU）、「兩岸經濟合作架構協議」（Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, ECFA）等。本論文依序分析了中國大陸的金融市場本質和改革狀況，以及目前中國大陸金融體系所存在的機會與缺點。此外，本論文也探討了兩岸金融合作的發展進程，特別是在簽署MOU和ECFA之後，將對台灣金融業所帶來的影響。 關鍵字：中國大陸金融市場、兩岸金融合作、兩岸金融監理備忘錄、兩岸經濟合作架構協議 / This dissertation discussed the financial cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China. After joining the WTO in 2001, the financial cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China is getting closer. Since 2009, Taiwan and mainland China signed “Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement” (ECFA) and “Memorandum of Understanding” (MOU). Furthermore, the Chinese financial market is relatively slow industries, financial institutions stationed after the impact is inevitable. This research analyzed the trend of the efficiency change before and after signing MOU and ECFA. Keywords: China financial market; Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement; The financial cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China; Memorandum of Understanding

冷戰結束後，全球化成為世界趨勢。全球化帶來經濟的繁榮與發展，但同時也便利了組織犯罪活動的擴張，升高了國際犯罪率，其中毒品走私即為最具代表性組織犯罪類型。毒品危害世界已有半世紀之久，儘管在國際組織及各國共同努力防制下，毒品問題卻仍持續升高，根據「聯合國毒品控制和犯罪預防辦公室」(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)2006年全球毒品報告指出，全球毒品濫用人數高達2億人，占世界15-64歲人口之5%。另據統計，國際間非法毒品走私日趨熱絡，其交易金額亦逐年上升，進入21世紀後全球毒品每年交易金額高達八千億至一兆美元，與全球武器交易金額相差無幾，顯見在全球化的趨勢下，毒品犯罪活動逐漸國際化、組織化、專業化、智慧化，並造成全球毒品泛濫的加遽。 在全球化時代下，亞洲毒品犯罪也更形嚴峻，其中以中國大陸毒品犯罪成長最快速，同樣我國毒害亦升高。臺灣地區毒品犯罪於90年代逐漸嚴重，主要濫用的毒品種類為海洛因及甲基安非他命，1993年臺灣因毒品犯罪進入高峰期而正式「向毒品宣戰」，之後毒品問題明顯下降，惟在反毒十餘年後，毒品犯罪又見升高，特別是近年來新興合成類毒品(搖頭丸、K他命、FM2等)的出現，使毒品種類更多元化，犯罪更複雜化，而毒品快速的泛濫已造成國家、社會安全重大危害。中國大陸自1996年起即成為台灣地區海洛因等毒品的主要來源地，隨著全球化的發展，大陸地區已成為毒品重要的生產、轉運及輸出國。而當今兩岸交流快速增加，人民往來日益密切，隨著兩岸加入WTO及開放小三通、觀光等措施，販毒集團更容易活動，致兩岸毒品犯罪也面臨更嚴厲的挑戰。 有鑒於毒品犯罪日益升高，臺灣地區復於2004年宣布，將2005年至2008年定為「全國反毒作戰年」，再次全面向毒品宣戰。儘管如此，以國內現行查緝毒品的制度、資源及相關法令等，能否與全球化下國際販毒趨勢潮流或者是販毒集團相抗衡，令人懷疑。特別是在我國毒品問題占有非常重要部分的兩岸毒品犯罪，迄今兩岸間尚未建立任何合作機制，致完全無法有效遏止日益升高的兩岸毒品走私活動，及剷除跨境販毒集團。鑒此；如何健全國內緝毒機制、整合資源、提昇緝毒技能等，以及如何強化國際及兩岸合作關係，積極發揮國內「拔根」、國際、兩岸「斷源」的相輔相成效果，以遏止國內毒品氾濫趨勢，實為當務之急。 關鍵字：全球化、毒品走私、毒品犯罪、合成毒品、緝毒工作、兩岸緝毒 合作、國際緝毒合作 / After the Cold War, globalization has become an international trend. Globalization brings economic prosperity and development. However, it also assists the expansion of organized crime and increases the international crime rate. Among all the different types of organized crime, drug smuggling is the most representative of this. Drugs have been a major problem in the world and have threatened society for more than half a century. Although international organizations and governments in different countries have worked together to prevent drug trafficking, the problem is still getting worse. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s report in 2006, up to 200 million people, which was about 5% of the world population aged between 15 and 64, abused drugs. According to a statistical data, the crime rate of illegal drug smuggling in the world has risen, and amount of drugs sold has increased year by year. In the 21st century, the total amount of drugs sold in the world is up to USD.800 billion to USD.1 trillion every year, which is not different than amount of the international trade of weapons. It is obvious that under the trend of globalization, drug trafficking has become more international, organized, professional and technical. In addition, the flooding of drugs internationally has become more and more serious. In the age of globalization, the problem of drug crime in Asia is getting more and more serious. Among all the Asian countries, the related crime rate in China has increased most rapidly. In Taiwan, the crime rate also has increased. The problem has been getting worse in Taiwan since the 1990s. Heroin and methamphetamine were the most commonly abused drugs in the 1990s. In 1993, the Taiwan government declared a war against drug trafficking because of the high peak in the crime rate. Afterwards, the problem improved noticeably. However, after a decade of the anti-drug campaign, the problem got serious again. Recently, the appearance of newly synthetic drugs (such as MDMA, ketamine and FM2) has caused a great diversity of drugs to spring up and the result has been a corresponding increase in the complexity of related crimes. The flooding of drugs at a fast pace has already endangered the country and the society as a whole tremendously. Since 1996, Mainland China has become the main supplier of heroin to Taiwan. Owing to the trend of globalization, China has also become the main country producing, transporting and exporting drugs in the world. At present, dealings and contacts between Taiwan and China have become more frequent, and has led to some significant changes across the strait. Some of these changes include membership in the WTO, the development of trade links (the mini three links), and the development of tourism between Taiwan and China. These factors have made it easier for drug gangs to smuggle drugs back and forth between the two countries. This has made it more challenging for authorities in dealing with the rise in drug trafficking. Respecting the fact that drug trafficking is getting more and more serious in Taiwan in recent years, the Taiwan Government announced in 2004 that from 2005 to 2008 would be the “Years to fight drugs nationally”. It also declared a war against drugs once again. Still, whether or not the current drug inspecting system, resources, and related laws in Taiwan can match against international drug smuggling trend is still questionable. Especially when it comes to the issues of drug smuggling between China and Taiwan, which is an important part of the drug problem in Taiwan, there is still no cooperative mechanism across the strait. Therefore, there is still no effective way to stop the crime rate from rising and to eradicate cross-border drug gangs. In lieu of this, how to improve the anti-drug mechanism is a serious issue. Some suggestions have been to combine different resources, and enhance skills of the drug enforcement units in Taiwan, as well as to promote international cooperation between Taiwan and China are necessary so that the drug trafficking problem can be solved and the supply of drugs from other countries can be stopped at the same time. Key words: Globalization, drug smuggling, drug trafficking, drug gangs, synthetic drugs, drug enforcement, drug enforcement cooperation across the strait, international drug enforcement cooperation

根據KPMG的研究顯示(2014)，生技製藥廠商間的合作是產業發展的趨勢，但合作的目的已經從原先的降低成本，發展到加速創新的產生。眾多國際製藥公司已經與外部夥伴進行合作，其中合作研發最能發揮合作夥伴間的效用，越緊密的合作越能使得合作網絡中多樣化的技術、能力結合，從而增強對於未被滿足醫療需求的理解。由此可見，跨國研發合作成為全球生技製藥廠商的企業策略。過去已有許多學者研究我國科技產業與國際廠商之研發合作，但甚少探究生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商間的研發合作。 本研究選定具有跨國研發合作豐富經驗的台灣生技製藥廠商為研究對象，探討其企業策略、核心能力及跨國研發動機如何影響跨國研發合作的管理。本研究從跨國研發合作影響因子以及跨國研發合作管理之內容兩個構面探討台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商進行研發合作的互動關係。研究方法採取多重個案研究法，文獻探討部分包含生技製藥產業、企業策略與核心能力、國際研發合作、合作夥伴篩選因素、知識移轉與智財管理，研究者結合研究問題與文獻回顧導出觀念性研究架構，再依研究架構為主軸進行個案訪談與資料收集，實地深入訪談我國兩家生技製藥廠商，得出以下結論： 本研究發現，台灣生技製藥廠商與國際生技製藥廠商研進行發合作的動機一致，為降低及分散風險、分攤固定成本、技術與資源的互補與移轉、夥伴間營運策略的互補與相容性。篩選合作夥伴的主要考量也大致相同，包含資源及技術的互補、過往合作經驗、夥伴間營運策略的互補及相容性及財務能力。另外核心技術能力會影響台灣生技製藥廠商與合作夥伴合作起始的階段，研發合作起始階段的差異，更會影響知識移轉機制、以及合作方式的不同。另外，本研究也發現到，台灣生技製藥廠商在國際合作夥伴上的選擇會以不具直接競爭關係者為主，且與合作夥伴選擇以營業秘密的方式來保護技術知識。 / According to the research of KPMG in 2014, R&D collaboration between biopharmaceutical firms is the trend of biopharmaceutical industry. Under the circumstance of globalization, product life-cycles are gradually shortening. The purpose of R&D collaboration change from cost reduction to speeding up innovation. Therefore, multinational R&D collaboration has become a global business strategy for biopharmaceutical firms. Most of the past studies of multinational R&D collaboration focus on ICT industry in Taiwan. Few specially investigate biopharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a research gap can be found as multinational R&D collaborating between biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and biopharmaceutical firms of other countries. This research focus on the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan, explore how multinational R&D collaboration influence factors (business strategy, core competencies and the motivation of multinational R&D collaboration) affect multinational R&D collaboration management of firms. This research adopts two biopharmaceutical firms in Taiwan as case studies and conducts interviews with managers to understand multinational R&D collaboration influence factors and multinational R&D collaboration management. The conclusions of this research are as below: This research finds out that the motivations of multinational R&D collaboration of Taiwan firms are coincident, including cost reduction, diversification of risk, resources and technologies complementarity. The evaluations of partner selecting are also coincident, including resources and technologies complementarity, collaboration experience, operating strategy complementarity and financial capability. In addition, core competencies may affect the initiation stage of R&D collaboration and the initiation stage of R&D collaboration may affect the mechanisms of knowledge transfer and the way of multinational collaboration. Moreover, this research also found out that the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan might primarily choose to collaborate with international partners who have indirect competitive relationship with them. Last, the biopharmaceutical firms of Taiwan and their partners protect their intellectual property in the way of trade secret.