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シソ科植物由来芳香成分の鎮静活性に関する研究伊藤, 謙 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬学) / 甲第18220号 / 薬博第810号 / 新制||薬||238(附属図書館) / 31078 / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科医療薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 金子 周司, 教授 掛谷 秀昭, 教授 髙倉 喜信 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
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甘松香由来セスキテルペノイドの鎮静活性に関する研究竹元, 裕明 24 September 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(薬学) / 乙第12959号 / 論薬博第770号 / 新制||薬||239(附属図書館) / 32358 / 京都大学薬学研究科創薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 金子 周司, 教授 橋田 充, 教授 髙倉 喜信 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
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中國鄉鎮社區敎育: 浙江省柯橋鎮的發展經驗 = Community education in rural China : a case study in Keqiao County in Zhejiang Province. / Community education in rural China: a case study in Keqiao County in Zhejiang Province / Zhongguo xiang zhen she qu jiao yu: Zhejiang Sheng Keqiao Zhen de fa zhan jing yan = Community education in rural China : a case study in Keqiao County in Zhejiang Province.January 1998 (has links)
許善娟. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 157-163. / 中英文提要. / Xu Shanjuan. / Chapter 第一章: --- 問題闡釋 / Chapter 第一節: --- 硏究背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節: --- 中國的鄉鎭社區的發展 --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節: --- 社區教育 --- p.10 / Chapter 第四節: --- 社區參與 --- p.19 / Chapter 第五節: --- 硏究問題 --- p.23 / Chapter 第二章: --- 文獻綜述 / Chapter 第一節: --- 中國的ˇёإ鎮教育 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二節: --- 社區發展與社區教育 --- p.24 / Chapter 第三節: --- 社區參與 --- p.28 / Chapter 第四節: --- 社區教育的目標 --- p.28 / Chapter 第五節: --- 社區教育的參與機制 --- p.31 / Chapter 第六節: --- 社區教育的內容 --- p.32 / Chapter 第七節: --- 社區教育的特色 --- p.36 / Chapter 第三章: --- 硏究設計 / Chapter 第一節: --- 硏究意義 --- p.38 / Chapter 第二節: --- 硏究目的 --- p.38 / Chapter 第三節: --- 硏究範圍 --- p.39 / Chapter 第四節: --- 硏究對象 --- p.39 / Chapter 第五節: --- 硏究方法 --- p.40 / Chapter 第六節: --- 硏究限制 --- p.45 / Chapter 第四章: --- 柯橋鎭的槪況與其社區教育的發展 / Chapter 第一節: --- 柯橋鎭的槪況與其社區教育的發展 --- p.46 / Chapter 第二節: --- 小結 --- p.62 / Chapter 第五章: --- 柯橋鎭社區教育的活動內容 / Chapter 第一節: --- 社區成員參與學校教育的內容 --- p.64 / Chapter 第二節: --- 學校參與社區發展的內容 --- p.83 / Chapter 第三節: --- 小結 --- p.90 / Chapter 第六章: --- 柯橋社區成員對於參與社區教育的認識和態度 / Chapter 第一節: --- 社區成員對於參與社區教育的認識和態度 --- p.94 / Chapter 第二節: --- 小結 --- p.115 / Chapter 第七章: --- 柯橋社區成員參與社區教育的作用 / Chapter 第一節: --- 對學校教育的作用 --- p.119 / Chapter 第二節: --- 對社區發展的作用 --- p.131 / Chapter 第三節: --- 小結 --- p.135 / Chapter 第八章: --- 總論 / Chapter 第一節: --- 對中國ˇёإ鎭社區教育的啓示 --- p.139 / Chapter 第二節: --- 對西方社區教育的理論的回應 --- p.144 / 附錄一:訪問問題 --- p.149 / 附錄二 :實地工作紀要 --- p.155 / 參考書目 --- p.157
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台灣省鄉鎮縣轄市公所公務人員工作滿足之研究黃台生, Huang, Tai-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
一、第一章緒論,分三節:第一節說明研究的動機與目的,第二節說明研究的問題
與驗證假設,第三節說明本研究之設計:包括研究方法,研究工具與研究變數之選
擇,並提出研究的基本架構,設定研究場合並進行抽樣設計,以及說明如何蒐集資
料和分析資料。此後進入本論範圍。
二、第二章透視工作滿足之理論,著重於概念及理論的抽象層面上,分四節:第一
節說明工作滿足研究發展情形,第二節探討工作滿足之概念,並澄清概念的混淆存
在。第三節說明工作滿足之理論基礎,亦即需要理論、人性理論、手段理論、公平
理論。第四節說明工作滿足與組織行為的關係。
三、自第三章開始,則係根據個案調查的結果,從事衡量分析,及至第五章止。所
使用的工具係配合我國行政生態環境的特質而設計的「態度量表」。至於處理的方
式,則為在第四、五兩章各節中分別提示有關的概念與理論,然後再從事衡量與分
析,而提示概念與理論之目的,厥為在本文說明上有其基礎。準此,第三章至第五
章之內容如次:
第三章調查樣本工作滿足之綜合分析,分四節,第一節說明調查樣本的特性,第二
節為調查樣本工作滿足之程度,第三節說明個人基本特徵與工作滿足之關係,第四
節整體滿足與工作態度各構面間之關係。
第四章第五章則就工作滿足各構面予以分析。各節依次說明調查樣本對工作本身、
工作條件、升遷發展、待遇福利、僚屬關係、同仁關係、組織認同等七個構面滿足
情形,以及個人基本特徵與七個構面的關係。
四、最後一章(第六章)則為結論,亦有四節:第一節旨在歸納研究發現,第二節
就所發現旳問題予以檢討分析,第三節為提出建議,作為有關當局改進之參考,至
於第四節則說明本研究乃是實驗研究的嘗試,當然有相當的限制,因此未來研究者
應力求排除這些限制,或可期望獲得更佳的成果。
#2810413
#2810413
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大陸鄉鎮企業對國有企業經營績效之影響-以工業部門為例詹雅惠, Ya-Hui Chan Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要是利用中國統計年鑑、中國鄉鎮企業年鑑、中國工業經濟統計年鑑及1995年第三次全國工業普查資料匯編各年版所提供的一九九五至一九九七年期間大陸工業三十三個產業別之追蹤資料,研究大陸鄉鎮企業對國有企業經營績效之影響。本文所定義的國有企業經營績效,主要分為兩部分:一為大陸國有企業的獲利能力,一為大陸國有企業的生產技術效率。在大陸國有企業的獲利能力部分,本研究論文是採用固定效果模型(fixed-effect model)之迴歸模型來探討大陸鄉鎮企業的產業發展對國有企業獲利能力的影響。接著在大陸國有企業的生產技術效率部分,本研究論文則採用Battese and Coelli(1995)提出的具有轉移對數形式及可採用時序加截面數據的隨機邊界生產函數模型(stochastic frontier production function model),來探討大陸鄉鎮企業的產業發展對國有企業技術效率的影響。
本文主要的研究發現為,大陸鄉鎮企業確實對國有企業之經營績效產生不利影響。從區分的產業類別來看,大陸鄉鎮企業對國有輕工業部門經營績效之影響,已由損害獲利階段進入不利技術效率之階段,而國有重工業部門則停留在受鄉鎮企業負面影響獲利的階段,此乃由於鄉鎮企業發展階段的不同,所造成的影響結果亦有所差異。在本文之研究期間,鄉鎮企業在輕工業的發展已趨成熟,並開始積極發展重工業部門,所以國有之重工業部門依循其輕工業受影響模式,已出現獲利受到鄉鎮企業影響而下降之情形。
其次,本文之實證結果顯示,國有企業規模對其經營績效有顯著的助益效果。規模較大之國有企業尤其是大型國有之重工業,確實存在顯著的規模經濟效益。亦顯現出大陸政府自一九九0年開始,希望透過國有企業資源之整合,促進其發揮規模經濟效益之政策,在一九九五至一九九七年期間可能已在國有企業及其重工業部門初見成效。
此外,本文之實證結果顯示,資金密集度對國有重工業部門產生不利技術效率的影響,對其獲利能力並無顯著影響。
雖然,本文之研究結果顯示,大陸鄉鎮企業確實對國有企業之經營績效產生不利影響,但這僅是短期之現象,本論文認為鄉鎮企業所扮演的角色除了是市場競爭者外,其更應積極的被視為篩選國有企業之機制,經由鄉鎮企業的競爭壓力及短期內之不利影響,可迫使國有企業為保護其獲利不被損害及在市場上繼續生存,必須採取反應措施,而逐漸走向符合市場經濟的制度,例如讓營運不佳的企業在競爭下自市場退出、選擇適當的技術路線、發展具生產利益的產業及企業必須加強產品的創新,以獲取較高的創新利潤等回應措施。若國有企業在長期下真能依循上述模型進行調整,則國有企業之技術效率將有所提昇,並能改善其獲利低下的情況,進而達到經營績效改善。依此看來,本論文認為鄉鎮企業所發揮的是更為積極、穩定的改革力量,促使國有企業長期且持續的進行經營績效改善。
因此,在解決大陸國有企業經營績效的問題時,國有企業制度的改革固然重要,但若大陸政府在推行改革時,能加以考量鄉鎮企業發展此一重要因素,將大陸鄉鎮企業之發展視為篩選國有企業之機制,淘汰不適於市場機制、競爭力不足、虧損之國有企業,則長期下將可使國有企業達到經營績效改善之效果。 / This thesis investigates the influence of township-village enterprises (TVEs) on the performance of China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Industrial-based panel data from 1995~1997 provided by various published years of the China Statistical Year Book , China Industry Economy Statistical Year Book, The data of The Third National Industiral Census of The People’s Repiblic of China in 1995, and China Township-Village Enterprises Year Book are adopted to estimate the fixed-effect model of SOEs’ profit rate function, and stochastic frontier production function model of SOEs’ technical efficiency function.
The primary finding is that the profit rate in the heavy industry and the technical efficiency in light industry of China’ SOEs are both influenced negatively by the output share of TVEs, the above proves the influence of TVEs on the performance of SOEs has changed from profit loses to technical inefficiency, but this condition won’t exist for long because of the policies to improve performance adopted by SOEs , like relocation factors, adjustment size or any useful acts will take effect.
Secondly, larger scale of SOEs, especially in heavy industry, gets higher profit rate and higher technical efficiency, the conclusion indicate that size of SOEs brings improvement of performance to SOEs.
Besides, improvement of the technical efficiency of SOEs is crossed in capital intensive, but has no effect on profitability.
The above proves that SOEs will against the competition by reactions in policy, as long as longtime performance, the technical efficiency of SOEs will make great advances. Therefore, for solving the problem about the performance of SOEs, besides the innovation in economic system, China should concern about the competitiveness of TVEs. In conclusion, China should regard TVEs not only as a competitor but also as a mechanism to sift out uncompetitive SOEs from China’s market so that the performance of SOEs can be improved to reach the crucial position in China.
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企業改制後的村民自治-從鄉政村治的角度 / The Relationship between Village Firm Property Rights Reform and Grassroots Democracy林麗娥 Unknown Date (has links)
人民公社制度解體後,村民自治組織成為基層管理的替代組織。村民自治對中國的民主政治建設產生了積極而又深遠的影響,但是村民自治組織在實際運作過程中,鄉鎮政府的管理和基層黨支部的直接領導機制依然在發揮重要作用,甚至在有些方面居於主導地位,不可避免引起權力間的衝突,影響基層選舉的品質。本文探討九○年代以來鄉鎮企業產權改革與九○年代末逐漸成熟的農村基層民主之間的互動關係,提出對中國農村經濟發展與政治民主之間的看法。 / Villagers' self-governing organizations, which are substitutes for the people's communes that were disintegrated, constitute the important means for governing rural areas in contemporary China. But in the operation of villagers self-governing organizations, the administration of village and town government and direct leadership mechanism of party branches at the grassroots’ level are still playing an important role, or even a leading role in some aspects, which causes unavoidable power conflicts. The paper discusses the interaction between the changes in the property rights of village enterprises in the late 1990’s and the development of grassroots democracy-villager self government and elections.
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牛李黨爭的分野 —— 一個政治史的分析歐姍姍, Ou, Shan Shan Unknown Date (has links)
自陳寅恪於40年代提出牛李黨爭的分野說法後,圍繞著陳寅恪觀點引發的種種議論,推動了「牛李黨爭」成為唐史研究中最廣泛、也最熱門的研究課題。然而歷經半個世紀以來文史領域研究者對此課題的熱烈討論,中間更伴隨著新資料的出土與運用,新論點的引入與闡發;雖然豐富了研究視野,也衍生出許多新的方向,但不解的是,隨著研究成果的累積,卻沒有對「牛李黨爭分野」這個課題建立起某種共識或定論。研究的增多,反使得牛李黨爭的分野觀點,呈現一種全由研究者說了算的情況;牛李黨爭不是來自於牛李黨人間的對立,反而是來自於研究者間的論爭。
造成這種情況的主因,是因為這些研究多是以陳寅恪觀點而展開,以他的觀點作為研究的基礎,故難以跳脫出陳寅恪的範圍去開發新的論點,但又對陳寅恪觀點繼承不完全,再加上研究者個人主觀意識的不同、史料閱讀的深淺有別、觀感不一,以致形成眾說紛紜的狀況,最後陷入牛李黨爭的死胡同。也就是說,「牛李黨爭」之所以成為「難解之結」,問題並不完全是在事件的本質上,而是因為後人的解讀不同所造成。同樣是解讀牛李黨爭,因著研究者的不同思想、不同身世背景、在不同的情境下演出,便傳遞著不同的文化意涵。
因此要釐清這樣一個混雜情況,整理歷來牛李黨爭分野的各個觀點,作實證的分析是有相當的必要。本文歸納出黨爭中最主要的幾個分野焦點:科舉、門第、仕途、藩鎮,並就這四個部分對牛李黨人做實證考察,以檢驗歷來黨爭的分野觀點對牛李兩黨的劃分有何不足之處。
在這樣一個對牛李黨爭分野假設的實證過程中,必須不斷的與前輩學者的論點對話。因為過去的研究多糾結在要對黨爭尋求出「分野」的限制中,所以本文最後將試著用宏觀的角度,從歷史演變的軌跡、政治結構的變化、行政體系的運作,重新檢視牛李黨爭這個政治事件發生的源頭與脈絡,希望能跳脫出過去研究的糾葛,對黨爭研究提出較具包容性的解釋,以期解開牛李黨爭這個難解之結。
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民事調解制度與相關調解案例分析 – 以鄉鎮市調解為中心 / Studies of civil mediation system and cases on townships mediation童淑枝, Tung, Shu Chih Unknown Date (has links)
本文是以調解案例從實體裁判從程序制度來觀察,探討如何有效銜接法院裁判與民事調解,有檢討法律規範之不夠週全處,亦有探求調解制度功能之不明處。惟不涉足地方派系涉不涉入調解委員會對其人事功能之影響,亦不考量其政治、社會或經濟利益之獲取效應。
期以鄉鎮市調解委員會成立伊始公斷說和、息紛止爭之初衷,輔以調解委員個案正義觸煤角色功能之發揮,切實扮演賦予當事人有優先選擇係爭程序利益(達成迅速而經濟之裁判)之機會,而不僅賦予當事人有優先選擇追求係爭實體利益(達成慎重而正確之裁判)之機會而已,最終能達成疏減法院訟源,提昇國人法治素質之理想目標 / This article is based on mediation cases to observe from entity verdicts and process systems, discusses how to effectively link courthouse verdicts and civil mediations, includes to discuss the incomprehensive parts of the legal regulations, and to discover the ambiguous parts of the comprehensive system, but neither involves with the affections whether the local factions would involve with the mediation committee regarding to the personnel functions, nor involve with acquisition affects of its politics, society or economic benefits.
Hope to achieve the original intentions of establishing township mediation committees to arbitrate and reconcile, discontinue disputations , to help the mediation committee to develop its contactor functions on individual case justices, to actually play the role of giving the litigators the priority opportunity to choose procedural benefits (can complete quickly and economically), but not only giving the litigators the priority opportunity to choose substantive benefits (can achieve prudent and correct verdicts), finally can achieve to reduce the courthouse’s litigation sources, reach the goal of enhancing the quality of people’s rule of law.
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廣西賀街鎮的地方宗教研究. / Local religion at Hejie, Guangxi / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Guangxi Hejie Zhen de di fang zong jiao yan jiu.January 2010 (has links)
Based on the ample fieldwork studies, this thesis argues that the landscape of local religion changes simultaneously with the change of Chinese local society. And it is local religion, which was easily to be overlooked, that reflects the lifestyle and organizational style of ordinary Chinese people, and influences their logic of behavior. / By describing the above dimensions of local religion, this thesis explores the roles of local religion played in the construction of social order and its operational mechanism. It argues that the reason why Chinese local religion is able to revive after several political movements against it, and even survive nowadays in the process of modernization and urbanization, lies mainly in its flexibility. The cases involved in this thesis, for example, the transformation between temple and lineage hall, the different images of the same local deity according to different phases and groups of people, the alliance of religious ritual specialists in the name of 'performance group of art' and 'performance group of magic', etc., all together show the flexibility of local religion. And such flexibility allows local religion to offer various kinds of flexible self-organizational models to local society, according to different social needs. / This thesis discusses local religion at Hejie, Guangxi, during the period between 1858 and 2009, drawing on a variety of sources, including gazetteers, official documents, stele inscriptions, writing collections of local literati, oral historical materials, ritual performances, observations of temple festivals, etc. It concerns with multiple dimensions regarding with the landscape of local religion at Hejie, such as the organization of religious institutions, the construction of local deities, unities and diversities in temple festivals, ritual specialists (both Taoists and Mediums) and their contemporary alliance, etc. / 劉泳斯. / Adviser: Wai Lun Tam. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-202). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liu Yongsi.
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中國大陸城鎮勞動力失業問題之經濟分析 / An Economic Analysis Of Unemployment In Urban Areas Of Mainland China黃志強, Huang, Chih-Chiang Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要在探討現階段(1979年改革開放後)大陸城鎮地區勞動力失業問題,包括城鎮人力資源、公開性失業、下崗職工、冗員、隱性失業、勞動力低度運用問題,以及這些問題造成人力閑置、國民經濟損失之經濟分析。
人力資源是經濟發展過程中最重要的因素。充分開發利用人力資源,不僅是社會經濟的需要,也是勞動者自身生存和發展的需要。大陸城鎮人力資源呈穩定增長趨勢,就業人口到1998年末達到20,678萬人,占總就業人口29.6%。按人力資源充分開發利用的要求來看,在大陸城鎮地區還有相當的差距。主要表現在人力資源事實上存在一定的閑置。分為兩個方面來談:
一是城鎮存在大批失業人口。1992年以來大陸城鎮的登記失業人口一直保持上升趨勢,1998年登記失業人口為571萬人,登記失業率為3.1%。另外,按1995年1%人口抽樣調查資料計算結果, 1998年調查失業人口(其中包括從未工作和失去工作正尋找工作者)為1,145萬人,調查失業率為6.2%,相當於登記失業率的2倍。若再將下崗職工併入計算,則1998年城鎮真實失業人口測算為1,528萬人,真實失業率為6.9%。
其二是城鎮勞動力有相當部份是處於不充分就業(隱性失業)狀態。包括了企業等單位之冗員(富餘人員)、被迫(破產、停產)下崗職工、提前退休職工。據測算,目前大陸城鎮企業—主要是國有企業,隱性失業人口為3,207萬人,隱性失業率為15.1%。
綜上所述,失業造成人力資源的閑置(包括公開失業及隱性失業)達到了3,778萬人,人力閑置率為17.8%。另外,透過Okun’s law,可算出1998年真實失業率6.9%之下導致國民生產(GDP)的損失比重最高達到13%。失業問題可說是帶給中共當局及人民帶來極大的經濟負擔。
近年來,中共積極推動「再就業工程」政策,試圖照顧及安置失業和下崗職工再就業,實施以來,雖獲得相當之效果。不過,在執行過程中,由於存在來自政策、資金、社會及職工本身的許多障礙,使得效果大打折扣。基於此,提出擴大勞動力需求量、降低勞動力供給與健全勞動力市場三種途徑,配合社會保障制度之完善來解決大陸城鎮失業問題。
大陸政經環境變化一向牽動兩岸經貿的發展,蓋勞動面的因素(就業政策、工資結構和勞資糾紛秩序)更是台商投資大陸的關鍵動機,牽涉我國對兩岸互動政策的規劃。值此兩岸經貿愈趨頻繁之際,熟悉大陸城鎮勞動力就業現況與趨勢,乃是極為重要的課題之一。 / This essay is related to research the unemployment of labor force in urban areas of Mainland China after the reform in 1979. It includes urban’s labor resources, open unemployment, laid-off workers, supernumerary, disguised unemployment, labor utilized inadequately problems, and idleness as well as the economic analysis of GDP loss caused by these above problems.
Human resource is the most important factor in economic developing process. Sufficiently utilizing human resource is not only the demand of social economy, but also that of labors’ existence and development. Human resource in urban areas of Mainland China is the steady rising trend so that the number of employed population archived 206,780,000 till the end of 1998, 29.6 percent of the total employed population. According to the request of sufficiently utilizing human resource, it is a quite gap, the existence of idleness in human resource, in urban areas of Mainland China. There are two main points detailed below:
First, there are most unemployed population occurred in urban areas. From 1992, the registered unemployed people in urban areas still remain the rising trend. For example, the number of the registered unemployed people is 5,710,000 as well as the rate of the registered unemployed people is 3.1 percent in 1998. In addition, based on the outcome of the random sampling of one percent of people in 1995, the examined unemployed people in 1998 is 6.2 percent, equaled to twice of the registered unemployed rate. Thus, if calculated with laid-off workers, the number of the real unemployed population in urban areas in 1998 is approximately 15,280,000 and the real unemployment rate is 6.9 percent around.
Secondly, there are fairly disguised unemployment happened in urban’s labor, included supernumerary, laid-off workers, and prematurely retired workers in enterprises. According to measure corporations in urban corporation of Mainland China, most is state-owned enterprise; the disguised unemployment is 32,070,000; the disguised unemployment rate is 15.1 percent.
To summarize, the amount of the idleness of human resource caused by unemployment, included open and disguised ones, archives 37,780,000 and the rate of labor resources idleness is 17.8 percent. Moreover, the rate of GDP loss reached 13 percent under the real unemployed rate, 6.9 percent, in 1998 calculated by Okun’s law. Hence, the unemployed question brings the huge economic load for people and state of Mainland China.
Recently, the state of Mainland China aggressively pushes “re-employment engineering“ policy. It tries to care and settle the unemployment and laid-off workers to re-employ in enterprise. Since accomplishing this policy, the outcome doesn’t very outstand obviously although it got some effects in fact, because there are many obstructions from policy, capital, society, and labors’ selves during the performing process. Consequently, this essay provides three ways, the expanding labor demand, the lowering labor supply, and establish labor market, to mach the social security system in order to perfectly solve the unemployed questions in urban areas of Mainland China.
Any change of politic and economic environment must bring the development of cross-strait economy. Further, the factors from labor sides, such as the employed policy, the wage structure, and the strife discipline of labor relation, are main incentives of Formosan businessmen to invest in Mainland China since they are related to the cross-strait plan from Formosa to Mainland China. Thence, it’s one of the most courses to acquaint the current and trend of employed labors in urban areas of Mainland China upon the frequent cross-strait economy.
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