• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 427
  • 406
  • 21
  • 3
  • Tagged with
  • 430
  • 430
  • 185
  • 134
  • 134
  • 127
  • 115
  • 109
  • 88
  • 83
  • 79
  • 77
  • 70
  • 69
  • 68
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
301

台灣智慧型手持設備廠商新商業模式之策略行銷分析

林政寬, Lin, Cheng-Kuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主旨在探討擁有有限內需市場及各項有限資源之台灣廠商中,電子產業在過去數十年均對整體台灣經濟成長有明顯的貢獻;但是,隨著全球競爭更激烈與中國過去十多年來磁吸效應,台灣電子產業過去製造能力上之競爭優勢正面臨前所未有的挑戰。 「行銷交易成本架構」,也就是4C架構的理論。讓企業可以從不同的角度與面向來思考其策略行銷的方案,並藉由執行降低消費者之外顯與內隱交易成本的價值活動來促進交換活動進行之速率。 本研究就是依照此理論架構,以台灣電子產業中之智慧型手持式設備廠商之可能採用之三種商業模式中,以不同之交易成本做分析、歸納及比較;從分析過程中找出研究商業模式如何不同於其它台灣電子產業,透過特有的商業模式發展出獨特的利基市場。 最後,再以個案公司之實體個案之執行,驗證該商業模式之策略行銷操作之實證性。但是,不可諱言,該新商業模式之運作仍於發展進行階段,斷然下結論述說該商業模式為目前台灣廠商微利時代之最佳選擇,亦是略嫌不公允,同時,亦是本研究之研究限制所在;伴隨全球商業自由化的腳步,台灣所有產業勢必要更亦步亦趨反映市場脈動,相信更創新的商業模式亦會隨時發展,也會被不同的實證個案證實,相信後續之研究當可以此為基礎更全面而廣泛的進行研究。
302

中共對台商的制度規範與台商因應對策分析~~交易成本理論之運用~~

許源派, Hsu, Yuan-Pai Unknown Date (has links)
台商乃是兩岸政治經濟下,不同「身份資本」所孕育出來的特殊群體,特別是大陸特殊制度環境及大陸對台商制度規範下,所造成的高交易成本,使得台商為因應而運用下列三種方式 以降低交易成本:非制度化管道、制度化管道、抗衡促使制度變遷,進而參與制度創新的過程。   但在加入WTO之後,面對制度化及法制化的大陸制度環境變遷,台商應著重後二種的管道來降低大陸的高交易成本。   本文採用新制度經濟學中的交易成本理論來分析大陸對台商的制度規範及台商因應策略。 / Taiwanese investors are particular group who come from different “Capital of identity “ between Mainland China and Taiwan. Under high transaction cost caused by particular institution in China and China’s institutional regulation on Taiwanese investors, they have to take non-institutional way, institutional way and the way that they against current institution to improve institutional change and then join the procedure of institutional innovation in China. So, they can bring the transaction cost down. But after both sides have entered WTO and Taiwanese investors have to obey the regulation of WTO and they should put emphasis on latter two ways, that is institutional way and the way that they against current institution to improve institutional change and then join the procedure of institutional innovation in China to bring their transaction cost down. This dissertation analyzes the Taiwanese investors under Mainland China’s institutional regulation and their survival strategy in Transaction cost approach.
303

中國大陸中央與地方財政關係之研究 / A Study on Fiscal Relationship Between Central And Local Government of China

馮士容 Unknown Date (has links)
由中央與地方之間財政關係中權力不對等與對利益要求的目標不一致以及委託代理結構中委託人與代理人同樣存在著資訊不對稱與目標不一致的特性。是以中國大陸中央與地方之間必然存在著委託代理問題,代理人常常只會追求著自己的目標,甚至會損害整體利益,中國大陸中央與地方之間的一切矛盾與問題起源自中央權力大過地方,因此中央動輒使用「決定」與通知這類的行政性指令,取代應該經由制度或是法制的模式來調整諸如財政管理體制等政策,造成地方擁有較多的資訊,但在權力上卻無法脫離中央而獨立。換言之,地方在某些程度上仍受中央所控制,在分稅制實施之後,中央與地方雖然各自有其所屬的稅種,但中央與地方共享稅的分成比例以及何種稅種屬中央抑或地方,這些事項縱然不致於全盤由中央決定,但未來中央與地方定會共同協議與決定財政資源的分配比例。 是以由委託代理理論來驗證中國大陸中央與地方之間的財政關係,本論文發現中央與地方之間所產生種種問題,乃是因為缺乏制度化以及法制化所致,中共中央以行政性指令來達到其分權、集權的目的,這些措施卻不能真正解決問題。制度變遷與經濟發展係為促進中國大陸經濟成長及中央、地方之間財政資源配置產生變動的重要誘因。在此前提下,制度變遷促成市場機能逐漸恢復,以及經濟發展使得生產、就業結構改變。是以由中國大陸的財政收入結構產生根本的改變、中央與地方對於財政資源的配置仍未訂定合理的比例,以及中央政府仍然能夠主導資源配置這三方面觀之,未來只有在中央主導下與地方協調共同決定財政資源的分配比例,這是本論文研究的發現。
304

實施作業基礎成本制之訂價策略研究-以軟/硬體研發設計公司為例 / Applying Activity-Based Costing System to Pricing Strategy--A Case Study for Software/Hardware R&D Design Company

葛宗萍, Ko, Tzung-ping Unknown Date (has links)
台灣的高科技研發設計產業長期以來一直享有較高的競爭優勢以及令人稱羨的利潤,但近幾年來,在面對全球性競爭與快速變遷的環境下,原先具有的高品質及低開發成本的優勢有逐漸喪失的情形。而企業為了維持原有的競爭優勢,除了加緊腳步在研發技術的創新、提供服務的效率以及營運成本的控制上找出最好的方法及策略外,而如何計算產品成本,如何有效訂價,更為企業迎戰此一競局的重要考量。 由於傳統的成本制度無法滿足快速變遷的製造環境,高科技研發設計產業亟需新的方法以適時的提供相關成本資訊,做為決策之用。而作業基礎成本制度(Activity-Based Costing System, ABC)經過學術界的大力推廣及實務上不斷的經驗累積,大多認為此一制度不僅可以減少成本扭曲,更重要的是可以協助管理者進行較佳的成本控制,增加企業營運的效率,以及進一步可以輔助產品的訂價及競爭策略。 因此,本研究係以國內某高科技軟/硬體研發設計公司為研究對象,透過個案研究及作業基礎成本法之探討,分析高科技研發設計公司成本組成及影響成本活動的因素,並建立其關聯,藉此提出一套可供研發設計公司參考之成本分析架構與模式,並進而協助相關企業在產品研發及訂價方面做出最好之決策。 / The R&D design industry of Taiwan have enjoyed high competition advantages & high profit margin for a long time. But in recent year, under global competition & environment of rapid change, those advantages have lost gradually. In order to maintain the original competition advantages, enterprises need to step up the step to find out the best method and tactics in R&D innovation, service providing of high efficiency and control of operating cost. Besides, It is also the important consideration for those companies to think about how to calculate the product cost and set up the pricing strategy. Because the traditional cost system cannot satisfy the diversified manufacturing environment, R&D design industry tremendously need a new cost method which provides decision-makers with up-to-date, complete, and reliable cost information. Activity-Based Costing System (ABC) has been approved by academic study & implemented by a lot of company. Mostly think that this system cannot merely reduce the cost to distort, the more important thing is that can help top managers to control better cost, increase the operating efficiency, and program the better pricing strategy. This paper studies how a software/hardware design company by adopting the activity-based costing (ABC) system traces and analyze all of the cost elements associated with research & development activities. The main purpose of this study is trying to use ABC costing system to build a cost model for future application in the R&D design industry and hope this study can help relevant enterprises to make the best decision in the product development and establish the competitive pricing strategy.
305

Ohlson-Juettner模型在台灣適用性之研究

葉珮穎 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究依據Ohlson and Juettner(2005)所提出新的衡量權益資金成本方式,異常盈餘成長評價模型(Abnormal Earnings Growth Valuation Model),探討其是否適合台灣企業作為有效衡量權益資金成本方式之一。並進一步研究已實現報酬與OJ模型估計之權益資金成本關聯性,OJ模型估計之權益資金成本可否作為投資人選擇投資標的時之參考資訊,所得之結論可作為企業管理者與投資人之重要參考依據。最後本研究將OJ模型估計之權益資金成本應用於公司治理之角度,探討權益資金成本與董事會特性關聯性。 實證發現,蒐集台灣企業資料,推算OJ模型估計之權益資金成本與過去研究認為影響權益資金成本的重要風險因子,皆有顯著相關性存在。因此認為OJ模型適用於台灣企業權益資金成本之估計,亦為有效的估計權益資金成本之方式一。另外,利用三因子模型進行複迴歸分析發現,已實現報酬與OJ模型估計之權益資金成本呈顯著正相關,顯示OJ模型估計之權益資金成本愈大的公司,其股票報酬愈高。且以迴歸之局部判定係數分析,於加入ROJ解釋變數後,模型的解釋力增加了,顯示OJ模型估計之權益資金成本對已實現報酬率具有增額之解釋能力,故OJ模型估計之權益資金成本具有解釋股票報酬波動之能力。最後,在權益資金成本與董事會特性之關聯性方面,實證發現權益資金成本與董監事股票質押比率、控制股東掌握之董監事席次比率和現金流量權比率的偏離程度呈顯著正相關。 / In this study, we use Ohlson-Juettner model to generate a market implied cost of capital. We then examine the correlation of cost of capital and risk factors, and the correlation of cost of capital and ex post returns. Additionally, we would like to discuss the relationship between the cost of capital and characteristics of the board of directors and supervisors. Our empirical results show that cost of capital has expected correlation with risk factors, so the cost of capital estimated through Ohlson-Juettner model can be a effective method to estimate cost of capital in Taiwan. The cost of capital also has expected an economically significant association with ex post returns. Additionally, we find that the percentage of shareholding pledged by board members and supervisors is significantly positively associated with cost of capital. The deviation between the percentage of directors and supervisors controlled by controlled stockholder and cash flow rights owned by controlled stockholder is also significantly positively associated with cost of capital.
306

個別農舍與集村農舍制度的比較分析-以新竹縣為例 / A Comparative Study for Institution of Individual and Cluster Farmhouses-Hsinchu county for example

張耀文, Chang,Yao-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
自從民國89年農業發展條例修正後,新的農舍制度已經運行了六個寒暑,但由統計上的數據可得知個別農舍依然是農民們興建農舍時的主要選擇,顯見政府所欲提倡的集村興建農舍有其實施上的弱點。而在真正完成的集村農舍當中,起造人入住的真正目的,又多半與實際的農業經營管理無關。因此,集村農舍制度於制度設計與制度執行方面可能出現了若干的問題,導致政策實施的結果與政策初始的期望落差甚大。由於集村農舍制度的成效有限,反而更加襯托出個別農舍的備受青睞,這又明顯異於多數學者、官員對於個別農舍所持的負面態度。因此,吾人欲從這兩個並行制度的制度內容出發,以實際的案例進行農舍制度在規則、組織、執行層面的比較分析,據以提出下列的結論與建議。 一、研究結論 (一)個別農舍在搜尋成本、監督成本、執行成本、時間成本等交易成本上遠較集村農舍來得低廉,加上政府提供給集村農舍的誘因相對不足與個別農舍選擇的高度自由,使得目前農民在申請興建農舍時仍以個別農舍為主要的選擇。 (二)個別農舍有建築樣式的選擇自由、交易成本較低等優點,也有容易成為治安死角、公共設施不足等缺點;而集村農舍相對的有建築樣式的選擇不自由、交易成本較高等缺點,以及能夠守望相助、公共設施充足等優點。 (三)作為中央政府政策代理者的地方政府,時常會缺乏對於制度變遷的適應性(adaptation)與執行時的專業能力,加上又必須面對執政權力來源的選民壓力,所以其執行成效往往在中央政府之期待與地方選民之要求間做拉扯,而很有可能因此偏離了政策的原始理念。 二、政策建議 (一)儘速檢討集村農舍制度的偏差以回歸原始之優良理念,並僅允許集村結合原有的鄉村區去作興建,而不准許蛙躍式的、點狀式的集村興建。 (二)現在多數的個別農舍都是屬於別墅型的個別農舍與居住型的個別農舍,而與真正的農業生產經營沒什麼相關性,因此這些不符合農舍原始定義的個別農舍,應該沒有再繼續申請興建的理由,僅有農用型的個別農舍可以有限度的開放興建。 (三)目前農舍管理所面臨到的難題,多少都與完全地開放自然人進入農地市場有關,而在農發條例因為諸多現實的政治因素而難以付諸修改的情況之下,唯有從嚴認定欲申請興建農舍者的資格、加強稽查農舍的違規情形、取消部分農舍不合理的稅賦優惠,才有可能減少機會行為的發生與農舍的不斷蔓延。 (四)在中央政府組織ㄧ個事權統一的農地與農舍的主管機關,以減少目前農舍主管機關業務重疊的情形,並在地方政府正式設立一個專責農地與農舍問題的聯合審查小組,且直接地向中央的主管機關負責,以降低代理問題產生的機會。 關鍵詞: 個別農舍、集村農舍、交易成本、雙重代理、制度變遷、自我執行 、第三者執行 / The implementation of farmhouse institution has been 6 years since year 2000. From the official statistics, the individual farmhouse is still the main choice for farmers. This reveals that the cluster farmhouse which adopts and promotes by government authority has some shortcomings. In addition, the owners who own cluster farmhouse are nothing to do with agricultural operation. These may result from the rules and enforcement of cluster farmhouse. Therefore, this study conducts a comparative analysis of formal and informal rules of individual and cluster farmhouse so as to understand the reasons why farmers do not choose the cluster farmhouse with incentives provided by central government. The main conclusion and policy suggestions for farmhouse are as follows: 1. The transaction costs including searching cost, policing cost and enforcement costs for individual farmhouse is much low than that for cluster farmhouse. In addition, the incentive provided from government for cluster farmhouse is not enough. The above two reasons lead to the result that individual farmhouse is the main choice for farmers. 2. The advantage of individual farmhouse is the freedom of varied style choice and low transaction cost while its shortcoming is safety problem and lack of public facilities. The advantage and shortcoming of cluster farmhouse are opposite from individual farmhouse. 3. The implementation of farmhouse is influence by the lack of adaptation of local government, professional comprehensive and election pressure so that the implantation is different from the original basic concept of farmhouse. 4. Policy recommendation: (1) To review the original basic concept of farmhouse and to encourage the cluster farmhouse together with country district rather the scatter development. (2) To review the definition of farmhouse so that all the farmhouse can be use for agricultural function instead of accommodation. (3) To cancel the tax exemption for farmhouse that is not use for agriculture so as to prevent the opportunity behaviors. (4) To unify the responsible authority in central government so as to prevent the agency problems of implementation.
307

都市更新權利變換房地權利價值分離估價之研究

黃國義 Unknown Date (has links)
現實生活裡,舉凡土地合建分屋、房地分離課税、徵收補賞、容積移轉、聯合開發、乃至都市更新權利變換等土地價值估價,最終均不免涉及基地因分層使用,而產生的立體地價應如何評估,始符合權益分配公平的問題。 本研究係以成本法計算公式為基本模型,對區分所有建物房地分離估價的拆算方式做一檢視,藉以釐清基地權利價值拆算基礎的爭議,以及立體地價評估模式的應用。 都市更新權利變換前為區分所有建物者,以其房地總價求取區分所有建物之基地權利價值估價,依現行不動產估價技術規則、計有地價分配率、土地開發分析及房地價值構成比率三種分離模式。按理,三種分離模式均為成本法計算公式的應用,在同一估價時點,依相同的估價條件與一致的基礎數據上,三種分離模式之計算公式應可互通使用,拆算結果也應無不同。惟依現行不動產估價技術規則之實際應用上,三種分離模式拆算後之基地權利價值卻有所不同,因此,對區分所有建物之基地權利價值估價,究竟應如何運用三種分離模式的拆算方法,以建立一適當的立體地價評估模式,始不致扭曲其價值之真義,乃為本論文研究之重心。
308

台灣殯葬用地區位之研究--土地使用競租模型的新制度觀點 / A study of the location of funerary lands in Taiwan: review bid-rent models of land use from the new institutional perspective

楊國柱 Unknown Date (has links)
新古典理論探析土地利用區位之決定,純粹從資源與技術因素探討理性人的經濟行為,而忽略經濟活動中人的受限理性因素,以及制度運行的交易成本因素,致無法圓滿解釋殯葬用地區位之形成。本文將抗爭交易成本當成都市地租理論的自變項,嘗試修正Alonso等人的新古典競租模型,並建構適合殯葬設施用途的競租理論,進而分析陰宅之負擔地租能力提高是否入侵陽宅用地,及抗爭阻力大小與殯葬用地區位距市申心遠近之關係。經實證結果發現,由於高額抗爭交易成本之存在,縱使人們對於陰宅需求增加,陰宅之負擔地租能力提高,亦可能無法入侵陽宅用地,迫使開發者往更遠離市中心之區位設置殯葬設施。高額抗爭交易成本隱含制度供給不足現象,同時阻礙了土地資源利用之合理有效配置。其次,殯葬設施設置之抗爭阻力大小與地點距離並無必然關係,顯示忽略交易成本因素,而純粹以地點距離為區位選擇考量的公共政策之缺陷。上開分析不但能深化新古典都市地租理論之意涵,也將有助於對鄰避型設施設置區位問題之掌握與了解,提供改善鄰避衝突公共政策問題之理論基礎。 經藉由交易成本理論觀點,探析殯葬用地區位管理政策之結果,發現我國之政策設計主要係基於確保公共衛生及避免妨害生活環境,於主要法規規範設置地點及距離,而忽略抗爭交易成本之制度因素存在。至於相關法規規範土地使用分區,其禁止設置的分區較多,容許設置的分區較少,有待調整改進。源於上述政策缺陷,本文研擬改進構想,包括賦予抗爭與反抗爭之間更多自主協商空間;強化殯葬設施規劃之人間性與文化性;改革不合時宜之殯葬禮儀文化;以及地方政府應慎選適當地點劃設專用區,供設置經營殯葬設施使用等,如欲落實至應用層面,有待制定法律將改進構想納入其中。 本文共分七章,第一章為緒論、第二章由文獻評述中獲得啟發,以建立分析架構。第三章從殯葬用地區位選擇之發展歷史中,探究在都市發展的過程中,殯葬用地相對於非殯葬用地的區位變遷情形,及其影響此種變遷的制度或非制度因素。第四章檢視傳統新古典區位理論運用於探究殯葬用地區位之限制,並從新制度主義交易成本理論之修正觀點建立本文之研究假設。第五章依研究假設實證估算抗爭交易成本之存在,並比較分析各殯葬設施設置抗爭案例,以了解抗爭交易成本大小與殯葬設施區位之關係及其隱含的制度、經濟與規劃意義。第六章根據實證分析結果,並配套考量行政管制及文化等其他制度因素,進而嘗試研議提供政府從事殯葬用地規劃與管理之參考決策。第七章為結論與建議。 關鍵字:殯葬用地、區位、交易成本、新古典競租模型、新制度主義 / Neo-classicalism explores the decision of the location of the land use by mainly analyzing the human economic behavior through the factors of resources and techniques. However, the theory is not able to explain the formation of the location of funerary lands well because it neglects people are restricted by the factors of bounded rationality in the economic activities and the transaction costs when the institutions is functioning. The paper tries to amend the Neoclassical Bid-Rent Model of Alonso by defining the factor of resisting transaction costs as the independent variable of the urban land rent theory, and establishes the suitable Bid-Rent theory for firnerary facilities. Furthermore, the paper analyzes if enhancing the ability of affording the rent of the firnerary Land will invade the nonfunerary land, the relationship between the degree of resisting obstruction and the distance from the firnerary land to the CBD. Through the identification, the funerary land won't invade the nonfunerary land due to the high resisting transaction cost even increasing the demand and the ability of affording the rent of the funerary land, thus, it will force the developer to establish the funerary facilities far away CBD. High resisting transaction costs imply the lack of system supply and hinder the reasonable and efficient allocation of the land resource use simultaneously. This expose the defect of the public policy for location decision only considering the site distance but neglect the factor of the transaction cost. The above analysis will not only deeply elaborate the Neo-Classical Urban Land Theory, but will also be helpful to understand the issue of sitting NIMBY facilities and to provide the basis of the theory to improve the public policies of NIMBY conflicts. Exploring the administrative policy of location selection through the transaction costs theory,The paper find out that in order to preserve public health and prevent disorder of living environment, the law regulates the site and distance from populous or water conservation areas without considering the transaction costs. In addition, the zoning system concerning the construction of funerary facilities puts more emphasis on prohibition than permission, which needs to be improved. Owing to the policy limitations, the paper proposes the improvement of the policies as follows. First, leave more spaces for negotiation between resistance parties and developers. Second, design the funerary facilities to meet human and cultural needs. Third, reform the culture of funeral rites. Fourth, choose the suitable site and plan special zones to provide the suitable areas for construction and management of funerary facilities. The relevant laws have to be amended or to be established so that the policies suggestion will be put to practice. Keywords : Funerary Lands, Location, Transaction Costs, Neoclassical Bid-Rent Model, Neoinstitutionalism
309

國際代理關係之維繫與延續 / Maintaining and Developing Relationships with International Manufacturers by Agents

酈芃羽 Unknown Date (has links)
代理商是許多國外廠商在初入陌生的海外市場時,最常使用的低涉入模式之一,其代表國外原廠在當地市場執行產品銷售的相關業務,並服務當地客戶,扮演國外原廠與當地客戶之間橋樑的角色。但是代理商也常被視為是國外原廠在進入當地市場時暫時或次要的工具,一旦當地市場逐漸成長,國外原廠就會收回代理權自行經營;當地市場太小,代理商又面臨自身經營的困境,所以代理商常面臨生存的兩難。加上一般代理商不涉及製造活動,需仰賴國外原廠提供產品,一旦當國外原廠取消代理關係,往往造成代理商因失去產品來源而遭受重大損失。 本研究從代理商的角度,探討代理商如何避免被國外原廠取消代理權,以及 代理商即使面對被國外原廠取消代理權,其仍舊可以繼續生存的策略作為。本研究以交易成本理論與資源基礎理論,分別從國外原廠對當地市場的興趣、代理商與國外原廠的上游關係以及代理商與國內客戶的下游關係三個部分加以分析,探討代理商如何利用上、下游關係中的知識與資源,來維繫與發展與國外原廠之間的關係,避免被國外原廠取消代理權。再者,代理商可以透過運用知識與資源,使其在面對被國外原廠終止代理關係時,降低損失的程度、並提高生存空間。 本研究以台灣電子零件代理商為研究對象,代理自國外原廠的產品線為分析單位,實證結果發現,在代理商避免被國外原廠取消代理權的問題上,國外原廠對代理商投入的資源越多,越能降低被取消代理權的可能性;而代理商在對上游(國外原廠)的關係中,擁有的當地市場資源越多、越瞭解國外原廠、越能掌握當地網絡,越能降低被國外原廠取消代理權的可能性;代理商在對下游(當地客戶)的關係中,越瞭解當地客戶、越能提供附加價值活動給當地客戶,越能降低被國外原廠取消代理權的可能性。在即使面對被國外原廠取消代理權,代理商依舊可以保有生存機會的議題上,代理商越能適度增加國外原廠數目,分散產品來源,越能降低因為被國外原廠取消代理權而造成的損失。
310

台灣產物保險業費率自由化、市場競爭與核保績效 / Deregulation,Market Competition and Underwriting Performance in Taiwan Property-Liability Insurance

吳欣樺, Wu, Hsin Hua Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討費率自由化政策與台灣產物保險市場經營效益,利用實證資料評估產物保險公司之整體經營績效及核保利潤。本研究自保險年鑑、台灣經濟新報資料庫及保險市場重要指標,選取1998年至2006年間財務及業務資訊來進行實證分析。 依Klein (1999)分類,台灣產物保險市場屬於類似獨占性競爭市場,產物保險公司高度競爭。依實證結果顯示,實施費率自由化政策,公司自留費用率持續緩慢增加,自留綜合成本率亦呈現上升趨勢。多數產物保險公司之實際核保利潤仍大於依Fairley (1979)計算之均衡核保利潤。 實證結果摘要如下: (1) 類似獨占性競爭市場:赫芬多指數皆小於0.1,市場呈現競爭狀態。1996年後,火險及車險之簽單保費成長率似乎每四、五年會呈現負成長。另外,1998-2003年費用率與公司規模呈現顯著負相關(p=0.01)。2004-2006年,此負相關並不顯著(p=0.1),顯示大公司漸不具有成本優勢,即產險市場之進入障礙有減少之趨勢。 (2) 成本費用支出增加:除2001年外,1998至2006年之產物保險公司自留綜合成本率介於91.09% 和 93.49%。2006年之自留綜合成本率為93.49%。2006年之產物保險公司費用率上升至40.51% 且損失率下降至52.97%。 (3) 核保利潤呈現正值:依Fairley(1979)計算之2006年預期均衡核保利潤。20家產物保險公司,17家實際核保利潤大於預期均衡核保利潤。 / This paper provides an empirical study of rate deregulation plan and profit performance in Taiwan property-liability insurance market. The data used in this study are from Insurance Year Book, Taiwan Economic Journal Data Bank, and Important Indexes of Insurance Industry (Taiwan) during the period from 1998 to 2006. Based on the classification by Klein (1999), the market structure of Taiwan property-liability insurance industry is similar to monopolistic competitive market and the property-liability insurers are engaged in intense competition. The results of this study show that the expense ratios of insurers rise slightly from year to year and the combined ratios also follow a trend of increase. The actual underwriting profits of most property-liability insurers are larger than the expected numbers estimated by using the methodology in Fairley (1979). The empirical results are as follows: (1) The market structure is similar to monopolistic competitive market for that the Herfindahl indexes are all below 0.1. The growth ratios of written premium on fire insurance and automobile insurance seem to become negative every four or five years after 1996. Besides, the negative correlation between expense ratio and the scale of economics in insurance market from 1998 to 2003 was significant at the p = 0.01 level. However, this correlation from 2004 to 2006 was not significant at the p = 0.1 level. It seems that larger insurers do not have significant cost advantages over smaller insurers in the recent years, namely the entry barriers decline. (2) The expenses and costs keep increasing. Except 2001, the combined ratios ranged from 91.09% in 1998 to 93.49% in 2006. The expense ratio increased to 40.51% while the net loss ratio decreased to 52.97% in 2006. (3) The underwriting profits of most insurers are positive. The expected underwriting profits by using the methodology in Fairley (1979) is less than the actual ones in 2006. Among the 20 property-liability insurers, the actual underwriting profits of 17 insurers were larger than their expected underwriting profits.

Page generated in 0.0164 seconds