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臺灣區民間消費與投資計畫模型及預測簡靜男 Unknown Date (has links)
世界各國目前均積極努力於加速或維持其本國經濟成長率。“開發中國家”都竭盡所能,力求提高生活水準。已開發國家則極力避免經濟衰退,企求更大的財富與繁榮。欲提高生活水準,惟有在“經濟成長”高於“人口增加率”時始有可能。而欲使經濟成長達到預期目標,良好的經濟預測實為不可或缺的一環,近年來西歐(尤以荷蘭為首)及美日諸國對於經濟預測十分重視,計量經濟學的發展也正方興未艾。台灣地區之經濟屬於海島經濟類型,如何利用有限的經濟資源,從事經濟建設,加速邁向現代化,乃是全國上下一致努力的目標。對於未來經濟發展的動向之觀測,固未可忽視。台灣區之經濟預測,目前已有中央研究院、經合會、行政院國民總供需預測小組進行研究,建立計量模型。本文係參考中央研究院于宗先博士所作之“台灣經濟計量模型與經濟預測”,針對凱因斯所倡有效需求理論中之民間消費與民間投資兩部門,作更深入之分析。至於政府消費與公營事業及政府資本形成,其決定本諸政府政策,非依據市場行為,須單獨處理,故不包括在模型之內,亦即不由本文模型來決定。模型之各方程式均採線性式(Linear form),分別用普通最小二乘法(Ordinary Least Squares; OLS)及兩段最小二乘法(Two Stage Least Squares, TSLS)求解,再自此二法所得之解選出較佳者建立“台灣區民間消費與投資計量模型”,總計20個方程式,計消費函數十一,投資函數九,並據之以預測未來三年(民國60-62年)有關之經濟變數之數值。所需資料大部份取自行政院主計處編印之中華民國國民所得黃皮書,而所有資料之計算則大部份應用本校電腦館之IBM1130型電子計算機進行處理。
本文的討論將分為以下六部份:(1)經濟模型與預測。(2)普通、一般化及兩段最小二乘法之理論。(3)台灣區民間消費與投資計量模型。(4)線性重合(Multi-colinearity)與序列自行相關(Serial autocorrelation)之處理方法。(5)模型之預測能力。(6)結論。
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我國中程施政計畫策略規劃之研究-以行政院體育委員會為例林敏鈺, Lin, Min-Yu Unknown Date (has links)
許多國家在面臨劇變的政經環境時,民眾亦相對要求增加公共服務,而為尋求解決之道,則推行政府再造運動作為改革基礎,以提升政府機關施政績效目標,除將預算制度作為主要的改革重心外,並結合中程策略計畫制度,強調以組織整體的目標為導向,以績效評估為手段,要求公共組織應建立公共策略規劃暨績效預算的中程計畫架構。
本研究旨在探討各國採用公共策略規劃應用在體育機關時,所制定的流程以及計畫方式,並分析我國推動中程施政計畫之背景與現況,瞭解策略規劃理論的定義與模式,並以體育機關相關人員對中程計畫制度之意見,提出適合我國行政院體委會中程施政計畫之運作方式與計畫內容,供未來領導者管理之參考。
本研究採取文獻探討法及深度訪談法,首就各國中程計畫制度及策略規劃理論進行探討分析,再對行政院整合性機關、體育相關機關等人員進行訪談,以實地蒐集個案方面的資料,包括機關的願景與目標、計畫擬訂過程、相關配套措施及內部支持程度,除對策略規劃理論作進一步的建議,並對行政院體育委員會中程施政計畫規劃作業提出具體改善措施。
本研究發現:(一)願景建構階段:應蒐集國內外相關體育資料,召開小組會議撰擬體育白皮書,作為訂定中程施政計畫之依據,而高階領導者應傾全力支持組織願景,並具備協調溝通的能力。(二)內外在環境分析階段:為善加運用體育團體等外在豐富資源,應就各類利害關係者進行評估,瞭解機關面臨的機會與威脅,另應就組織內部的資源、現行策略與成果進行評估,鑑定組織本身的優缺點。(三)策略制定階段:整合各類策略目標、對各項計畫排列優先順序、邀集相關人員組成規劃小組。(四)策略執行階段:進行各項計畫之追蹤管考、落實跨組織之合作機制、有效運用各種人力資源,形成夥伴關係。(五)策略評估階段:訂定可衡量組織績效指標的方法、擬訂具體指標確實改善組織缺失。
最後,綜合各國中程計畫制度經驗、策略規劃理論模式與相關機關對中程計畫制度的看法,為行政院體育委員會中程計畫制度作業提出建議。
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臺北市國民中學知識管理空間規畫之研究謝佩璇, Hsieh, Pei-Hsuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的在探討臺北市國民中學的行政人員、教師兼行政人員及專任教師使用學校空間與設備及運用知識管理的情形,包括使用的每天平均時數、使用滿意度,並探討其認為規畫學校空間應考慮的重要因素,以問卷調查法、檔案資料內容分析法、觀察法、訪談法來分析未來知識管理空間的具體作為及可能的侷限性。在資料分析上,問卷調查以次數分配、百分率統計、F檢定、Cochran Q考驗、卡方考驗、多變量變異數分析、單變量變異數分析、單因子變異數分析、Spearman等級相關及Scheffé事後比較;檔案資料內容分析以次數、百分率作記錄說明;觀察及訪談以整理圖文記錄說明,最後研究結果發現:
一、知識管理運用及學校空間規畫上的相關概念及研究:(一)知識管理以訂定知識目標與確認知識、獲取知識與運用知識、知識分享與傳播、知識發展與儲存知識、評價與量測知識五步驟讓教育團隊經營有效率。(二)學校教職員在教學空間、行政空間及共同使用空間,皆以資訊管理系統為主軸發展經驗式學習、終身學習等知識內容。
二、臺北市國民中學教職員對學校空間與設備使用情形:(一)教職員對空間與設備能善加利用,使用資訊管理系統人數最多,教師兼行政人員使用行政空間與設備的時間最長。(二)資訊管理系統的堪用程度普遍受到教職員肯定,以服務年資五年以下的行政人員、教師兼行政人員在校舍面積大者對堪用程度最滿意。(三)教職員經常使用行政公佈欄、線上研習報名及查詢、線上教學教材或試題等資訊管理系統;設備以桌上型電腦、筆記型電腦、單槍投影機、印表機、掃瞄器為主。(四)教職員在教學空間及行政空間使用資訊設備情形相同,然而在不同空間有不同資訊設備配置需求、不同職務亦有不同需求程度。(五)行政人員較有機會使用各種資訊設備,其次是教師兼行政人員及專任教師。(六)教職員經常使用的教學空間是普通教室、教師辦公室、視聽教室、專科教室、教材製作室及圖書室。(七)教職員經常使用的行政空間是辦公處室、視訊(會議)室及簡報室。(八)教職員經常使用的共同使用空間是影印機、廁所、飲水機、活動中心及操場。
三、臺北市國民中學教職員運用學校知識管理空間情形:(一)學校網頁連結成功率高,部分網頁有動畫、有音樂載入讓人有互動感,但下載速度偶有遲滯現象、網站版面不常更新且計數器未準確記錄。(二)教務處使用公告系統最頻繁,其次是輔導室、訓導處,然而假期前後各處室更新篇數明顯下降。 (三)學校論壇發言次數較少、內容更新速度較慢,部分學校需要帳號與密碼,且多流於聊天功能較無知識性文章。(四)學校空間中運用知識管理步驟大部分進行第二步「獲取知識與運用知識」,尤其是在資訊管理系統(虛擬空間)及共同使用空間之中進行。(五)資訊管理系統進行「訂定知識目標與確認目標」、「獲取知識與運用知識」、在共同使用空間中進行「獲取知識與運用知識」、在教學空間中進行「知識發展與儲存知識」的情形顯著。(六)教師兼行政人員或服務年資五年以下的教職員,於學校空間中較會運用知識管理五步驟。(七)教師兼行政人員、服務年資五年以下的教職員及100人以下教師數的學校,較常於各學校空間運用知識管理步驟。
四、臺北市國民中學知識管理空間規畫影響因素與限制:(一)教職員規畫學校知識管理空間之主要影響因素依序為:「學校經費預算」、「教職員工作需求」、「教職員資訊科技能力」。(二) 教職員認為規畫資訊管理系統、行政空間及共同使用空間時應考量「學校經費預算」,其他空間依各職務有不同看法。 (三) 學校開放教學及共同使用空間供社區人士、學生家長共享的觀念已建立,但是資訊管理系統及行政空間的規畫有待加強。
根據文獻分析及研究結論,提出幾點建議學校規畫知識管理空間之參考:
(一)學校應重新審視學校空間配置以規畫知識管理空間,讓知識管理空間的特性促使學校成員有機會接觸新知;(二)教育局應積極推展資訊融入教學,並鼓勵各校落實e化教育;(三)學校成員應該可以自主管理學校空間與設備,並由學校調查「資訊管理系統與設備需求」;(四)應有專責人員負責全校資訊系統,以推動全校學習資訊生活化;(五)學校應讓圖書室升級且加速、加強圖書資訊系統,以創造學校成員進修空間與時間為各校積極發展的教學資源中心、進修中心,或教學與行政研究中心(六)多應用社區資源幫助學校擁有知識管理空間,社區融入校園提昇親、師、生彼此互動關係。 / The purpose of this study mainly investigated the situation how middle school full-time administers, teachers having part-time position in administration and full-time teachers take the knowledge management to use school space and facilities in Taipei city, including average hours of using them a day, the degree of satisfaction and the influential elements. The questionnaire investigation, documents and archives analysis, observational technique and interview are used to help the study understand its limitation and the substantial methods of planning middle school knowledge space in the future Taipei city. About the data analysis, the study used Frequency Distribution, Percentile Points, F-test, Cochran Q test, χ2 test, Multivariate ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, Spearman Rank Correlation and Scheffé Method. Besides, the researcher also combined many interview records and pictures. The result of the study is as below:
A. The related concepts and studies of using knowledge management and planning school space:
1. Setting knowledge goal and knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition and knowledge utilization, knowledge sharing and distribution, knowledge development and knowledge retention, and knowledge assessment are five steps of knowledge management that make educational teams work efficiently.
2. School teaching and administrative staffs all take information management system as a spindle to develop many knowledge contents, like experimental learning and lifelong learning in the teaching, administrative and the common-use spaces.
B. The situation of using school spaces and facilities for middle school teaching and administrative staffs in Taipei city:
1. School teaching and administrative staffs can take good use of spaces and facilities for most people using information management system, and teachers having part-time position in administration take most time in administrative spaces and its facilities.
2. Most school teaching and administrative staffs satisfy the information management system on its fit-to-use degree, especially to the full-time administrators serving less than 5 years and teachers having part-time position in administration serving in larger size school.
3. About information management system, school teaching and administrative staffs always use on-line administrative announce, sign up or search on-line trainings, materials and test questions. About its facilities, they mainly use PC, notebooks, overhead sliders, printers and scanners.
4. School teaching and administrative staffs have the same situation while using information facilities in teaching and administrative spaces, but different space still has its different needs of information facilities, and people in different position also have different needs.
5. Full-time administrators have more opportunities to use vary information facilities; teachers having part-time position in administration and full-time teachers.
6. In teaching spaces, school teaching and administrative staffs always use ordinary classrooms, teacher office, audio-visual classroom, training classroom, material production classroom and library.
7. In administrative spaces, school teaching and administrative staffs always use offices, audio (meeting) room and reporting room.
8. In common-use spaces, school teaching and administrative staffs always use copy machines, washrooms, drinking fountains, activity center and playground.
C. The situation of using school knowledge management for middle school teaching and administrative staffs in Taipei city:
1. School websites have high percentage of successfully-link, but their download speed are sometimes slow for most of them having animating images and musical backgrounds; even people have more senses of interaction, school websites are seldom updated to a new version, and even the counters do not record the numbers of guests correctly.
2. The academic offices use on-line system of announcement more frequent than the consultant offices and discipline office; however, offices update quiet few announcements before or after the vacation.
3. In most school forums need people to apply an account and set a code, so there are few speakers, preferring chatting rather than sharing knowledge, seldom post a new content.
4. In school spaces, most people take second step of knowledge management, knowledge acquisition and knowledge utilization, especially they are using information management system (virtual space) and common-use spaces.
5. The situation of using information management system to set and identify knowledge goal or to do knowledge acquisition and knowledge utilization are quiet different from people doing knowledge acquisition and utilization in common-use spaces and doing knowledge development and development in teaching spaces.
6. Teachers having part-time position in administration or teachers serving less than 5 years take five steps of knowledge management much often.
7. Teachers having part-time position in administration, teachers serving less than 5 years, or teachers serving in school with less than 100 school teaching and administrative staffs much often take steps of knowledge management in every school space.
D. The influential elements and limitation to the middle school knowledge management space program in Taipei city:
1. Orderly, school teaching and administrative staffs, planning a knowledge management space are mainly influenced by school financial budget, the necessities, and the ability of using information technology.
2. School teaching and administrative staffs regard school financial budget as a key element while planning information management system, administrative and common-use spaces, but the viewpoint is different from other positions in other school spaces.
3. Schools open teaching and common-use spaces to communities and build up a sharing concept to parents; however, their information management system and administrative spaces still need to be improved.
According to the literature and study result, following suggestions are worth to be referred:
1. In order to plan knowledge manageable spaces, schools should re-examine its spatial arrangement to let the characteristics of knowledge management increase the chance of getting news to the school members.
2. The Bureau of Education should promote E-teaching and encourage every school to practice E-learning positively.
3. School members should have rights to management spaces and facilities on their own, and schools could investigate their needs while using information management system and facilities.
4. There should be a commissioner taking responsibilities for the school information system for promoting the concept of learning information daily.
5. Schools should speed up upgrading libraries and its information system to become a teaching center, a further study center or a research center of teaching that school members could have more spaces and time to further study in schools.be
6. Schools should take better use of community resources, even have communities in schools, to help themselves own a knowledge management space and get chances to improve the relationship between parents, teachers and students.
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幼稚園教師科學圖畫書導讀歷程之研究楊淇淯 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的在了解幼稚園教師對於科學圖畫書的看法、科學圖畫書之導讀歷程、以及導讀對於幼兒科學圖畫書閱讀行為之影響。研究對象包括四名任教於國小附幼之合格教師,及十二名幼兒,乃是經由幼教系、幼保系教授推薦在科學活動或閱讀教學為人稱讚之幼教老師,從中徵求四位教師同意,成為本研究之研究對象。並請該教師挑選該班3名五足歲幼兒(語言能力表達較佳者)成為教師導讀科學圖畫書之幼兒研究對象。
本研究採用問卷調查、訪談及觀察法,分三階段進行:(1)以自編「幼教老師對於科學圖畫書的看法及運用現況之調查問卷」為工具,蒐集教師對科學圖畫書的看法及運用科學圖畫書的情況,並以五本科學圖畫書為工具,請教師對科學圖畫書進行簡短評析,並訪談教師對科學圖畫書之教學目標及其他相關意見;(2)以《十顆種子》及《毛毛蟲會變漂亮嗎?》作為教師導讀的科學圖畫書,並實地進入幼教現場觀察和拍攝教師導讀的過程;(3)在教師導讀前和導讀後,均以一對一方式請幼兒閱讀故事,記錄幼兒導讀前後閱讀圖畫書之歷程,並詢問一些問題以了解對該圖畫書的詮釋與理解。
研究結果發現四位教師對於科學圖畫書之看法,包括定義、科學圖畫書的元素、導讀難易程度、選擇考量因素、教學目標和導讀困難等均十分相似,即使個人喜好不同,但仍能以幼兒需求為出發點,思考科學圖畫書應該具有的面貌。文中以《十顆種子》、《毛毛蟲會變漂亮嗎?》的導讀歷程為例,分析比較四位教師導讀歷程,以及四組幼兒在導讀前後之閱讀理解,以及影響導讀歷程之因素之探討。根據研究發現,本文最後提出若干建議供科學圖畫書作者、教師、以及未來研究者之參考。
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3D電腦動畫產業代工模式供應體系之研究--以西基動畫公司為例盧元立 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣3D電腦動畫廠商目前以承接國外大廠動畫製作訂單為主要業務。但隨著3D動畫軟硬體設備成本的降低,人力成本低廉之開發中國家3D動畫廠商開始崛起,威脅到台灣3D動畫廠商的代工地位。解決此困境的策略有二:一是朝向內容原創價值活動方向發展,另一則是加強本身的代工競爭能力。
受限於市場及經驗不足等因素,台灣廠商欲發展原創能力還有很長遠的路要走,因此本研究著重於如何加強代工競爭能力。台灣許多產業都發展出優秀的代工模式廠商,而3D動畫產業則尚處於幼稚期,廠商接單後多半獨力完成所有製作工作。因此本研究以在代工模式上表現優異之台積電及廣達電腦為比較對象,並以國內最大3D動畫廠商西基動畫為個案研究對象,分析探討適合3D動畫廠商之「代工廠商供應模式」。
本研究先歸納整理四個「垂直整合或委外生產決策」考慮因素構面,亦即成本構面、產品構面、技術構面以及供應商(產業)構面,利用此四個因素構面分析台積電、廣達之現有供應體系模式,然後比較西基與台積電、廣達在這四個構面上不同的條件及特色,最後分析出適合西基之代工廠商供應體系模式。 / Receiving outsourcing project orders from foreign major companies is the primary business of the 3D Animation firms in Taiwan currently. However, since the cost of the infrastructure for animation production has reduced, it is easier for developing countries to enter this industry, where labor cost is lower. Accordingly, Taiwan’s position in the value chain of the animation industry is threatened. Two solutions have been proposed in order to solve this problem. First, animation firms in Taiwan should extend to the high value-added content developing activities. Second, Taiwanese animation firms should improve their capability and retain their competence.
This research focuses on how to improve the capability of animation firms in Taiwan, since it is still immature for them to transform into content developers, owing to the lack of experience and limitation of market size. Animation industry in Taiwan is in its infancy: most of the animation firms finish project orders independently. On the contrary, many industries in Taiwan, such as the computer industry, have developed excellent OEM/ODM models. Therefore, this research adopts case study method, taking CGCG Interactive as target, and compares it with the models of TSMC and Quanta Computer to figure out a suitable OEM supplier’s model in 3D animation industry.
This research first concludes that there are four dimensions concerning the decision making process on selecting vertical integration or outsourcing strategies. These dimensions are cost, product, technology, and supplier (industry). Then these dimensions are used to analyze the supply model of TSMC and Quanta Computer so as to propose an appropriate supply model CGCG Interactive.
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一個有延展性的動畫劇本描述語言 / A Scripting Language for Extensible Animation廖茂詠, Liao,Mao-Yung Unknown Date (has links)
在目前3D虛擬環境中,虛擬人物的動作多半是以動作抓取等離線方式錄製後,再以罐裝動作的方式呈現。該動作經過編碼後會以固定的格式進行傳送,然後由客戶端撥放該動畫內容。通常而言,固定的格式規範會限制電腦動畫表現與延展的能力。這篇論文我們提出了一套以XML為基礎的動畫語言,稱為eXtensible Animation Markup Language(XAML)來解決這樣的問題。這套語言設計的目的是為了讓開發者能夠彈性地選擇不同層次的指定方式來產生虛擬演員的動畫;同時使用者可以藉由已經定義好的動畫合成新的動畫內容,或是更改已定義動畫的部分內容來產生一套新的動畫。除此之外,XAML為客製化腳本語言提供延展擴充的機制,開發者可以透過plug-in、內嵌XAML引擎或轉換腳本等方式達到擴充XAML的目的。我們同時使用JAVA實作了一套能夠解譯XAML的動畫引擎,使用者不但可以利用XAML腳本命令產生相對應的3D動畫顯示,也可以透過該動畫引擎所提供的函式庫對場景中的3D物件進行控制。另外,我們也設計了一個具語音對話功能的多人虛擬環境系統,以驗證XAML語言的可行性及有效性。 / Character animations on most virtual environment systems are canned motions created off-line through motion capture techniques. The motions are then en-coded and transmitted with a fixed format and played at the client side. The rigid specification format for computer animation and multimedia presentation in general has greatly affected the development of 3D contents. In this thesis, we propose an XML-based scripting language, called eXtensible Animation Markup Language (XAML). The language is designed to describe character animations at various command levels and to compose a new animation from existing ani-mation clips. Furthermore, one can use plug-in, embeding or translation to in-corporate other customized scripting languages or new functions into XAML. We have implemented an animation engine in Java that can interpret the script-ing language and render 3D animations based on the user’s interactive XAML commands or the provided application programming interface. In addition, we have designed a speech-enabled multi-user virtual environment system based on XAML to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of such a language.
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漢代玄武研究 / Study of Xuan-wu in Han Dynasty黃靖玟 Unknown Date (has links)
玄武是四靈之中最難以辨清面貌者,從先秦至今夾纏著重重迷團。本論文以「漢代」為切入觀察時代,期以綴補現今玄武研究集中於先秦及宋元兩大區塊間的橋樑位置。首先釐清玄武釋名與內涵等聚訟已久的基礎論題,其次從三方面釐清漢代玄武面貌,包括玄武與龜的粘合與相混、漢代宇宙模型中的玄武、畫像石中的玄武等面向。漢代玄武與青龍、白虎、朱雀三者難以分離處理,文獻中玄武殊少單獨出現,多以「四靈」穩定結構呈現。論文的主要的成果在於透過文籍整理以及考古資料的蒐集,從現象面整理出玄武與龜二者各司其職的情形,釐清了玄武與龜之間的分野後,可檢討過去相關討論將玄武與龜文獻相混使用所造成的問題;而透過畫像石、瓦當、銅鏡等多種玄武圖像資料的整合也可看出在玄武在漢代較細緻的面貌。
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探索靈魂:保健旅遊商業計畫 / Shalom Spiritual Retreat: Wellness Tourism Business Plan徐少宜, Hsu, Shao I Unknown Date (has links)
探索靈魂:保健旅遊商業計畫 / Wellness tourism is used instead of health tourism in order to avoid the confusion between medical tourism. In research conduct by industries of Wellness and Medical tourism (GSS, 2011), argue that the term health tourism is sometimes used to describe medical tourism; other time it is used synonymously with wellness tourism; sometimes it means both; and it is also used to refer to a subset of medical tourism or wellness tourism. This is why it is recommend-ed to avoid the use of health tourism term, especially in marketing purposes and communica-tion with customers.
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基督教藝術與自我創作的轉化 / Transformation and self-creation of Christian art陳鼎元, Chen, Ding-Yuan January 1900 (has links)
本論文以基督教繪畫藝術開始探討基督教藝術之抽象思惟,從中闡釋深藏西洋文化裡的抽象成因。進而以早期基督教之標記和聖像揭開基督教繪畫藝術之章節,分析處於立像與不立像的兩難間,基督教繪畫藝術是如何發展出來的。
在探討基督教繪畫藝術之時,也以自我的繪畫創作與體驗,來做為研究所學習階段的統整。藉此省思自己的繪畫成長過程與對繪畫學習的態度。總而言之,藝術性價值在於其革新的創作意念,針對此,喬托提出了繪畫創作的主張:「人其實可以透過自己的感官和知覺,而不是透過別人的指示或學來的概念,來了解上帝和上帝所創造的這個世界!」也因而筆者深受其創作及宗教信仰的影響,有了撰寫本文的動機,希望藉此論文的撰寫,能探究出喬托那奧秘的繪畫表現方式與其深層的畫作內涵,以增添自我繪畫創作的想像力及畫面的創作空間。當然最重要的是,能在未來的自我創作中有更突破性的發展,繼而揮灑出繪畫創作生命中的自我潛藏能量。 / In this thesis,Christianity began to explore the art of painting abstract art Contemplative Christian,From deep causes of abstract interpretation of Western culture. Further to the mark and icons of early Christian art Christian paintings opened chapters, Analysis is not between the statue and the statue of the dilemma is how to develop Christian painting out.
At the time to explore the Christian art of painting, but also to self-painting and experience to do the learning phase of the Institute integration. Thereby reflect upon their own growth process of painting and painting the attitude of learning. All in all, the artistic value lies in its innovative creative ideas for this, Giotto painting ideas put forward: "Man can actually through their senses and perception, rather than concepts or instructions by others learned to know God and God created this world!" The author thus also affected by its creation and religion, have the motivation to write this article, hoping to write papers, to explore the mysteries of Giotto's paintings that expression of its deep meaning of the paintings, To add creativity and imagination of self-painting the picture. Of course, most importantly, to have more breakthroughs in the future development of self-creation, and then sway the self-life painting hidden energy. / 目次
摘要……………………………………………………………………i
表目次…………………………………………………………………iii
圖錄次………………………………………………………………iv
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
第一節 創作研究動機與目的……………………………………1
第二節 創作研究範圍……………………………………………1
第三節 創作研究方法……………………………………………3
第二章 初始的基督教繪畫藝術………………………………………4
第一節 何謂基督教繪畫藝術?…………………………………5
第二節 早期的基督教繪畫作品…………………………………13
第三章 基督教藝術的象徵性意義…………………………………27
第一節 早期基督教藝術…………………………………………27
一、早期基督教藝術的標記………………………………29
二、早期基督教藝術的聖像………………………………38
第二節 拜占庭藝術………………………………………………44
第三節 文藝復興時期的基督教繪畫藝術………………………47
一、正面的神性詮釋………………………………………48
二、負面的神性詮釋………………………………………51
第四章 基督教繪畫藝術的代表性畫家—喬托……………………54
第一節 喬托的繪畫生涯…………………………………………55
一、生平簡介………………………………………………55
二、繪畫成就………………………………………………58
三、繪畫創作思維…………………………………………59
第二節 喬托的經典宗教畫作剖析………………………………63
第五章 自我創作形式與內容………………………………………70
第一節 自我創作主題之建構……………………………………70
一、題材的選擇……………………………………………70
二、媒材的運用……………………………………………74
第二節 作品實踐…………………………………………………75
第六章 結論…………………………………………………97
參考書目……………………………………………………………98
翻譯索引……………………………………………………………100
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臺灣家族企業公司治理之法律問題—以獨立董事制度及接班計畫為核心 / Legal problems arising from family enterprises and corporate governance in Taiwan : focuses on the independent directors and the succession plans劉博因 Unknown Date (has links)
根據最新統計,全球約有七成以上企業為家族企業,貢獻全球GDP達60%以上。至於亞太地區之企業85%為家族所控制,亞太地區家族企業佔整體市值達32%。本文根據「2015華人家族企業報告」研究發現,就2014年統計數字我國上市櫃公司1587家企業中,家族企業占比74%,且就市值而言,我國家族企業佔整體上市櫃公司市值達63%,平均每個家族企業約有市值5.1億美元水準。然而,據該報告指出,就股權報酬率(ROE)而言,家族企業落後於專業管理之非家族企業,只優於國營企業。且就兩岸三地數據加以比較,我國家族企業不論是企業淨值或成長幅度皆為最落後地區,顯示我國家族企業公司治理仍有待改善之處。
至於引進獨立董事制度是否可有效提升我國家族企業公司治理?按相較於英美兩國企業股權分散之情形,我國家族企業大多數屬於股權相對集中型態。根據2016台灣地區大型集團企業研究可知,台灣前100大集團的主要股東的控制性持股,全體集團主要股東平均持股比率為34.05%。另外,有實證研究顯示,在中華文化下一般人所重視之社會連結(social ties)特別會影響獨立董事之獨立性,且獨立董事傾向維持人際關係(relation) ,以和為貴不願積極監督董事會及管理階層。因此,家族企業引進獨立董事制度恐無預期功效。再者,學者研究結論認為:接班後企業價值平均蒸發了60%。而PwC調查全球家族企業,僅有15%家族企業有完整的接班計劃,43%家族企業甚至無接班計劃安排。我國則只有9%有接班計劃,明顯低於全球平均。
最後,本文分析我國近來發生之長榮集團爭產案與寶成、捷安特等家族企業成功接班實例後,建議除企業接班人計劃應提早準備,以提供更寬空間應對接班計畫可能產生之法律問題(如:遺囑特留分、信託存續期間及遺產贈與稅等規劃)外,非接班計畫內之家族成員的生涯規劃也應被重視,以達成接班計劃所預期的和諧及永續成長的成果。
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