本研究的主要目的是透過「用後評估」、「使用方式調查」的研究方法，探究國民小學辦公室與教師使用行為間的關係，經由對相關文獻的探討及運用行政資料調查、問卷調查、觀察、訪談等研究方法，對國民小學辦公室配置及配合教師使用行為的空間提供，提出辦公室空間規劃的分析，並就研究發現提出結論與建議。 　　本研究發現國民小學辦公室的配置形態，仍以傳統的集中式辦公室為主，為求發現不同型態度辦公室空間使用的問題，本研究選擇五所學校做個案調查，研究結果說明如下： 　　一、辦公室的配置型態的影響因素： 　　　　國民小學設備標準、建築經費核撥方式、（教育行政）主事者觀念、校地面積與學校規模是主要的影響因素。 　　二、辦公室空間使用現況： 　　　（一）班級教室因為空間有限，學生人數多，教師能使用的空間很小，不是理想的級任教師辦公空間。 　　　（二）目前國民小學辦公室是學校行政管理中心，各項教師會議、研習等活動在此舉行，同時也是都是教師工作、休憩、聯誼的主要空間。 　　　（三）、辦公室空間使用之現存問題：1.辦公室與教室的距離是影響教師使用的重要因素，集中式辦公室可及性低，教師使用不便；2.分辦公室設置時因為功能設計不同，（供行政使用或教師使用）教師的使用方式也不相同；3.教師希望辦公室增加休憩、提供生理必須活動空間、儲存物品、公務處理等機能，並增加休閒及辦公設備；4.教師希望增設學年辦公室、教師準備室等使用空間。 　　三、辦公室空間規劃與提供之分析： 　　　（一）、學校行政管理空間之提供：辦公室為「學校行政管理空間」、「校內會議空間」、「教師研習空間」、「教師接見訪客空間」。 　　　（二）、教師工作空間之提供：辦公室是教師作「教學研究與準備的空間」、「學生之照顧與個別輔導的空間」、「披改作業與儲存物品的空間」。 　　　（三）、教師休憩、聯誼空間之提供：辦公室是教師在課間休息時間、科任課時間的休憩空間，應重視教師聯誼活動空間之規劃。 　　　（四）、教師生理必須活動空間之提供：教師之午餐、午休、飲水、上廁所等問題應於規劃辦公室空間時妥善處理。 　　四、研究建議 　　　（一）、對教育行政機關之建議：對有關國民小學辦公室之法令規章進行檢討、改變經費核撥方式。 　　　（二）、對國民小學學校行政的建議：配合學校規模及教師使用辦公室之習慣規劃辦公室配置方式，妥善運用空餘校舍及空間規劃教師辦公室，經費及資源的應用以滿足教師需求為優先。 　　　（三）、對進一步研究的建議是擴大研究的範圍，包括擴大研究地區和擴及其他的學校建築空間。 / The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between school office and ways of teacher' employment through such methods as post-occupancy-evaluation and investigation on occupancy style at elementary school. After the research on related topics, adminisitrative documents, and series questionare, observation, and interview, I hope to analyze the planning of school office at elementary school in terms of the arrangement of administrative center and teachers' habit. It is also my aim to make some suggestion at the end of this thesis. 　　Most of the elementary school arrange and employ school office in conventional way--administrative center in wicth all teaching staff work together. To understand the different use of teaching office, I choose five schools for case study in my research, and the following is the outcome of my study: 　　1.Elements influencing the arrangement of school office 　　Such elements as Equipment Standards at Elementary School, the ways of appropriation and payment for school building, the notion of educational administrator, campus, and the pattern of school are the main essentail elements. 　　2.The status quo of using school office 　　　(1).Classroom is not the ideal sqace for teacher to deal with administrative affairs since there are too many students in a small room. 　　　(2).Currdnt school office is not only the center of administion but also the place in which teachers wrok, rest, and exchange information. It is also the place where all meeting and teaching activities take place. 　　　(3).Current problems in the using of school office are: (a)The distance between teaching office and classroom influences teachers' clination to use school office; it causes great inconvenience for teachers to wowk in a centerred office. (b)The difference in designing sub-office for various function leads to different way of teachers' employment. (c)Teachers hope that school office have enough room for rest, necessary physical action, storage,and handing administrative affairs. They expect more equipment for entertainment and more material for adminis-trative need. (d)Teachers also hope the establishment of grade office and teacher's office and teacher's preparatory room. 　　3.Planning and analyzing the space of school office 　　　(1).providing space for administrative management: 　　　　　Define school office as "sapce of administrative management","space for school meeting","space for teacher's study",and'' space for school teacher to receive visitor." 　　　(2).providing working space for teachers: 　　　　　School office is"the space for research and teaching preparatory","the space for individual student's guidance and garding", and "the space for strage and correcting students'assignment. 　　　(3).providing teachers with space for rest and entertainment: 　　　　　School office is the place for teacher to rest at intermission or at leisure. The administrative authority should pay more attention to the planning of space for teacher' intercourse. 　　　(4).providing teachers with space for necessary physical action: 　　　　　Such problems as the place for lunch and intermission, the supply-ing of water, and the location of toilet should be considered thoroughly while planning school office. 　　4.Suggestions 　　　(1).to educational administrative authorty: 　　　　　The administrative authority should examine current regulations and codes, codes, improve the way of appropriation. 　　　(2).to the administration of elementary school: 　　　　　School administrative staff should design the location of school office in accordance with the pattern of school and the habit of teachers, and make the best use of vacant building and office while planning teachers' office. The employment of fund and resourses should satisfy teachers' need first. 　　　(3).to further study: 　　　　　Study on the situation of more area and other function of school building (such as specific classroom and library ) should be made.

國立政治大學教育學系九十二年度碩士論文摘要 論文名稱：桃園縣新設國民中小學籌建問題之研究 指導教授：湯志民博士 研究生：許黎琴 本研究的主要目的在探討桃園縣新設國中小在籌建時的員額編制、經費編列、籌建期程和建築師評選等問題，並分析新設校的特色及學生使用的滿意度，以為教育行政機關、學校行政人員及未來研究者之參考。本研究以桃園縣7所國中小為對象，進行觀察、訪談和問卷調查，並設計「桃園縣新設國民中小學籌建問題訪談表」，「桃園縣新設國民中小學學生使用情形調查問卷」兩種研究工具進行相關資料的蒐集。在觀察方面，依據相關文獻分析具有學校建築規劃特色的17所國中小作為觀察對象進行觀察，觀察過程中使用數位相機進行資料的蒐集。訪談對象包括7所研究學校的校長，總計對9位受訪者進行訪談，並從3所國小和3所國中合計6所學校抽樣國小5、6年級698位學生和國中1、2年級532位學生合計1,230位學生進行問卷調查，經研究發現： 一、桃園縣新設校超過半數以分校的方式成立，兼職的籌備主任（校長）負責新設校的籌備工作，只有總務主任是專任的編制，大多校長認為員額比較少；籌備人員之學校建築專業素養也有待提昇。 二、桃園縣新設校經費的主要來源是教育部的補助款，而經費編列的方式以整體規劃，分年度編列預算的學校佔大多數。 三、桃園縣新設校總經費是807,279萬元，平均設校經費約為23,000萬，尚屬合理。 四、桃園縣新設校的籌建期程大多數能在3年內完成，而造成期程延宕的主要原因是校地的取得和設校經費沒有著落，其它還包括地上物處理、變更設計、水土保持計劃等因素而無法如期完成。 五、桃園縣新設校透過公開評選產生建築師，評選委員涵蓋建築專業與非建築專業，同時考量建築師的實務經驗，委託設計的服務費率約為3.0%-3.4%。 六、桃園縣新設校特色的共通點是校園規劃由局部性的設計邁向整體性的配置，桃園縣新設校不僅配合桃園縣都市計劃及發展當地自然和社會景觀以及學校地形地勢，並融入教育理念，使其空間配置、動線規劃、造型和色彩均能展現特色和效用，整體規劃學校建築的形式、材質、造型和色彩。 七、桃園縣新設校校長對新設校使用情形的意見，認為依教學機能區分的校園規劃，提供師生寧靜的學習空間，教室的配置也以教學為考量。利用科技的教學、前瞻性的設計，以因應未來教學需要。 八、桃園縣新設校學生對學校建築各部分滿意度，得分最高的是視聽教室，得分最低的是附屬設施設備；學生對學校建築滿意度，大致滿意。 根據研究結果發現，研究者提出下列幾點建議： 一、設校的籌備處應編列專任的籌備人員約3至5人，較為合理；有關師資養成、教師進修和相關儲訓的課程，酌增學校建築實務的修習時數，以提昇教育人員學校建築的專業素養。 二、教育部對縣巿政府的國民教育經費補助，維持經年長期的穩定補助，提升教育環境品質，以縮短城鄉的差距。 三、縣市政府應主動積極協助新設校解決相關問題，以排除籌建的困難，才能在期程內完成。 四、縣市政府對於新設校建築師的服務費率，以宜蘭縣為指標，在財政充裕情況下，酌予適度調增，讓更多建築師樂意投入新設校的學校建築行列。 五、普通教室是學生學習活動中最重要的學校建築，除了妥善規劃空間外，充實教學設備才能滿足學生的需求。 六、縣市政府宜成立新設校籌建輔導團，提供諮詢，協助解決困難。 七、縣市政府對新設校的籌備人員，宜從優敘獎，以激勵其服務士氣。 八、對未來相關研究的建議，分述以下幾點： (一)研究對象方面 本研究主要以桃園縣7所新設國中小為研究對象，並未包括桃園縣全部新設學校，在研究結果解釋上難獲得普遍意見，未來研究者可以83至88學年度全部新設學校當作研究對象。 (二)研究內容方面 在未來研究上，可嘗試以不同的觀點、不同的專業切入，建立「行政」、「技術」及「使用」三部分，擴展研究向度，使研究內容更完整。 (三)研究方法方面 在訪談方面，本研究以訪談為主要研究方法，並輔以問卷調查法和觀察法，未來訪談時，訪談過程和內容的結構性酌予加強。本研究僅以新設校學生作為問卷調查對象，如果時間、人力、經費充裕，應該輔以研究訪問等方式，才能深入了解對新設校的意見。在觀察方面，未來宜以長時間觀察，才能通盤瞭解。 (四)研究結果方面 本研究採用訪談法，被訪談者頗能侃侃而談，但是無法避免自我期許的效應而避談某些敏感課題。因此，為了降低誤差的存在，有的學校訪談的次數酌予增加。 / STUDY ON THE PROBLEM CONCERNING THE PREPARATION OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BUILDING IN TAOYUAN COUNTY Advisor: Dr. Chi-Min, Tang Advisee: Li-Chin Hsu The major point of this study is to explore the problems concerning personnel organization, allocation of budget, duration of preparation and construction, and the selection of architects in the newly established elementary schools in Taoyuan County. Moreover, the project analyzes the new schools’ characteristics and the students’ degree of satisfaction, for the reference of education administration institutions, administrative personnel at schools, and future researchers. This project regards 7 elementary schools as the target of the study, by means of observation, interview, and questionnaire. Through the design of two research tools “Interview Records concerning the Preparation for Construction of New High and Elementary Schools at Taoyuan County” and “Questionnaire on the Conditions of Students’ Usage in the Newly Established High and Elementary School at Taoyuan County”, the project collected data in related areas. Concerning observation, during the observation process, a digital camera was used to collect data. The project interviewed a total of 9 interviewees, including principals from 7 research schools. Moreover, the project also questioned 698 elementary school students in grades 5 and 6, and 532 junior high school students in grade 7 and 8 from three elementary schools and 3 junior high schools for a total of 6. The research indicates: 1. More than half of Taoyuan County’s new schools were established in the manner of sub-campus, with part-time department heads (principal) responsible for the preparatory work, with only one full time employee – the Head of General Affairs. Most of the principals think that the number of personnel tends to be low and the quality of the personnel engaged in the preparatory remains to be elevated. 2. The major funding sources of the new schools at Taoyuan County come from the subsidization of the Ministry of Education. And the manner of budgeting is conducted through overall planning; meanwhile the budgets are allocated to most of the schools in a yearly manner. 3. The total budget of the new schools in Taoyuan in 80.7279 million NT Dollars; and the average funding for school buildings is 23 million NT Dollars, falls in the reasonable range. 4. The preparation and building of the new schools in Taoyuan are mostly completed within three years. Meanwhile the reasons of delay are difficulties in obtaining land and funding for the new school. Others include land property, amendment of design, water and land conservation plan, etc, Due to the abovementioned reasons the new schools cannot be built on schedule. 5. The architect for designing the new schools in Taoyuan are selected through open screening, with judges of architecture professionals and laypeople, with the major concern on the architect’s practical experience. The service fees the architect charges is about 3.0%-3.4%. 6. The common characteristic of the new schools at Taoyuan County is that: the design is done from partial design to overall allocation. The new schools in Taoyuan County comply with Taoyuan County’s urban development plan, development of local, natural, and social landscape, and the contour of the schools. They also blend education ideals, space allocation, dynamic line planning, form and colors to demonstrate their characteristics and functions, organic architectural form and overall school plan, materials, form, and color. 7. Concerning the principals opinion about the usage of the new schools at Taoyuan County, they think that the planning of the campus should be in accordance to the functions of campus planning, provision of quiet space for students’ and teachers’ use in learning, and classrooms’ decorations for teaching. They also employ technology in teaching, with progressive design, to cope with future needs. 8. Regarding the degree of satisfaction of the students concerning the new schools at Taoyuan County, the audio-visual rooms score the highest and the lowest are the auxiliary equipment. Most of the students are satisfied with the new schools. In accordance with the research, the project would like to suggest the following: 1. It is more reasonable to allocate 3 to 5 employees in the preparatory administration office. Concerning teachers’ cultivation, it would be helpful to open courses in school construction practice at the in-service and teachers’ training programs, to elevate education personnel’s knowledge regarding school architecture. 2. Concerning County and City Governments’ education funding, The Ministry of Education should maintain stable and long-term subsidization to elevate the quality of education environment, to shorten the gap between towns and cities. 3. The County and City Governments should help new schools in solving problems actively, to expel the difficulties in preparation and construction. Likewise, the construction work can be competed in a short time. 4. The County and City Governments’ percentage of service payment to the architects should take Yilan County as indicator. It is suggested that the payment should be adjusted slightly during the abundant fiscal year, allowing more architects to engage in the design of new schools. 5. Common classrooms are the students’ most essential learning places at school. In addition to a well considered plan, substantial teaching facilities can give more satisfaction to the students. 6. County and City Governments should establish new schools preparation and construction advisory groups to give advice and help solve difficulties. 7. County and City Governments should award personnel engaged in preparatory and construction work handsomely to elevate their morale. 8. Concerning future research, these are the following suggestions: A. Object of Study This project targets 7 high and elementary schools in Taoyuan as the object of the study, not including all the new schools in the area, it is difficult to obtain general opinions. Future researchers can regard all the new schools established from 1994 to 1999 for study. B. Research Contents In future study, it is possible to try different perspectives, approaching the problems from a different angle. Through the establishment of the three perspectives “administrative”, “technique”, and “usage”, it is possible to extend the dimension of study, rendering the research content more complete. C. Research Methodology Concerning interviews, this project mainly employ interview as major methodology, with questionnaires and observation as assistance tools. In future interviews, the process and structure of the interview should be intensified. The research only regards the students of new schools as objects of the questionnaire, if time, human resources, and funding are more sufficient, it should be conducted with the research interview as the auxiliary methodology, to understand the opinions concerning the new schools. Regarding observation, it is better to extend the observation duration in the future to have a fuller understanding. D. Research Result The research project employs interviews as the major methodology. The interviewees are able to talk fluently; however, self-expectation effect cannot be avoided; and they avoid talking about sensitive issues. Therefore, in order to minimize fault, it is better increase the frequency of interviews at some schools.

本論文利用實驗設計研究台灣國小二年級和五年級學童指稱式溝通行為表現。結果發現五年級學童在描述指稱物時，語句傳達較充份的訊息以區別其它非指稱物。且在指稱過程中，說話者和聽者經由交談互動共同提供訊息。說話者除了描述指稱物外，會詢問聽者是否了解他的描述，聽者除了回應說話者外，亦能在說話者無法提供充份訊息時，提出適當的問題誘出缺乏的訊息。二年級學童由於受到自我為中心的認知結構和溝通技巧尚未成熟的影響，他們的指稱語句較無法傳達充份的訊息。在指稱過程中，說話者和聽者互動較少。說話者不會詢問聽者是否了解他的描述。當說話者的訊息不充份時，聽者沒有反應或是無法提出適當的問題誘出缺乏的訊息。訊息來源大部份來自說話者，說話者自己的獨自很多。 / The thesis is to study the performance of elementary school children's referential communication in Taiwan. The second - and fifth - graders are engaged in a designed experiment. The older children' a referential phrases are found to convey more adequate information to distinguish the target referent from the other nonreferents. Both the speaker and the listener collaborate and contribute to the information adequacy. During the referential process, the speaker queries the listener's understanding of his referential description. The listener responds to the speaker's queries and requests for clarification to elicit information adequacy. Most of the referential processes are accomplished with more than two turns. Because of the egocentric cognitive structure and less developed communication skills, the younger children's referential phrases convey less adequate information. They tend to focus on the target referent without comparing it with the other nonreferents. They adopt an individual approach during the referential process. The speaker concentrates on describing the referent without querying the listener's u nderstanding. The listener concentrates on listening. When the speaker fails to provide adequate information, the listener neither requests for clarification nor knows how to propose appropriate clarification requests to elicit information adequacy. The speaker provides most the information and lots of monologues are observed.

本研究藉由文件分析、文獻分析、比較分析、歸納分析及實地訪談等研究方法，分析教師評鑑的理論基礎、教師評鑑的性質與內涵、及探究英國教師評鑑制度之發展、內涵與特色，並對我國未來建立教師評鑑制度提出具體建議。 經由上述研究，獲致以下結論： 一、教師評鑑在教育專業化的趨勢中扮演著重要的角色。 二、教師評鑑具有多元化的目的。 三、教師評鑑模式應配合評鑑目的與對象及教育發展而作彈性調整。 四、英國教師評鑑制度是逐漸發展且有其特殊背景。 五、透過立法程序是教師評鑑工作制度化的重要關鍵。 六、觀念的宣導及地方性的實驗研究是教師評鑑制度重要的前導工作。 七、周延的程序及多元的目的是順利推動教師評鑑的重要因素。 八、充分的時間與資源是教師評鑑持續推動的關鍵要素。 九 、教師評鑑不是獨立的工作而是學校整體經營的一環。 十、教師評鑑必須結合相關教育政策才能發揮相輔相成效果。 十一、我國中小學教師成績考核亟需檢討修正。 十二、英國中小學教師評鑑制度足供我國參考。 十三、 建立我國教師評鑑制度時機已趨成熟。 根據研究發現及結論，本研究從以下三方面提出建議： 一、對改進我國現行中小學教師成績考核制度缺失之建議：重新界定教師成績考核之目的；重新規範教師評鑑之範圍；建立多元化的教師成績考核方式；重新建立合適的教師成績考核程序；健全考核委員會之組織；擴大教師成績考核結果之運用；健全教師成績考核申訴制度；明定各級主管教育行政機關應有的角色。 二、對建立我國教師評鑑制度之建議：研究者提出下列五個階段，供作建立我國教師評鑑制度之參考：研議階段；宣導溝通階段；建立共識階段；法制化階段；正式實施階段。 三、對未來研究之建議：持續對先進國家教師評鑑制度進行深入探究；鼓勵學校進行教師評鑑的實驗研究；從事教師評鑑與教師專業發展、學校發展及教育品質關係的實證研究；進行教師評鑑與獎金及薪資關係的實證研究；加強現行教師成績考核制度之研究。 / By means of documents analysis, literature analysis, comparison, induction, and field work of interview, this research is aimed at investigating both the theoretic basis, the nature, and the meaning of teacher appraisal, and the development, the structure and the characteristics of British system of teacher appraisal. Furthermore, some practical suggestions are put forward for our teacher appraisal here. Conclusion 1. Teacher appraisal plays an important role in the trend of the professional ization of educational enterprise. 2. Teacher appraisal possesses multifarious purposes. 3. The mode of teacher appraisal should be flexibly modified according to the purpose, the target of educational appraisal, and the educational development. 4. The system of British teacher appraisal had developed stet by step and has its particular background. 5. The process of legalization is the key factor in the institutionalization of Teacher appraisal. 6. Both the dissemination of ideas and the regional experiments and studies are the significant prerequisites of teacher appraisal. 7. Complete and detailed procedures and multifarious goals are the key elements in the success of teacher appraisal. 8. Sufficient time and resources are important for promotion of teacher appraisal. 9. Teacher appraisal is part of, rather than independent of, the whole system of school education. 10. Teacher appraisal and educational policy should be connected with each other for the most benefits. 11. It is necessary to examine and modify our system of both middle and primary school teacher appraisal. 12. British system of middle and primary school teacher appraisal can be referred to for the improvement of ours. Suggestions 1. The suggestions about how to advance our current system of middle and primary school teacher appraisal. (1) Redefine the purpose of teacher's achievement assessment. (2) Rebuild the range of teach appraisal. (3) Establish multifarious ways of teacher achievement assessment. (4) Reproduce the suitable procedure of teacher's achievement assessment. (5) Reorganize the assessment committee. (6) Extpand the application of the consequences of teacher achievement assessment. (7) Ameliorate the appealing system of teacher's achievement assessment. (8) Specify clearly the de jure roles of educational organizations at every levels. 2. The suggestions about how to establish our system of teacher appraisal. Five steps are raised as follows: (1) The stage of planning; (2) The stage of dissemination and communiction; (3) The stage of the formation of consensus; (4) The stage of legalization; (5) The stage of implementation. 3. The suggestions for the future (1) Keep on investigating in depth the teacher appraisal systems in developed countries. (2) Encourage the school authority to take action on the experiment and studies of teacher appraisal. (3) Take up the empirical studies of the relationships among teacher appraisal, teachers' professional development, and educational quality. (4) Carry out the empirical studies of the relationship among teacher appraisal, scholarship, and pay system. (5) Strengthen the studies of the current assessment system of teachers' performance.

段玉裁為清代乾嘉學術的代表學者，對《說文解字》研究有重大貢獻。梁啟超《清代學術概論》認為「玉裁所著書，最著者曰《說文解字注》，《六書音均表》。」學界大都把研究焦點放在《說文解字注》。然而，撰寫此書前，茂堂先撰寫《詩經小學》三十卷等書。《詩經小學》三十卷一書為茂堂較前期著述，實可了解茂堂治學之基礎。然學界對於《詩經小學》三十卷一書之研究，實寥寥可數。因此，為補充學界不足，本文以《詩經小學》三十卷一書作為主要研究對象。本文的主要研究目的有三項一，通過《詩經小學》三十卷比較段玉裁相關著述意見之異同；二，比較《詩經小學》三十卷及出土《詩經》材料；三，判斷茂堂之見是否可從。本文第二章通過《詩經小學》三十卷比較《毛詩故訓傳定本小箋》、《說文解字注》校勘意見，論證茂堂校勘方面的意見並非一成不變。茂堂所論或有可取處，或有斟酌處。第三章比較《詩經小學》三十卷及《詩經小學》四卷本文字意見，發現《詩經小學》三十卷所引石鼓文往往有可商之處。第四章通過《詩經小學》三十卷比較《六書音均表》及《說文解字注》聲韻意見，探討三書聲韻意見之異同，論述各書可取及不足之處。第五章通過《詩經小學》三十卷比較《毛詩故訓傳定本小箋》、《說文解字注》訓詁意見之分歧，探討《詩經小學》三十卷一書於釋詞方面的特色。第六章比較《詩經小學》三十卷及出土《詩經》材料，分辨可取及值得斟酌之意見。最後總結《詩經小學》三十卷在段學及《詩經》學上的意義及該書不足之處。=Being one of the eminent scholars of The Qian Jia School (Qian Jia xuepai 乾嘉學派) in the Qing Dynasty, Duan Yuchai (1735-1815) makes significant contribution to the study of Shuowen jiezi (Explaining single-component graphs and analysing compound characters) and his work was highly praised by his contemporaries. Liang Qichao in his Qingdai Xueshu Gailun (Introduction to the Intellectual Trends in the Qing Period) states that “the two important books written by Yuchai are Shuowen jiezi Zhu (The Annotation on Shuowen jiezi) and Liu-shu Yin-yün Biao (The Study of the Six Categories of the Formation of traditional Chinese characters and Palaeographic Phonology). Modern scholars pay more attention to the study of Shuowen jiezi Zhu. However, Duan Yuchai first basically completed the writing of the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue prior to the completion of the work Shuowen jiezi Zhu. Duan Yuchai wrote the the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue during the early stage of his research on classical and etymological studies. By looking into this work, we can have a better understanding of Duan’s fundamental studies on the above-mentioned areas. To date, little research has been done on the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the study of the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue. There are three aims of this thesis: First, compare the similarities and the differences in terms of Duan’s palaeological principles through the study of the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue; second, compare the palaeological findings between the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue and the excavated texts of Shijing; third, criticizing Duan’s theories to see whether his point of view can be applied in our research. This thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter One is the Introduction. By studying Mao Shi Gu Xun Chuan Ding Ben Xiao Jian and Shuowen jiezi zhu with reference to the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue. Chapter Two demonstrates that Duan showed his flexibility in textual problem solving. The study of Duan’s principles on textual criticism is used for our further discussion. Chapter Three shows that the Stone Drum Inscriptions quoted in the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue require further investigation by comparing the Inscriptions used in the four and the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue. Chapter Four discusses the similarities and the differences of the three books, namely the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue, Liu-shu Yin-yün Piao and Shuowen jiezi zhu in terms of Duan’s perspectives on phonology. Chapter Five compares Duan’s views on Chinese semantics in Mao Shi Gu Xun Chuan Ding Ben Xiao Jian and Shuowen jiezi zhu with reference to the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue, exploring Duan interpreted traditional Chinese lexicons in the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue. Chapter Six distinguishes whether the theories are applicable or need further consideration by comparing the palaeological data between the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue and the excavated texts of Shijing. Chapter Seven points out the significance and shortcomings of Duan’s the thirty volumes of Shijing Xiaoxue and its value on the study of Shijing.

在全球化之今日，英語之重要性已不可同日而語，而伴隨著教育改革及教育選擇權之開放，私立雙語小學也漸漸成為家長之選擇之一，越來越多的家長放棄學區學校，開始作出私立雙語小學之選擇。為探究家長為其子女選擇私立雙語小學就讀之因，本研究先以Ajzen之計畫行為理論(Theory of Planned Behavior)為基底，根據本研究之目的，做出些微修改後擬定訪談搞，以半結構訪談方式面對面與選擇私立雙語小學家長進行晤談，之後，再以樣板式分析方法進行分析。分析之結果除了計畫行為理論之中之態度、主觀規範與行為控制知覺之外，研究者認為根據本研究之目的，應再增列學習關鍵期，故研究之結果以四大方向呈現。（一）態度：在態度方面以家長之擔憂與私立小學之對策、台灣大環境之社會問題以及家長個人之內在因素為三大影響家長選擇私立雙語小學之因，（二）主觀規範：影響家長之重要他人主要分為兩類探討之，分別為專業人士以及身邊有相關經驗之重要他人，（三）行為控制知覺：家長所持之外部資源（主要為經濟能力）與其本身之自我效能，以及（四）童年決定論：家長所關心關鍵學習期之學習議題。最後針對本研究之結果作出討論與建議，希望能透過本研究，提供台灣教育另一參考面向。 / Language ability plays an important role in the era of globalization and, instead of the schools in the school district, parents start considering bilingual schools as their educational choice for their children. The aim of this study, therefore, was to identify parental rationales for choosing bilingual schools. A qualitative case study approach was used to gain an understanding of parents’ decision-making process. The research participants were eight Taiwanese parents who made the choices of sending their children into private bilingual primary schools. The parents were interviewed by a semi-structured interview method. The interview transcripts were analyzed using template analysis based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior. The results of data analysis revealed that parents’ rationales for choosing bilingual schools were categorized in four main dimensions and smaller parts for each: (a) Attitude: the policies of private bilingual primary schools toward the concern of parents, the problems of Taiwan social environment and parents’ intrinsic negative tendency are the three main factors which impact parents’ attitude toward private bilingual primary schools (b) Subjective norms: advice from the experts and significant others (c) Perceived behavioral control: accessible control beliefs (family finance condition) and parents’ self-efficacy (d) Critical learning period: learning issues that concern parents in critical learning period.

本研究的主要目的在探討下列問題：一、國民小學組織結構運作及教師工作倦怠感是否因學校所在地區、班級數不同而有差異？二、國民小學教師是否因個人特質不同其工作倦怠程度方面有顯著差異？三、學校組織結構各層面（即專門化、標準化、正式化、集中化、傳統化）與工作倦怠各層面（即情緒耗竭、無人情味、個人成就感）之間是否有相關存在？四、學校組織結構與教師個人特質是否對工作倦怠有預測作用？五、根據研究結果，提出建議，以供了解與改善教師工作倦怠之參考。本研究以台北市42所國民小學教師506 人為研究對象，進行問卷調查。使用的研究工具包括「教師背景資料調查表」、「國民小學組織結構調查問卷」、「教師工作狀況調查問卷」第三種。所蒐集的資料，分別以單因子變異數分析、多重比較（薛費法）、簡單相關分析、Ｔ考驗及逐步迴歸分析等統計方法，進行資料分析。 根據統計分析的結果，本研究主要發現如下： 一、國民小學組織結構之運作因學校班級數之不同，在專門化、標準化、正式化與傳統化上有顯著差存在。 二、國民小學教師因個人背景不同在工作倦怠感上有差異存在。 1.不同年齡組教師在工作倦怠、情緒耗竭及個人成就感上有顯著差異存在。其中 51?60歲組及41?50歲組都比30歲以下組顯現出較高的個人成就感。顯示：年 齡較高者比年輕者有較高的個人成就感。 2.不同任教年資組教師在工作倦怠、情緒耗竭及個人成就感上有顯著差異存在。 任教五年以下的教師在「情緒耗竭」上的工作倦怠程度高於任教26年以上的教 師，顯示年資較淺者，情緒耗竭較高。而任教５年以內的教師在「個人成就感 上的感受低於16?20年及26年以上組，而任教 6?10年的教師也比任教26年以 上的教師低，顯示年資較久者有較高的個人成就感。而年資淺者，個人成就感 較低。 3.不同職務組教師在工作倦怠上，就整體而言，有顯著差異存在。 4.不同婚姻組教師在工作倦怠及個人成就感上有顯著差異存在。已婚教師比未婚教師有較高的個人成就感。 5.不同薪資教師在工作倦怠、情緒耗竭、無人情味、個人成就感上均有顯著的差異存在。40,001元以上組教師在「情緒耗竭」、「無人情味」量表上均有別於20001元?30000元組。而個人成就感方面，20001元?30000元組與40001 元以上組之間，及30001元?40000元與40001 元以上組之間之間有顯著差異存在。 顯示薪資愈低者，在「情緒耗竭」及「無人情味」上之工作倦怠有愈高的傾向 ，而薪資愈高者則有較高的個人成就感。 三、學校組織結構愈專門化、標準化、正式化，教師工作倦怠愈低；愈集中化、傳統化則教師工作倦怠愈高。 四、學校組織結構與教師個人特質對教師工作倦怠具有預測力。 根據研究結果提出以下建議： 一、對教育行政機構的建議： （一）對國小教師的薪資做合理的調整。 （二）實施定期工作調換。 （三）教育專業團體應扮演更積極的角色。 （四）提高教師員額編制，降低班級人數。 （五）提供多元途徑的進修方式。 （六）建立教師陞遷管道及證照制度。 （七）大學或師院應開設心理衛生課程。 （八）增強福利措施、建立申訴管道。 （九）教育局應常辦理未婚教師聯誼活動。 二、對教師本身的建議 （一）學習控制時間的技巧。 （二）安排適當的休閒活動。 （三）練習放鬆。 （四）尋求社會性支持。 （五）做一個高附加價值的教師。 三、最後並提出研究檢討及未來研究上的建議。

本研究針對台北市國民小學的教室採光及色彩兩大主題，探討有利於學習的採光及色 彩理論，並經實地調查，提出改進意見。本研究計分五章，首章緒論內共有四節：第 一節為動機與目的；第二節為研究範圍與方法，第三節研究資料來源，第四節：專有 名詞銓釋。第二章為「學校採光理論」，其中共含八節，第一節學校視覺環境的重要 性，第二節光度，第三節光質，第四節燈光裝置的型式，第五節日光控制與利用，第 六節眩光的產生與防止，第七節採光與色彩的關係，第八節學校採光應注意事項，第 三章學校色彩理論，其中包括六節，第一節色彩之屬性，第二節色彩系統的研究，第 三節色彩設計的原則，第四節色彩的作用，第五節色在學校教育上的功能，第六節學 校色彩的應用原則。第四章台北市國民小學視覺環境之調查計劃與實施，第五章為結 論與建議。

論文提要 本研究旨在瞭解國民小學校長轉型領導與教師自我實現之現況，並探討兩者間的關聯性。研究中是以台北縣政府所屬67所縣立國民小學、1025位教師為施測樣本，以「校長領導行為與教師自我實現調查問卷」作為研究工具，將所蒐集的資料分別以「平均數」、「標準差」、「單因子變異數分析」、「t考驗」、「皮爾遜積差相關」、「多元逐步迴歸」等統計方法進行分析與討論。歸納有九項研究發現： 一、台北縣國民小學教師多數肯定校長的轉型領導行為。 二、台北縣國民小學教師普遍具高程度自我實現之表現。 三、不同學校環境變項，教師知覺的校長轉型領導行為並無顯著差異。 四、不同校長屬性變項，教師知覺的校長轉型領導行為並無顯著差異。 五、不同學校環境變項，教師自我實現程度並無顯著差異。 六、不同教師屬性變項，教師自我實現程度並無顯著差異。 七、校長與教師所知覺的校長轉型領導行為有顯著差異。 八、校長轉型領導行為與教師自我實現程度有顯著相關。 九、校長轉型領導行為各層面對整體教師自我實現具有預測效果。 依據上述研究發現提出建議，以提供教育行政機關、國小校長、教師以及未來研究者之參考，期使有助於學校教育之進步與發展。

本研究旨在探討我國政府採購法實施後對國民中小學總務行政影響之情形，並瞭解學校採購人員對影響國民中小學執行採購因素的看法上之差異情形，依統計分析結果進行綜合討論，以進一步對目前國民中小學總務行政執行政府採購法之相關缺失提出改善之道。 本研究主要採用調查研究法，研究對象包括台北市、台北縣、桃園縣、新竹市、新竹縣等五縣市國民中小學之校長、會計、總務主任與事務組長為母群體，抽取1340學校採購人員為樣本，以自編之「政府採購法對國中小總務行政影響之調查問卷」進行問卷調查，有效問卷共計1173份。所得資料以SPSS 10.0 for Windows統計套裝軟體進行統計分析，並以t檢定與單因子變異數分析（one-way ANOVA）進行假設考驗。達顯著之研究假設則進一步以薛費法（Scheffé method）進行事後比較，以了解各組之差異情形。本研究之主要發現如下： 一、就專業知能方面 (一)男性採購人員對「專業知能」的要求程度明顯高於女性採購人員。 (二)準備退休期（51歲以上）之採購人員對「專業知能」的要求程度顯著高於資深期（41-50歲）之採購人員。 (三)「總務主任」對「專業知能」的要求程度明顯高於「會計主任」。 (四)於民國88年8月1日前擔任總務工作職務者的採購人員對「專業知能」的要求程度顯著高於民國88年8月1日前沒有擔任總務工作職務者。 (五)服務於城市之學校採購人員對「專業知能」的要求程度顯著高於偏遠地區之學校採購人員。 (六)新竹市之學校採購人員對「專業知能」的要求程度顯著高於其他縣市之學校採購人員。 二、就採購效率方面 (一)於民國88年8月1日前擔任總務工作職務者的採購人員認為政府採購的「採購效率」高於民國88年8月1日前沒有擔任總務工作職務者的採購人員的看法。 (二)學校規模為「27-35班」之採購人員認為政府採購的「採購效率」顯著高於「54-62班」之採購人員的看法。 (三)新竹市之學校採購人員認為政府採購的「採購效率」明顯高於其他縣市之學校採購人員的看法。 三、就採購公平性方面 (一)男性採購人員認為政府採購的「採購公平性」顯著高於女性採購人員的看法。 (二)「總務主任」認為政府採購的「採購公平性」顯著高於「會計主任」。 (三)「師大、師院或教育學院」畢業者之採購人員認為政府採購的「採購公平性」顯著高於「研究所（含）以上」畢業者之採購人員的看法，同時也高於「一般大專院校」畢業者。 (四)於民國88年8月1日前擔任總務工作職務者的採購人員認為政府採購的「採購公平性」顯著高於在民國88年8月1日前沒有擔任總務工作職務者的採購人員的看法。 (五)新竹市之學校採購人員認為學校的「採購公平性」顯著高於其他縣市之學校採購人員的看法。 四、就採購人員壓力方面 (一)投入期與紮根期(31-41歲)之採購人員認為政府採購法實施後學校的「採購人員壓力」顯著高於資深期（41-50歲）採購人員的看法。 (二)「總務主任」認為政府採購法實施後學校的「採購人員壓力」顯著高於「校長」、「會計主任」與「事務組長」的看法。 (三)台北市之學校採購人員認為政府採購法實施後學校的「採購人員壓力」顯著高於台北縣之學校採購人員的看法。 本研究依研究發現對主管機關、上級機關、學校採購人員與未來研究方向提出下列建議，以供參考： 一、對主管機關的建議： (一)學校應增加專業採購人員的員額編制以避免由非相關專業人員來進行採購作業； (二)應統一培訓採購專業人員以避免縣市間採購人員專業知能上的差異； (三)應深入瞭解學校採購人員之實際需求並滿足它； (四)應提高學校採購人員的薪酬或減少其授課時數； (五)應將政府採購法納入大學教育行政課程或教師養成之相關課程中。 二、對上級機關的建議： (一)應建立聯合發包中心以避免學校採購作業人力與物力之浪費； (二)應建構良好的資訊網站； (三)應建立縣內專業採購人員網絡。 三、對學校採購人員的建議： (一)應積極參與各類研習活動以增進專業執行能力； (二)應暢通採購諮網絡以增進彼此意見交流； (三)應瞭解各種壓力調適的方法以調解採購執行過程的壓力。 四、對未來研究的建議： (一)就研究對象方面，可將員額配置之變項納入背景變項進行分析； (二)就研究方法方面，可兼採質性研究以更深入瞭解問題； (三)就研究內容方面，可擴大影響採購作業相關因素之探討。 / The present study aims at the impact of the enforcement of the Government Procurement Law on the general & administrative affairs of junior high schools and primary schools. The study is intended to look into the school procurement officers’ viewpoints and the differences in factors related to the procurement of junior high schools and primary schools. Based on the outcome of the statistical analysis, it will launch a comprehensive discussion to further work out the correct actions against the shortcomings found in the enforcement of the Government Procurement Law by the schools’ general & administrative functions. The present study mainly adopts a survey study method aiming at the targets including the principals, accountants, heads of the general affairs and general affair sections in the junior high schools and primary schools in Taipei City, Taipei County, Taoyuan County and Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County, taking 1,340 school procurement officers as the samples. Using the “Questionnaire on the Influence of the General and Administrative Affairs in Junior High Schools and Primary Schools” compiled by the Researcher, the questionnaire survey was conducted to receive a total of 1,173 effective questionnaires which were analyzed through SPSS 10.0 for Windows software packages, further analyzed through t-test and one-way ANOVA for assumption and test. Those up to the significant research hypothesis were further taken into comparison through the Schefféémethod to look into various divergences. The study yielded the findings notably including the following: I. In terms of expertise: (I) Male procurement personnel are significantly higher than female counterparts in the demand of “expertise”. (II) The procurement personnel ready to retire (age over 51) are significantly higher than counterparts at senior ages (age 41~50) in the demand of “expertise”. (III) The “heads of general affairs” are significantly higher than the “heads of accounting” in the demand of “expertise”. (IV) The procurement personnel joining the general affairs before August 1, 1999 are significantly higher than the counterparts joining the general affairs after August 1, 1999 in the demand of “expertise”. (V) The procurement personnel serving in the urban areas are significantly higher than the counterparts serving in the rural areas in the demand of “expertise”. (VI) The procurement personnel serving in Hsinchu City are significantly higher than the counterparts serving elsewhere in the demand of “expertise”. II. In terms of procurement efficiency: (I) The procurement personnel joining the general affairs before August 1, 1999 are significantly higher than counterparts joining the general affairs after August 1, 1999 in the belief of the “procurement efficiency” by the government. (II) The procurement personnel serving in schools with the scale of “27-35 classes” are significantly higher than counterparts serving in schools with the scale of “54~62 classes” in the belief of the “procurement efficiency” by the government. (III) The procurement personnel serving in Hsinchu City are significantly higher than counterparts serving elsewhere in the belief of the “procurement efficiency” by the government. III. In terms of “impartial practice in procurement practice”: (I) Male procurement personnel are significantly higher than female counterparts in terms of the “impartiality in procurement” by the government. (II) The “heads of general affairs” are significantly higher than the “heads of accounting” in terms of the “impartiality in procurement” by the government. (III) The procurement personnel graduated from National Taiwan Normal University, Normal College or Educational College are significantly higher than the counterparts graduated from “Graduate School (inclusive) and higher institutions”, and higher than counterparts graduated from other general universities and colleges as well in terms of the “impartiality in procurement” by the government. (IV) The procurement personnel joining the general affairs before August 1, 1999 are significantly higher than counterparts joining the general affairs after August 1, 1999 in terms of the “impartiality in procurement” by the government. (V) The procurement personnel serving in Hsinchu City are significantly higher than the counterparts serving elsewhere in terms of the “impartiality in procurement” by the government. IV. In terms of pressure upon the procurement personnel: (I) The procurement personnel at rooting ages (age 31~41) are significantly higher than the counterparts at senior ages (age 41~50) in terms of the pressure of the procurement by the government. (II) The “heads of general affairs” are significantly higher than the “principals”, “heads of accounting” and “general affairs section chiefs” in terms of the pressure of the procurement by the government. (III) The procurement personnel serving in Taipei City are significantly higher than the counterparts serving in schools in Taipei County in terms of the pressure of the procurement by the government. Based on the findings yielded in the present study, proposals will be offered to the competent authorities of the government, superior authorities, the procurement personnel at schools as well as future researchers: I. Proposals to the competent authorities of the government: (I) That schools should staff themselves with more professional procurement personnel and should prevent assigning non-professionals to launch procurement; (II) That procurement professionals should be trained and groomed through package efforts to prevent the professional expertise deviation between those in urban and those in rural areas; (III) That they should make in-depth awareness of the substantial needs of the procurement personnel at school and try to satisfy them; (IV) That the remuneration should be raised, and the teaching hours should be reduced to procurement personnel at school; and (V) That the Government Procurement Law should be covered in the Educational Administration or Faculty Development Programs in universities. II. Proposals to superior authorities: (I) That a concerted contract awarding center should be established to prevent unnecessary waste in the resources and procurement personnel; (II) That sound information websites should be established; and (III) That professional procurement personnel websites should be established inside the county. III. Proposals to the procurement personnel at schools: (I) That the procurement personnel should vigorously participate in a variety of research and practice programs to enhance their expertise; (II) That they should set up barrier-free procurement information websites to enhance sound interchanges of their opinions; (III) That they should probe into the methods to soothe pressure so as to ease up pressure in the procurement process. IV. Proposals to the future researchers: (I) That they should put the variables in the personnel lineups into the background variables for analysis. (II) That in terms of research method, they should adopt qualitative studies to make possible more in-depth awareness of the issues; and (III) That in terms of the contents of study, they should expand the range of probes into the procurement related factors.