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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

市場競爭與對外投資-- 台灣製造業之對外投資

洪琇瑩, HONG, XIU-YING Unknown Date (has links)
自七十年代以來,由於新進工業化國家之直接對外投資數量激增,以及跨國企業之快 速成長,國際間之直接對外投資問題,遂引起許多學者們之注意。台灣之對外貿易依 存度很高,經濟之成長主要靠對外貿易,然目前國際間保護主義又漸抬頭,對外貿易 之擴展愈見困難,為確保海外之市場並提高國際間之競爭力,拓展直接對外投資,不 失為一突破瓶頸之法,此為吸引作者研究台灣之直接對外投資問題之所在。 本文係以產業組織理論之觀點來探討台灣之直接對外投資。環顧國內有關此方面之論 文,大部份皆著重在個別廠商或是廠商間之比較,本文則注重在比較不同產業之間, 不同市場結構下對該等產業或隸屬於該產業之廠商其對外投資行為有何不同﹖依產業 組織理論,寡占性或壟斷性愈強或是大廠商愈容易對外投資,台灣之情況是否如此﹖ 即為本文之主要精神所在。 本文共一冊,約三萬餘字,共分五章來討論如下: 第一章 緒論 第二章 文獻檢討 第三章 理論模型 第四章 實證研究 第五章 結論
2

產業結構、廠商行為與企業績效關係之研究--以台灣資訊電子業為例

郭中洲, GUO,ZHONG-ZHOU Unknown Date (has links)
(一)本論文根據產業經濟學者Edward S.Mason與Joe S.Bain等人,所提出的「產業組 織分析架構」: 建立本論文根本架構: (二)本論文的研究範圍以台灣股票上市公司為限。以公司的會計查核報告書的財務資 料為主,收集其營業凈額、營業成本、廣告費、租金支出、純益率……等資料,並另 外收集產業結構資料。 (三)本論文的研究方法,首先將上列資料歸類於ヾ產業結構ゝ廠商行為ゞ企業績效等 三部份。其次利用電腦進行迴歸分析,根據結果來觀察三部份資料間的因果性關係。 最後提出研究結論。 (四)本論文的目的,希望能對台灣幾種產業作個概略性的分析,並以實證的結果與傳 統產業組織理論作印證,期所提出之結論能提供台灣企業之經營者作為參考。
3

產業特色對企業績效影響之分析- 台灣大型企業之實證研究

王秉鈞, Wang, Bing-Jun Unknown Date (has links)
企業之生存、成長及績效,環境之影響至巨,若企業本身處於一個發展潛力甚高的產 業,則環境之優渥保證了企業的未來遠景,當然管理能力亦為一重要決定因素。 本研究的目的即是在探討企業環境對於企業本身之生存、成長及績效之影響關係。以 美國Edward H.Mason與J.S.Bain等人所發展的產業組織學(Industrial Organizatio n )為架構,以多元迴歸分析(Multiple Regression Analgsis)為方法,研究我國 目前大型企業之環境與其績效間之關係,布冀從其中獲致企業良好投資環境之指引。 樣本包含了自民國67年至70年連續四年進入中華徵信所出版「全國最大民營企業 」排行之三百二十餘家民營製造業者,選出與績效與產業特色有關變數指標共十四個 ,如利潤率、成刁率、市場集中度、市場佔有率等。資源來源為:(一)中華徵信所 「全國最大民營企業」68─71年版。(二)經濟部統計處「中華民國工商業調查 報告」11─14輯。(三)財政部統計處「中華民國進出貿易統計月報」民國72 年三月版。
4

美國反托拉斯法與我國公平交易法中市場結構控制之研究 / The Control of Market Structure in U.S. Antitrust Law and R.O.C. Fair Trade Act

吳英同, Wu,Window Unknown Date (has links)
反托拉斯法所規範的層面,大致可將之歸納為結構面(marketstructure)與行為面(Conduct)。前者主要規範獨占、寡占及主要廠商(Dominant Firms)與廠商結合(合併)所形成的市場結構;後者則規範諸多廠商水平的合作行為與垂直限制交易行為。本文之目的,即在探討美國法上,如何致力於「競爭性結構」的規範制度與執行方法,以做為我國公平交易法執法及修法上的參考。研究發現以下各點:1.規模經濟的考量與廠商合併的運作,可謂美國產業結構形成的重要因素。台灣經濟發展的過程中,政府介入程度頗深,寡占與獨占事業多為法令造成。就我國實證而言,發現結構、行為、績效三者間具有高度相關,而競爭性之結構亦較能帶來整體績效最大。我國公平法目前對獨佔及寡占事業僅規範行為面,對建立公平競爭秩序成效恐屬有限;蓋就市場結構之控制而言,在我國多為中小企業之情勢下,獨佔、寡占之問題較諸結合,更為嚴重,在此特殊產業結構背景下,欲建立一真正具競爭性之環境,應自市場結構面(market structure)著手,可考慮賦予我國公平會或法院類似聯邦法院所具之衡平權,使公平會得將濫用市場力量的寡占、獨占事業解體(dissolution)或分割獨占公司之資產以建立另一與之競爭的實體等權限,以重建競爭結構,以建立競爭秩序。2.經濟理論與工具應妥善運用,以符立法本旨,美國聯邦交易委員會及司法部反托拉斯局均設有經濟分析專責單位,我國公平會亦宜指定專責單位,加強產業發展之研究並負責經濟分析事宜,俾針對業務單位進行個案所需,提供相關經濟分析協助。3.美國在規範結合行為方面,係以訂定指導準則方式為之,此法無論對執法機關或事業而言,皆有遵循之標準,避免雙方在執法及適法上產生不確定性之困擾。我國可參考之。4.近來我國貿易自由化進展迅速,企業經營環境已隨著大幅改變,競爭法的實施(如「市場」之定義等)應考量此一因素,才不會失之偏頗,造成國內產業不利損失。附錄:限制營業競爭行為與國際經濟的關係
5

中國大陸汽車產業市場結構、廠商行為與績效之分析 / The Market Structure, Firm Conduct and Performance in China’s Automobile Industry

夏樂生, Hsia,Lo-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要是透過產業經濟學中的產業組織研究,運用J. S. Bain及F. M. Scherer 為首的市場結構-行為-績效(S-C-P)的分析方式,來探討中國大陸汽車產業市場結構、廠商行為與績效之間的關係。 運用產業組織S-C-P的分析方式來研究產業的發展及績效的關係已經相當普遍,從早期的E. Mason、J. Bain到W. Shepherd、F. M. Scherer以還,此領域的研究成果相當豐富,然而多集中在實施市場經濟的西方國家,對經濟轉型的國家如東歐、中國及蘇聯等則較為少見。 本論文研究的主要目的,即在探討大陸地區汽車產業之市場結構、產業特性、產業內廠商之營運行為及彼此間的競爭型態;並進一步運用現有的資料,以實證方法對汽車產業市場結構、廠商行為及利潤之來源加以檢定,再由實證中所發掘出的資訊,評估研判大陸汽車產業發展的走向及相關問題。由於中國大陸是一個在二十世紀八十年代開始才自計畫經濟體制逐漸轉型為市場經濟體制的國家,本身仍具有計畫經濟的一些特質,產業政策的制訂及強制實施,對大陸汽車產業結構及行為均具有一定的影響力,因此本文亦透過大陸官方頒布的汽車產業政策來探討其對汽車產業的影響。 經由本文對中國大陸汽車產業的分析顯示,產業組織中市場結構(S)、行為(C)與績效(P),彼此間是處於相互影響之動態關係。而實證研究亦顯示,市場結構及行為對廠商績效的產生有密切的關聯。 在市場結構方面,大陸汽車產業的市場結構有逐漸大型化、集團化的趨勢,大型企業的市場占有率也逐年提升,市場集中度(CR4、CR8)相對提高;唯有轎車生產廠商在進入業者增多及競爭激烈之下,市場集中度有下降的現象,未來大陸汽車產業整體的市場結構有進一步緊縮並向寡頭壟斷發展的趨勢。在廠商行為方面,廠商的併購重組及價格競爭行為有助於市場結構的改善,投資研發及行銷策略等廠商行為則與市場結構及績效有相互影響。另外大陸汽車產業政策對市場結構、行為、績效則有大小不一的影響,部分產業政策目標得以實現,部分政策目標則無法完成。 在汽車產業集中度與績效之直觀性分析方面,根據1995至2003年的相關數據顯示,不論是整車生產廠商、企業集團或轎車生產廠商,其市場集中度愈高,其績效表現相對較佳(工業增加值率愈高)。 另外從實證分析的結果來看,與市場結構相關的5個變數,其中市場集中度(H)、市場占有率(MS)與績效為正相關;而市占率平方(MS²)及勞動密度(Labor)為負相關,大致上與我們的假設相符。另外資本密度(Capital)的實證結果則與假設有所不同,其中34家車廠樣本的檢定為正,而15家集團的結果為負,顯示大陸汽車產業目前並不具資本優勢,尤其是部分汽車集團的資產對績效的產生並不具正面效益。在行為變數方面,投資行為(Investment)對績效的影響為正相關,與我們的假設相同,顯示持續的投資對汽車廠商績效的產生具有重大正面的影響。時間趨勢(Time)變數也有所不同,實證顯示34家車廠的績效隨時間趨勢有逐漸下降的情形,而汽車集團的績效則隨時間趨勢呈上升現象。 正如產業組織理論所述,廠商的績效可以有多個評定考核的標準,一般均以利潤最大化或搶占最大的市占率為目標,但以大陸目前汽車產業狀況而言,本土汽車企業或大陸官方控股的汽車集團能否開發出知名的自有汽車品牌應當是重要的績效之一。根據本文的研究也發現,中國大陸目前汽車集團或大型汽車企業的短期目標是做大規模,利用規模經濟及擴大市占率來鞏固利基。但卻忽略其基本目標或長期目標應是做強企業,所謂做強企業應是運用研發成果或提升經營效率使成本降低,以提高企業的利潤率或附加價值,才算是一個成功的企業。做大企業固然不易,做強企業更是困難,但唯有持續不斷地突破、創新、研發,才能在競爭激烈的中國汽車大戰中脫穎而出,立於不敗之地。 / This thesis aims to explore the relationship between market structure, firm conduct and performance of the automobile industry in mainland China by applying the structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P) model of industrial organization. There are many outstanding studies using S-C-P approach to examine the dynamics between industrial development and performance, such as E. Mason, J. Bain, W. Sherpherd, F.M. Schere, etc. However, most of them focus on the market economies in western countries. Few of them discuss the situations in Eastern Europe, China and former Soviet Union countries that undergo economic transitions. The thesis intends to explore the characteristics of the market structure, firm conduct and economic performance in China’s automobile industry, to examine the dynamics of S-C-P in automobile industry by regression analysis, and to evaluate the development and problems of the automobile industry in mainland China. Although China has been undergoing economic transitions from a planned economy to a market economy since 1980s, not all the characteristics of the planned economy are replaced. The regulatory policy making and implementation have significant impacts on its automobile market structure and firm conduct in this industry. In this regard, the thesis intends to discuss how China’s policy influences its automobile industry. Paramount findings of this research suggest that, in China’s automobile industry, market structure, firm conduct and performance interact with one another. Regression analyses indicate that market structure, firm conduct and performance are strong associated. The market structure of the automobile industry in China characterizes large firms and groups, the growing market share rate of large-scale enterprises on a yearly basis and the rise of market concentration degree (CR4, CR8). However, the value of market concentration degree of sedan manufacturers decreases due to the increase of competitors in this market. As a result, the market structure of China’s automobile industry will evolve to oligopoly in the future. Firm conducts such as merger, reorganization and price competition help to improve the market structure. Other firm behaviors like investment, R&D, and marketing strategies influence the market structure and performance and vice versa. Moreover, China’s automobile industrial policies have various impacts on market structure, firm conduct and performance. In practice, some goals of the automobile policies are attainable, however, others are unattainable in practice. Based on the data between 1995 and 2003, a statistical analysis of concentration degree and performance in automobile industry suggest a positive relationship that higher market concentration degree results in better performance (higher industrial added-value rate), regardless whole-car manufacturers, group enterprises or sedan manufacturers. The multiple regression analyses of five variables related to market structure represents that the values of concentration degree (H) and market share (MS) alike have positive effects on the value performance whereas the values of market share rate squared (MS²) and labor density(Labor) alike have negative effects on the value of performance. These results support our hypotheses in this study. Nevertheless, the result of a relationship test for capital density(Capital) and performance is different from our hypothesis. The value of capital density of 34 car firms and the value of performance have a positive relationship, which echoes our assumption. Yet the hypothesis test for capital density of 15 groups leads to the opposite. It suggests that: capital advantage does not emerge in China’s automobile industry so far. In particular, assets of some automobile groups do not have beneficial effects on business performance. Firm conduct includes one variables: investment. Regression analysis indicates a positive relationship between investment and performance. The result is consistent with our hypothesis and concludes: constant investment contributes to automobile firm performance. Relationship testing for time and performance shows that: when the value of time increases, the value of 34 automobile firms’ performance decreases whereas the value of 15 groups’ performance increases, accordingly. The theory of Industrial organization provides multiple criteria to assess firm performance which usually aims to maximize profit or market share. In the case of current automobile industry in China, whether or not local automobile firms or state-owned enterprises achieve a successful brand building of China-made vehicles should be an important indicator of performance. This research also discovers that on one hand the automobile groups and large-scale enterprises in China embrace short-term goals to maximize firm scale and market shares so as to maximize revenues by exploiting the advantages of economy of scale, however, on the other hand, they ignore fundamental, long-term goals to be sustainable, successful and competitive corporations that invest R&D to increase business efficiency, reduce costs, and boost marginal revenue and added-value rate. Being a big firm is never easy yet being a competitive enterprise is even more difficult. Only with constant improvement in management, investment in R&D, the invention of production can an enterprise survive and succeed in the competition in China’s automobile market.

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