本研究主要目的在探討2010年台北市長大選，台北市女性選民個人社會背景特徵、投票取向因素及投票行為，並分析影響台北市女性選民投票行為的最重要因素。 本研究採用二手資料分析法，資料係採自2009年至2012年「台灣選舉與民主化調查」三年期研究規劃（2/3）：民國九十九年直轄市市長選舉面訪案(TEDS 2010C): NSC 99-2420-H-031-002，使用次數分配（Frequencies）、卡方檢定（Chi-square test）、t檢定（t-test）及變異數分析（Analysis of variance, ANOVA）及洛基迴歸模型（Logistic Regression Model）等統計方法分析資料並詮釋之。 經統計分析後主要研究發現： 一、本研究發現台北市選民在政治知識、政黨認同、候選人評價、所重視議題誰最能代表、市長施政滿意度等投票取向上，女性與男性選民有差異性。但在投票抉擇上，男女都是投給郝龍斌最多，只是比例上有差異；而政黨認同及候選人評價差距等二項變項，皆為影響台北市女性選民及男性選民投票行為的主要因素。 二、就全體受訪台北市女性選民而言，本研究所提出的省籍、收入、族群認同、政黨認同、候選人評價差距、候選人情感溫度計、所重視議題誰最能代表、整體市長施政滿意度及綜合各項施政滿意度等變項，個別單獨與投票行為進行分析均達統計上的顯著關聯性，可見上述變項皆有可能影響台北市女性選民的投票行為。將諸多變項一同納入模型比較其相對影響力時，發現「政黨認同」及「候選人評價差距」等二項變項最具影響力。 三、台北市女性選民的省籍、收入、族群認同等人口學的變項，個別與其投票行為均有顯著的關聯性，但經與其他社會心理學的變項，例如政黨認同、候選人評價等，以洛基迴歸模型進行相對影響力分析，發現這些變項顯然不如社會心理學的變項來得有顯著性。因此，密西根學派所提出的社會心理學研究途徑，相較於哥倫比亞學派所提出的社會學研究途徑，對台北市女性選民的投票行為更具有解釋力或預測力。 / This study aimed to explore the social background characteristics, voting orientations, and voting behavior of female voters in Taipei City during the 2010 Taipei Mayoral Election and analyze the most important factors which influenced the voting behavior of female voters in Taipei City. The analysis method adopted by this study was the secondary analysis. The data were retrieved from the “Taiwan’s Election and Democratization Study” of a 3-year research project from 2009 to 2012 (2/3): The Survey Project of 2010 Municipal Mayoral Election (TEDS 2010C): NSC 99-2420-H-031-002. Statistical analysis methods such as frequencies, Chi-square test, t-test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression model were applied to the data and the results were interpreted. After the statistical analyses were performed, the findings are summarized below: 1. Female and male voters in Taipei City were different in political knowledge, party identification, candidate evaluation, which candidate can represent the voters concerned issue, and satisfaction of mayoral’s performance. However, in the aspect of whom to vote, both male and female voters mostly voted for Lung-bin Hau, though with different percentages. The key factors which influenced the voting behavior of female and male voters in Taipei City included two variables: party identification and candidate evaluation. 2. For the interviewed female voters in Taipei City, variables proposed by this study, including province of origin, income, ethnic group identification, party identification, candidate evaluation difference, candidate feeling thermometer, which candidate can represent the voter’s concerned issue, satisfaction of mayoral’s performance, were all significantly related to their voting behavior respectively. In other words, these variables could influence the voting behavior of female voters in Taipei City. After including these variables in the same model to compare their relative influences, it was found that the two most influential variables were “party identification” and “candidate evaluation difference”. 3. For the female voters in Taipei City, the demographic variables such as province of origin, income, and ethnic group identification were significantly related to their voting behavior respectively. However, compared with other social psychological variables like party identification, and candidate evaluation, these demographic variables were not as significant according to the results of the influence analysis using the logistic regression model. Therefore, the social psychological approach proposed by the Michigan School was better than the sociological approach proposed by the Columbia School in explanatory power and prediction power of the voting behavior of female voters in Taipei City.

本稿では、日本の高学歴女性の就業率がOECD諸国の平均就業率より低い(OECD 2014)原因を数量分析により検証した。本稿は、「母親が就業していると子どもの育児・教育が十分にできないのではないかという不安感が高学歴の母親にある」ことが日本の高学歴女性の就業率に影響しているという仮説を立てた。分析の結果、「子どもの育児・教育のために就業しない」人の中には、高学歴の母親の割合が高いことが検証された。 / The employment rate of highly educated Japanese women is below the average for OECD countries (OECD 2014). Here, I investigated the reason for this by conducting a quantitative analysis to examine the following hypothesis: Highly educated mothers are anxious that, if they become employed, they will be unable to provide sufficient childcare and education for their child. The analysis revealed that highly educated women accounted for a large proportion of women who were not employed in order to prioritize child care and education. / 博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

This thesis examines how themes about migrant workers, especially women migrant workers are depicted in the two films The world, Shijie 世界 (2004), directed by Jia Zhangke 贾樟柯 and Angels wear white, Jianianhua 嘉年华 (2017), directed by Vivian Qu, also called Wen Yan 文言. In the background of the thesis the subjects hukou 户口, the system of household registration; the floating population, liudong renkou 流动人口, the people who are not living at the place where they are registered at, according to the hukou system and black hukou, heihu 黑户, the people who lack hukou altogether are discussed. The methods used in the thesis are a qualitative thematic analysis and semiotics. The theories that are the basis of the analysis are Laura Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze, Emirbayer and Mische’s concept of agency and Steven Lukes’s concept of power.    The themes that are explored in this thesis are work, accommodation, the ID card and the passport, the commodification of the female body and women who are sex workers, the female virginity, violence as well as symbols and role models. Both films show that a person’s status as a migrant worker who is lacking an ID card or as a migrant worker who has their hukou elsewhere determines the living conditions of the person in China. Angels Wear White depicts how being in possession of an ID card or not affects whether you get access to healthcare, work opportunities and your housing situation. In The World poor living conditions for the migrant workers are depicted. Both films show differences between the sexes, where women are treated as object of male desire and the female body becomes an object that can be bought by means of money or services. The female’s virginity before marriage is valued greatly, which affects the young women migrants’ experiences in the film.    Some symbols that appear in the film are the white dress, that symbolizes a female ideal, the ID card and the passport that are symbols of social as well as physical mobility in Chinese society, lastly the theme park is a symbol of the dreams and desires that are being shaped in contemporary China.   Keywords: “the floating population”, “hukou”, “female migrant workers”, “The World”, “Angels Wear White” / Den här uppsatsen undersöker vilka teman kring migrantarbetare, särskilt kvinnliga migrantarbetare skildras i the två filmerna The world, Shijie, 世界 (2004), regisserad av Jia Zhangke 贾樟柯och Angels wear white, Jianianhua嘉年华 (2017), regisserad av Vivian Qu också kallade Wen Yan 文言. I bakgrunden beskrivs bland annat hushållsregistreringssystemet hukou 户口; den flytande befolkningen liudong renkou 流动人口, de personer i Kina som inte bor på den plats som de är registrerade på enligt hukou-systemet samt heihu 黑户, svart hukou, de personer som helt saknar hukou.     Metoden för studien är en kvalitativ filmanalys som grundar sig på en tematisk analys och semiotiken. Teorier som används i analysen är Laura Mulveys teori om den manliga blicken, Emirbayer och Misches begrepp som beskriver agens samt Steven Lukes maktbegrepp.    De teman som behandlas i uppsatsen är jobb, boende, id-kortet och passet, kommodifiering av kroppen och kvinnor som säljer sex, den kvinnliga oskulden, våld samt symboler och förebilder. De båda filmerna skildrar hur en persons status som migrantarbetare utan hukou eller status som migrantarbetare med hukou på en annan plats påverkar personens levnadsvillkor i Kina. I Angels wear white skildras hur id-kortet eller avsaknaden av id-kortet påverkar möjligheten att uppsöka vård, möjligheterna till anställning och boende. Även i The world har migrantarbetarna erfarenheter av boenden som är undermåliga. I båda filmerna uppvisas skillnader mellan könen, där kvinnor blir objekt för manlig åtrå och där det finns exempel på när den kvinnans kropp och sexualitet blir en vara som kan köpas med pengar och tjänster. Kvinnans oskuld innan äktenskapet värderas högt, vilket påverkar de unga kvinnliga migrantarbetarnas erfarenheter i de två filmerna.     Flera symboler framträder i filmerna, den vita klänningen fungerar som en symbol för kvinnoideal, id-kortet såväl som passet fungerar som symboler för social och fysisk rörlighet i det kinesiska samhället och temaparken blir en symbol för de begär och drömmar som formas i Kinas samtid.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:13610505 研究代表者:高橋 亨 研究期間:2001-2003年度

言論分級的辦法，特別是與性有關的言論分級，往往持著「保護未成年人」的立場落實於政策中。將這種對未成年人的言論限制手段，透過個人道德的論述，建構成一個對於未成年人之人格及人身安全的保護措施。然而在這個巧妙的論述之下，卻掩蓋不住底下騷動不已的權力角逐。 回顧二十世紀八○年代的反色情女性主義論述，麥金儂直接指出「色情」的問題從來就不只是一個道德問題，而是關於政治、關於權力、關於社會結構的問題。事實是，種種對於未成年人可以接觸的資訊、言論施加之限制，也從來都不只是道德問題，而是（如女性主義者尖銳而正確的見解指出的）一個關於政治、權力、結構的問題。言論不只是意見，言論是具有能動性（agency）的。麥金儂表示言論對於社會現實的建構有著莫大的影響力，藍騰更使用奧斯汀的行動（performativity）理論來說明言論的能力。而巴特勒儘管在結論上反對反色情女性主義推動言論管制，卻也是基於肯定言論的行動力，對於言論管制往往剝奪傷害性言論的受害者在言說場域裡能夠自我賦權的機會，更透過公權力對此類言論與歧視結構的肯認，而有強化這個受害者結構的危機。 我將從巴特勒對言論管制手段的批判，以及對於如何透過言說關係的再利用，來試圖顛覆既有的權力關係。現有的所謂「保護」未成年人之言論限制政策，其實一方面是鞏固成年人對未成年人之權力關係，另一方面也是將未成年人的教育視為成年人彼此爭奪權力的場域。我將論證言論的管制策略不僅無法達到「保護」的效果，更是對未成年人之主體性建立的直接傷害：如果言論有建構社會結構，以及建構主體在社會結構中的位置之能力，剝奪這項能力，就是在剝奪未成年人透過性言論與現實世界進行交互辯證的能力，並剝奪其建立以及發展自我主體性之重要工具。