中國於2000年首次明確提出企業「走出去」戰略，鼓勵並支持具比較優勢之國有與民營企業投資海外市場，使中國企業得以藉由對外直接投資活動，以國家機器作為後盾進入全球主要經濟市場，不僅可影響外國企業之經營運作、提升技術、掌握通路、獲取所需資源等，亦能有效結合經濟與政治實力，逐步豐厚中國之綜合國力，期能達到提升國際地位與成為世界大國之目標。 中國雖引進市場經濟體制，惟政治體制仍屬社會主義制度，由共產黨決定政府運作與經濟制度，國家機器對市場之干預程度遠較資本主義國家既深且廣；本論文為進一步瞭解中國的國家機器如何主導企業對外直接投資之運作、發展狀況及其影響力，係以國際政治經濟學之國家資本主義作為研究途徑，分析中國國家機器在其對外直接投資活動的作用及影響力，並以英國學者John Dunning的投資發展階段論，將中國對外直接投資之成效置於全球脈絡中進行比較分析，俾能歸納發現中國對外直接投資模式的特色。 經比較分析中國整體及企業個案之對外直接投資發展狀況與影響力，可以發現，中國對外直接投資能力逐漸增強，已具經濟自主能力，刻正由邊陲國家逐漸邁向核心國家。整體而論，中國對外直接投資發展模式與世界主要國家確有所差異：相同之處在於，中國與各國之對外直接投資活動均與國內經濟結構具高度正相關，亦即經濟發展到達一定水準後，才會出現頻密的對外直接投資活動及成果；相異之處在於，各國之民營企業已具國際競爭力並在對外直接投資活動扮演重要角色，惟中國的國有企業較民營企業更具對外直接投資之優勢與能力，投資動機主要係依據國家政策及經濟發展需要，而中國的民營企業則因規模較小，國際競爭力仍有待提升，目前在全球市場尚未形成可觀的影響力。 / For the very first time in 2000, China proposed a clear strategy to have corporations ‘going out,’ encouraging and supporting competent state-owned and private enterprises to invest overseas market. With the backup of the state, this policy enables Chinese corporations to get into the global economic market by means of outward foreign direct investment. In this way, they can affect the operation and management of foreign enterprises so as to advance their own technologies, control channels, and to acquire necessary resources. Moreover, they may combine economic power with political strength effectively, enhancing the comprehensive national power of China gradually so that China may increase its international status to become a superpower in the world. Though market economy is introduced in China, its political system, socialism, remains the same. The Communist government makes the decision concerning its operation and the economic system. In other words, the intervention of the state in the market is furtherer and wider than that of capitalist countries. In order to understand how the state controls enterprises in terms of the operation of outward foreign direct investment, its development, and the influence, the study adopts state capitalism of international political economy as the approach to analyze the function and influence of the state government on outward foreign direct investment. Moreover, the study is aimed at concluding the characteristics of Chinese pattern of outward foreign direct investment by adopting the British economist, John Dunning’s, the theory of investment－development cycle to compare and analyze the outcome of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in the scope of the whole world. After comparing and analyzing how the china overall and enterprises case about development and influence of outward foreign direct investment, it is discovered that China’s ability of outward foreign direct investment is increasing. China has the ability of economic autonomy and is transforming from a country of periphery to a core country. Overall, the development pattern of China’s outward foreign direct investment is indeed different from other major countries. The similarity lies in that there is a significantly positive relationship between the outward foreign direct investment of China and other countries and their domestic economic structure. That is to say, when the development of economy has reached a certain level, frequent outward foreign direct investment and its effects will then appear. On the other hand, the difference lies in that private enterprises in other countries are internationally competent and play an important role in outward foreign direct investment. However, in China, state-owned enterprises have more advantages and capabilities than private enterprises in terms of outward foreign direct investment. The motivation of investment is determined by national policy and the demands of economic development. Moreover, due to the scale being small, private enterprises in China need to improve their international competitiveness. Therefore, they don’t exert as much influence in the global market.

在人口漸趨高齡化的社會中，高齡議題逐漸受到學術研究與政策實務界的關注，本研究則關心高齡志願服務場域的性別隔離現象。本研究企圖從性別的角度出發，探討高齡人口參與志工服務的經驗，探究傳統性別秩序是否在高齡志工領域中產生影響力，進而形成高齡志工領域中性別角色的再製。既有文獻多以女性志工為分析對象，鮮見男性志工的研究資料，因此本研究以台南市醫院志工與社區巡守隊志工為例，透過立意取樣蒐集來自男/女性高齡志工之深度訪談資料，嘗試分析高齡志願服務場域中是否存在水平與垂直之性別隔離現象，並探究其成因，旨在顯示傳統性別秩序是如何影響高齡志工領域性別秩序的建構。研究結果發現，不論是在以女性志工為主的醫院或者以男性志工為主的巡守隊，皆存在水平與垂直性別隔離現象。水平性別隔離現象顯示出男/女性志工或者出於己意或由服務單位所安排，男性志工多集中於體力、應變性質強、具保衛意義的工作上；而女性志工則多集中在情感關懷、家務勞動性質、溝通聯繫等相對單純的任務。水平性別隔離的成因和職場性別隔離之成因相仿，男性多被認為具有理想的勞動身體，以及豐富的社會經驗及膽識；女性則多被認為是需要受到保護、適合單純工作性質的族群。垂直性別隔離的現象尤為明顯；本研究發現，志工隊隊長一職由男性擔任居多，女性主要因為顧慮家庭及質疑自我能力而對領導職務產生退卻的態度而甚少擔任志工隊長。本研究結論為高齡志工領域中的確出現傳統性別分工秩序的再製。 / Ageing is a pressing issue in many societies that has attracted attentions from the academic circle and policy makers. Extensive studies have been conducted to discuss the issue from various perspectives. Few studies discuss from the gender perspective. With the case of volunteers in Tainan City and drawing upon theories about gender segregation, this study aims to critically examine the phenomenon of vertical and horizontal gender segregation in the field of elder voluntary services. Through literature review and in-depth interviews with 17 elder volunteers, female and male, from a hospital and community patrol team, this study seeks to answer the following questions: does gender segregation, vertical as well as horizontal, exist in the field of elder volunteering services? If it does, what are the main factors that contribute to the existence/ reproduction of the traditional gendered division of labour in this field? It is found that both vertical and horizontal gender segregation does exist. Female elder volunteers tend to take up those jobs that are thought to be ‘women’s jobs’ in hospital and community patrol team whilst male elder volunteers tend to do those jobs that are considered as suitable for men. Besides, both in the hospital and community patrol team, men are more confident than women to serve as leaders.

捷克共和國（簡稱捷克）自建國以來，與中華人民共和國（簡稱中國）維持著正式的外交關係。2004年，捷克加入歐盟後，兩國關係更快速進展，乃因中國視捷克為策略夥伴。 為了最佳檢視捷中關係，本論文採用新自由主義當作研究方法，從國際政經的角度來探討，而非從國際安全的角度。 本論文檢視了現任總統執政期間，捷克為深化與中國合作所採取的各種措施。捷克總統曾積極地推動捷中經濟往來以及吸引中國各種可能的投資。除了經濟合作之外，捷中兩國擁有正向的政治關係。捷克政府改變了對中國既有的態度，從“因違反人權而譴責中國以及對捷中進一步合作興趣缺缺”的負面態度大幅度轉變成致力於“維持捷中良好關係、避開敏感話題以及發展實質的合作”的正面態度。本論文藉檢視捷中已簽訂的協議以及捷克官員的言論來探討政治面的議題。此外，也利用其中一個章節來探討捷克與台灣間的非正式關係，以及此一關係如何影響捷中關係。 在歐洲的中部與西部地區當中，捷克並非是中國唯一有興趣往來的國家，本論文透過維謝格拉德集團（Visegrád group）等四國與中國關係的比較來探討中國是否給予捷克任何較為特殊的待遇。 / Since its establishment, the Czech Republic has had an official relationship with the People’s Republic of China. The mutual relationship has been evolving in recent years, however notably from the year 2004 when the Czech Republic join the European Union, which made her a strategic partner in China’s eyes. To provide the best examination of Czech-China relations, I use neoliberalism as a theoretical approach. I apply neoliberalism from an international political economy perspective rather than international security. During the current Presidency period we can examine steps that have been made by the Czech Republic to deepen cooperation with China. The Czech president has been actively involved, especially in economic engagement with China and in attracting possible investment. Besides economic cooperation, these two countries have had a positive political relationship. The Czech government has changed the unofficial approach from 'blaming China for violating human rights and lack of interest in further cooperation especially from the Czech side' into a focus on 'keeping good relations, avoiding sensitive topics, and aiming at developing solid cooperation'. This signals a dramatic change in focus for the Czech Republic. The political section of this research provides the examination of agreements and statements of government officials. One chapter of this section is devoted to unofficial relations between the Czech Republic and Taiwan and how it influences Czech-China relations. The Czech Republic is not the only country in the region of Central and Eastern Europe China is interested in. Comparing the Czech Republic to other Visegrád group (V4) countries leads us to a question as to whether China provides any special treatment to the Czech Republic, therefore an analysis of V4 countries-China relations is also shown in this research.

中國經濟現形於中歐與東歐近期備受關注。16+1合作機制在四年前開始發起，號召增進雙方經濟交流往往被視為中國藉由經濟管道，嘗試提升其在歐洲的政治力量。媒體報導，特定歐盟代表以及研究學者有意識到中國在此地區的投資計畫。然而，OFDI真正的目的是什麼? 抑或中國的動機和其他國家的投資者有所不同? 這篇研究會透過相關分析，試著分析中國決定在這個地區投資的最重要決定因素，同時解讀結果。這些結果也會和其他同行研究做深入探討，來駁斥或是證明現今中國FDI的理論；還有比較中國的投資CEE的基本原則和其投資其他地區的動機。 / Chinese economic presence in the region of Central and Eastern Europe has attracted a lot of attention recently. The establishment of the so called 16+1 initiative four years ago, calling on increase of mutual economic exchange is often believed to be a Chinese bid to increase its political power in Europe by economic means. Media coverage, certain EU representatives and researchers became rather aware of Chinese investment projects in this region. However, what are the real aims this OFDI? Does the rationale to invest in CEE differ from motivations to invest elsewhere? Or are Chinese motivations different from investors from other countries? This work will try to analyze the most important determinants of Chinese decision to invest in this region by correlation analysis and while interpreting the results, those will also be investigated along with other peer studies to dis/prove current theories on China’s FDI; and to compare China’s rationale to invest in CEE with motivations to invest elsewhere.

電子零件通路商在電子零件產業中扮演協調的角色，需要調解上游供應商與下游顧客，減少市場供給與需求間的差距。ABC公司，為亞洲市場數一數二的電子零件通路商，負責企業間的配銷工作，在整體供應鏈中具有緩衝的作用。 ABC公司有兩個主要的銷售模式：非直販與直販模式。兩者差異在於負責訂單管理流程中的角色不同。非直販模式有兩個主要角色：銷售員Sales與產品經理PM (Product Managers)。Sales需負責將產品售出，而PM則負責訂單的達交、履行。而直販模式則只需PM來處理所有訂單或銷售相關的業務。在非直販模式下，Sales的訂單需要經由PM審核通過才算成立。而在訂單要求被拒絕的同時可能造成兩者間的衝突產生。Sales傾向盡可能的銷售較多的產品來達到預期的目標，而PM則需顧慮相應訂單產生的剩餘產品所造成的庫存水準提升的風險。這種情況在訂單履行的問題中非常常見。一般來說，公司會考量訂單達交的預算，包含為了完成此筆訂單的其他成本，如額外的附加運送成本，而Sales通常會被鼓勵採用“Sell what you have”的銷售策略來販售產品以避免額外的庫存產生。 為此，本研究想得知電子零件通路商如何在非直販模式下作訂單決策，釐清它的訂單流程並進一步瞭解影響訂單決策的重要因素。本研究採用訪談作為主要研究方法，透過與與個案公司的Sales與PM的訪談，整理了在非直販模式下的訂單流程與不同的訂單履行策略。本研究成果可幫助企業瞭解非直販模式的接單流程，以及決策所需考量的變數與其影響，有助於提升企業的知識管理功能。

本研究主要目的： １、探討測驗等值法的意義與方法。 ２、垂直等值法檢驗羅桑二氏非語文智力測驗層次BCDE試題排列。 ３、水平等值法建立瑞文氏非文字推理測驗（SPM ）與羅桑二氏非語文智力測驗層次 B 等值分數。 ４、探討IRT 中Rasch model 對傳統等值方法改善心理測驗之成效。 本研究樣本取自台北市立五常國民小學四、五、六年級學生，依年級各隨機抽取五個 班級，以及台北市立五常國民中學二年級學生，依班級人數比率隨機抽取百名研研究 工具包括羅桑二氏非語文智力測驗層次BCDE和瑞文氏非文字推理測驗（SPM ）。 統計分析： １、Wright.B.D以Rasch s logislic model發展之MSCALE, 估計試題難度及受試者能 力, 並考驗資料與模式之適合度。 ２、因素分析檢證測驗是否符合Rasch 單一向度之假設。 ３、迴歸分析線性、百分等值方法。

本研究之目的是試圖將關稅同盟之理論與中間財之理論結合在一起，探討在中間財貿 易之情況下，組成關稅同盟對一國福利水準的影響如何。 除了第一章為序論，說明研究之動機，和最後一章為結論外，共分三大部份，第一部 份是有關文獻的探討，從Jacob Viner 在一九五Ｏ年提供出關稅同盟之理論後，到最 近設定直接效用函數、間接效用函數討論三財 ｎ財之情況。 第二、三部份則是根據Eden S, H. Yu 之方法稍加變更，分別探討純粹中間財，即中間財只用作投入生產最終財，與關稅同 盟之效果；和產業間流通（interindustry flow），即中間財不祇作為投入之用，且 用於最終消費時，組成關稅同盟對該國福利的影響。 #1028837p.abs #1028837p.abs

本研究之撰寫計分五章。第一章為緒論：壹、引言，貳、研究問題與假設，參、名詞 的操作定義。第二章為文獻探討：壹、理論背景，貳、認知型式，參、說服，肆、領 導方式。第三章為研究方法：壹、樣本選取，貳、實驗設計，參、研究工具，肆、實 施程序，伍、統計方法。第四章為結果與討論：壹、統計分析結果，貳、假設驗證。 第五章為結論與建議：壹、結論，貳、建議。 本研究主要在探討認知型式與說服效果之關係。研究設計採用（2×2）多因子實驗設 計，自變項是認知型式（場地獨立性、場地依賴性）和說服方法（直接說服、反態度 說服）應變項是說服效果（態度經說服後所改變之程度）。本研究之假設為：（一） 不同認知型式的人施以直接說服，其說服效果有顯著的差異。（二）不同認知型式的 人施以反態度說服，其說服效果有顯著的差異。（三）不同認知型式的人施以不同的 說服方法，其說服效果有顯著的交互作用存在。

論文摘要： 汽車為現代人不可或缺之交通工具，汽車責任保險關乎社會大眾權益甚巨，不僅僅是保險人與被保險人兩者之間保險契約之關係，尚且關乎汽車意外事故受害第三人之權利，而每個人都有可能成為汽車意外事故之受害第三人。故保障受害第三人之權益即是保障多數人之權益。為使受害第三人之權益能獲得充分周全之保障，於汽車責任保險之中，創立受害第三人直接請求權制度，實不失為一良法。然而於我國無論是強制汽車責任保險受害第三人直接請求權制度抑或是任意汽車責任保險受害第三人直接請求權制度，均存有若干疑義及缺失，因而引發筆者研究動機。本文之研究方法為(1)、比較法研究及(2)、邏輯架構分析法。將全文分成七章予以論述，主要之研究內容為，以責任保險之意義、思潮及功能為開端，進而論述責任被保險人之保險給付請求權及受害第三人之直接請求權並闡述責任被保險人、責任保險人與受害第三人三者彼此之關係及保險給付請求權與直接請求權競合之處理，並進一步檢視我國現行關於受害第三人直接請求權法令規範之缺失，參酌外國立法例及學說，提出改進建議，期能使我國之受害第三人直接請求權制度，邏輯趨於圓滿一致，以杜絕適用疑義，廣增大眾福祉。 / Abstract： An automobile has become a necessary transportation vehicle for modern people. The automobile liability insurance plays an important role on everyone’s rights in our society. The insurance contract doesn’t only signify the relationship between an insurer and the insured , but also refers to the injured third party’s rights during the automobile accident. Because everyone may become a possible automobile accident injured third party, to protect the injured third party’s right means to protect everybody’s citizenship. In order to preserve the injured third party’s right exactly and sufficiently, it is a good method to establish the legislation system empowering the injured third party possessing the authority to exert the automobile liability. However, as far as the injured third party’s action is concerned, there are flaws and imperfection in the system of compulsory automobile liability insurance and optional automobile liability insurance in our country. That is the motivation of this study and the reason why the author draws this paper. The research methods of this paper are the comparative method and the logic framework analysis method. This paper is consisted of seven chapters. The major content of this paper begins with the significance, development and function of the liability insurance. Then, this paper will discuss the right of the liability insured’s payment claim and the injured third party’s direct action, analyze the relationship among the liability insurer, the liability insured and the injured third party, and exposit how to handle the conflict between the right of the liability insured’s payment claim and the injured third party’s direct action. Furthermore, it is important to inspect the imperfection of the current laws and regulations of the injured third party’s direct action in Taiwan. After considering the spirits of the foreign country’s laws, the researcher will pose and recommend the improving methods for the law system of the injured third party’ direct action in our country. The suggestions try to make the law system more coherent and more logical, to eradicate the mess situation in practice, and to fortify the public welfare.

本研究旨在探討校長親信關係的決定因素及其對行政幹部工作態度的影響。本研究採便利取樣選取一二九所公立中等學校為研究對象，回收有效問卷共計主管問卷81份，部屬問卷415份。本研究依校長及行政幹部對雙方關係的看法，將部屬區分為親信幹部（校長認為部屬是親信，部屬也自認是親信）、信任幹部（校長認為部屬是親信，部屬卻不自認是親信）、接近幹部（校長不認部屬是親信，部屬卻自認是親信）、一般幹部（校長不認為部屬是親信，部屬也不自認是親信）四類。本研究並以各項統計方法進行數項假設考驗，所得重要結果如下： 一•本研究所選預測變項（部屬工作能力、部屬忠誠度、逢迎行為、共事時間、關係基礎、人口統計相似性、工作價值觀），對校長知覺的親信關係解釋力較高，對部屬知覺的親信關係解釋力較低。 二•部屬的工作能力、逢迎行為、忠誠度對校長知覺的親信關係具有顯著的解釋力。 三•忠誠度在校長知覺的信任關係上扮演重要的影響力。 四•無論那一類型幹部與校長在體諒貼心與安全信賴二項的知覺皆有明顯不同。在瞭解相知、開放接納二項的知覺皆沒有顯著不同。 五•與其他幹部比較，校長與親信幹部在各項親信關係的知覺較趨於一致。 六•校長在親信關係方面的知覺高於行政幹部，與過去的研究不同。 七•本研究發現親信關係部份知覺差距與部屬工作態度達顯著負相關，顯示校長與部屬知覺差距愈大，則工作態度表現愈低，反之亦然。 八•校長知覺的親信關係、部屬知覺的親信關係二者皆與部屬的工作態度有正相關，然部屬工作態度顯然較受到部屬知覺的親信關係影響。 九•親信幹部與一般幹部在部屬知覺親信關係上的差異最為明顯。 十•接近幹部在部屬知覺親信關係與工作態度上的表現特殊，與信任幹部及一幹幹部比較，皆強於此二類幹部。 十一•不同類別幹部在組織承諾與工作滿意二項上的表現有顯著差別。 另本研究根據研究結果提出數點建議以供參考。 / The determinants of the confidant relationship between the principals and the subordinates, and the influence of relationship on the subordinates' working attitudes Wen-Song Shyu Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of the confidant relationship between the principals and the subordinates, and the influence of relationship on the subordinates' working attitudes. A convenient sampling technique is used, and the research samples 129 public high schools as the object of study. 81 effective questionnaires from the principals and 415 from the subordinates are obtained. According to the cognition of their mutual relation, this research categorizes the subordinates into confidant subordinates（i.e. the principal considers them as his confidants, and they also consider themselves as the principal’s confidants）, trusted subordinates（i.e. the principal considers them as his confidants, but they don’t consider themselves as the principal’s confidants）, accessing subordinates（i.e. the principal doesn’t consider them as his confidants, but they consider themselves as the principal’s confidants） and ordinary subordinates（i.e. neither the principal considers them as his confidants, nor they consider themselves as the principal’s confidants）. Also through compiling statistics from questionnaire survey, this study examines several hypotheses and concludes the following outcomes: 1.The chosen predictive variables（competence, loyalty, flattering activities, the duration of working as colleaques, the bases of the relationship, the similarity of the demographics, the job values）are more likely to explain the principals' perceptions of confidant relationship rather than the subordinates' . 2.The subordinates' loyalty, competence and flattering activities highly interpret how the confidant relationship is developed. 3.Loyalty plays an important role in affecting the principals' perceptions of trusting relationship . 4.No matter which kind of subordinates staffs are, their perceptions in consideration and reliability are quite different from the principals', while both perceptions are not very different in understanding and openness. 5.Compared with the other staffs, the principals' and the confidant subordinates' perceptions in confidant relationship are more likely the same. 6.The perceptions of the principals in confidant relationship are higher than those of their subordinates, which is different from the results of previous studies. 7.The perception differences in confidant relationship have the negative correlation with the subordinates' working attitude. It shows that the higher perception differences are, the worse working performance is, and vice versa. 8.The principals' and subordinates' perceptions in their confidant relationship both have the positive correlation with the subordinates' working attitude. However, the subordinates' working attitudes obviously are influenced by the subordinates' perceptions of confidant relationship . 9.The most significant difference of subordinates' perceptions in their confidant relationship is between the confidant subordinates and the ordinary subordinates. 10.Accessing subordinates' perceptions in confidant relationship and their working attitude show a unique result, which is better when compared with the trusted and ordinary subordinates. 11.There are significant differences in organizational commitment and job satisfaction among the four kinds of subordinates. Besides, this research also provides several suggestions for reference according to the consequences. Keywords: confidant relationship, differential matrices, vertical dyad linkage mode, leader-member exchange theory, working attitude