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Sveriges regering har beslutat att år 2045 ska Sverige inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser. Detta beslut innebär att alla branscher i Sverige bör ställa om och börja arbeta mer aktivt för att nå det uppsatta målet. Inom byggsektorn har initiativet ”Färdplan 2045” startats för att uppnå nettonollutsläpp. Entreprenadföretagen har ofta egna framarbetade visioner och uppsatta krav och mål gällande hållbarhetsarbete. Utöver dessa har beställare för byggprojekt olika krav på arbetet med hållbarhet. Ett problemområde är komplexiteten i att arbeta hållbart hos ett entreprenadföretag där hänsyn ska tas till företagets egen strategi, beställarens krav samt att ledningen ska kommunicera ut hur det hållbara arbetet konkret ska genomföras i produktionen. Det gäller för entreprenadföretag att arbeta för att skapa de bästa möjliga förutsättningarna i produktionen för att arbeta hållbart, bibehålla kvalité och vara konkurrenskraftiga. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att kartlägga hur ledningar hos entreprenadföretag arbetar med krav och mål inom ekologisk hållbarhet och hur dessa konkretiseras och kommuniceras till produktionen och deras chefer idag. Detta har genomförts som en fallstudie på ett entreprenadföretag där representanter från staben, projektchefer och platschefer medverkat. Målet med studien är att utveckla ett arbetssätt som bidrar till att skapa förutsättningar för ett gott projekt genom att ta fram förslag på en handlingsplan som utgår från företagets egen hållbarhetsstrategi. För att studera detta nyttjas både ett top-down perspektiv och ett bottom-up perspektiv. För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en studie av utforskande karaktär nyttjats. Detta för att öka förståelsen och genomföra en nulägeskartläggning av hur arbetet och kommunikationen kring ekologisk hållbarhet fungerar idag hos fallföretaget. Den ansats som nyttjas för studien är av induktiv karaktär med observationer i verkligheten i form av intervjuer och en fokusgrupp. Detta har sedan analyserats mot befintlig litteratur inom de berörda områdena för att slutligen ta fram förslag på en handlingsplan för att utveckla arbetet. Forskningsstrategin som nyttjats för studien är kvalitativ. Detta eftersom studiens fokus är att skapa en större medvetenhet och öka förståelsen för arbetet och kommunikationen kring ekologisk hållbarhet. För att samla in data till studien har en litteraturstudie, tio intervjuer och en fokusgrupp genomförts. Fallföretagets intranät har också använts. För att säkra kvalité och studiens validitet har handledare som fått ge feedback nyttjats tillsammans med triangulering. För att stärka replikerbarheten av studien har ett avsnitt med operationalisering av studiens metodisk arbetats fram.  Studien bekräftar att det idag ofta ställs många krav inom ekologisk hållbarhet på entreprenadföretagen då beställare har ett antal varierande krav, beroende på hur engagerade de själva är i frågan kring hållbarhet, tillsammans med entreprenadföretagens interna krav och eventuella krav från myndigheter som ska uppfyllas. Entreprenadföretagen måste därför vara flexibla och kunna anpassa sig till olika krav.  Utifrån intervjuerna med representanter från fallföretaget och den genomförda nulägesanalysen har staben i dagsläget bäst förutsättningar att arbeta med ekologisk hållbarhet. Hos projektcheferna finns en del förutsättningar idag, men det uppstår brister i förutsättningarna eftersom outputs från staben inte stämmer överens med upplevda inputs hos projektcheferna. Beträffande platscheferna är förutsättningarna för att arbeta med hållbarhet sämre än hos staben och projektcheferna. Detta beror på att projektchefernas outputs inte stämmer överens med platschefernas upplevda inputs. Stabens outputs når därmed inte heller hela vägen ner till platscheferna. Det finns med utgångspunkt i detta ett antal förbättringsområden inom arbetet med ekologisk hållbarhet för att få en helhet i kedjan från stab ner till platschefer. Utifrån dessa förbättringsområden har ett förslag till handlingsplan arbetats fram som en fokusgrupp sedan fått bidra till. Handlingsplanen består av kolumnerna upplevda förbättringsområden, mål, förslag på aktiviteter, varför, ansvarig och förslag tidplan. Syftet med handlingsplanen är att ge ett förslag på hur fallföretaget kan utveckla hållbarhetsarbetet inom ekologisk hållbarhet och därmed skapa bättre förutsättningar för goda projekt. / The Swedish Government has decided that by year 2045, Sweden will have no net emissions of greenhouse gases. This decision means that all industries in Sweden should change and start working more actively to achieve the set goal. In the construction sector, the initiative “Färdplan 2045” (Roadmap 2045) has been started to achieve net zero emissions. The contracting companies often have their own visions and set requirements and goals regarding sustainability work. In addition to these, clients for construction projects have different requirements for work with sustainability. One problem area is the complexity of working in a sustainable way at a contracting company where the company’s own strategy and the client’s requirements must be considered. Beyond that, the management at the company must communicate how the work with sustainability should be carried out correctly in the production. It is important for construction companies to work and create the best possible conditions in the production to work sustainably, maintain quality and be competitive.  The aim of the thesis has been to map how the management of construction companies work with requirements and goals in ecological sustainability and how these are concretized and communicated to the production and their managers today. This has been carried out as a case study at a construction company in which representatives from the staff, project managers and site managers participated. The goal with the study is to develop a way of working that contributes to creating the conditions for a good project by developing proposals for an action plan based on the company’s own sustainability strategy. To study this, a top-down and a bottom-up perspective are used.  To achieve the aim, an exploratory research has been used. This is to increase the understanding and carry out a current situation survey of how the work and communication with ecological sustainability works today at the chosen construction company. The research approach used for the thesis is of an inductive nature based on observation in form of interviews and a focus group. Further on, this has been analysed against existing literature in relevant areas to finally produce proposals for an action plan to develop the work. The research strategy used for the thesis is qualitative. This is because the focus of the thesis is to create awareness and increase the understanding of the work and communication about ecological sustainability. To collect data for this thesis a literature study, ten interviews and a focus group were conducted. The case company’s intranet has also been used. To ensure quality and validity of the thesis, supervisors has provided feedback. Triangulation has also been used. To strengthen the replicability of the thesis, a section with operationalization of the thesis methodological work has been developed.  The study confirms that there are many requirements regarding ecological sustainability for construction companies due to that clients have several varying requirements, depending on how committed they themselves are to the issue of sustainability. This together with the construction companies’ internal requirements and eventual requirements from authorities means many varying requirements for the construction companies. Contractors must therefore be flexible and able to adapt to different requirements.  Based on the interviews with representatives from the case company and the completed current situation analysis, the staff currently has the best conditions to work with ecological sustainability. The project managers have some prerequisites today, but there are shortcomings in the prerequisites because outputs from the staff do not correspond with perceived inputs from the project managers. Regarding the site managers, the conditions for working with sustainability are worse than with the staff and project managers. This is because the project managers outputs do not match the site managers perceived inputs. Hence, the outputs from the staff do not reach all the way down to the site managers either. Based on this, there are several areas for improvement in the work with ecological sustainability to get a whole chain from staff down to site managers. Based on these areas for improvement, a proposal for an action plan has been developed which a focus group has contributed to. The action plan consists of the columns perceived areas for improvement, goals, suggestions for activities, why, responsible person and a suggestion of schedule. The aim with the action plan is to provide a proposal on how the case company can develop the sustainability work within the ecological sustainability and thereby create better conditions for good projects.

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The aim of this study was to establish an action plan whose implementation would improve waste management practices in demolition and rehabilitation operations and improve the recovery of waste from these operations in accordance with the hierarchy established by the European regulations in the Waste Framework Directive of 19 November 2008. This study made it possible to establish a diagnosis of the current state of waste management in the building sector and to identify the various brakes preventing better waste recovery. For these brakes, levers for improvement were identified by a literature study, associated with concrete examples of innovative solutions implemented by companies in France. A systemic approach to the building sector was used to identify the brakes and levers for improvement. This macroscopic approach took into consideration all the players in the sector as well as all the phases (upstream and downstream) of a demolition or rehabilitation project. On the basis of the brakes and levers identified, graphs representing the causal links between the brakes and the levers of improvement were drawn up. The superimposition of these graphs made it possible to draw up brake-lever pairs, which together forms the basis for the action plan for improving waste recovery. Being limited to demolition and rehabilitation operations only, the method carried out in this study may also be used in future studies applying this protocol to the entire building sector including also infrastructures. The action plan established in this study could thereby be enriched. The second step will be to put the action plan into practice on a "test" work site and to study the impact of the improvement levers on waste recovery in order to conclude on the relevance of this action plan.

Bakgrund: Under en operation förlorar patienter sitt medvetande och sin förmåga att upprätthålla sin egen andning. Här är anestesisjuksköterskan oumbärlig och har till uppgift att säkerställa ventilation samt oxygenering för patienten. För att identifiera den svåra luftvägen görs en luftvägsbedömning preoperativt och denna ligger till grund för vilka luftvägshjälpmedel som ska finna nära till hands. Att kunna identifiera, bedöma och förebygga risker vid en svår luftväg är en viktig egenskap för anestesisjuksköterskor. Syfte: Att belysa anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelser av att ställas inför en svår luftväg. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes. Åtta anestesisjuksköterskor intervjuades med en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Intervjuerna analyserades via en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom fyra kategorier: Förberedelser påverkar, Känslor i arbetet, Teamarbetets betydelse, Tekniska svårigheter samt att ett tema framträdde: Erfarenhet: en grundsten för trygghet. Konklusion: Konklusionen av denna studie belyser vikten av snabb och korrekt hantering när en anestesisjuksköterska ställs inför en svår luftväg under generell anestesi. För att förebygga de utmaningar som anestesisjuksköterskorna ställs inför krävs en utarbetad handlingsplan, stark kommunikation, effektivt teamarbete samt en god arbetsmiljö. / Background: Patients lose consciousness and their ability to maintain their own breathing during surgery. The anesthetic nurse is essential since they are responsible for ensuring the patient´s ventilation and oxygenation. To identify a potentially challenging airway a preoperative airway assessment is conducted, informing which airway aid should be readily available. The ability to identify, evaluate and minimize risks linked with challenging airways is an essential skill for an anesthetic nurse. Purpose: To illuminate the experiences of anesthesia nurses when confronted with a difficult airway. Method: A qualitative approach with an inductive methodology was employed. Eight anesthetic nurse participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: Impact of preparation, Emotional aspects of work, Significance of teamwork, Technical challenges, with a recurring theme: Experience as a cornerstone for confidence. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study highlights how important it is to manage quickly and accurately when anesthetic nurses encounter difficult airways during general anesthesia. A well-prepared action plan, effective communication, teamwork and supportive work environment are essential in addressing the challenges faced by the anesthetic nurse.

All companies, are vulnerable to events that could impact their reputation. These events can arise from various factors, such as a company's employment practices, economics, natural disasters, pollution, poor governance or poor management. Effective risk managers identify the different circumstances and factors that may impact on the reputation of a company, prior to the incident occurring. In order to assist risk managers, this dissertation proposes a structured approach to the management of reputational risks, which would ensure that the impact on the reputation of the company is minimised. The proposed approach was collated and deduced from the actions taken by companies that have suffered attacks against their reputations, but have successfully mitigated the consequences and minimised the damage to their reputations. Specific South African legislative requirements are also taken into account. This approach is highlighted and confirmed by contrasting it to the actions taken by companies that failed to counter the attacks on their reputation. / Business Management / M.Com. (Business Management)

Title: A marketing plan Aquapark Plovarna Hranice na Morave Targets: The main objective is to create a marketing plan focusing on key groups of customers Aquapark Plovarna Hranice na Morave. Making this plan should serve to more efficient use of the sports facilities and a strategic planning approach to individual customer groups - children under 6 years of age, youth, students, adults, seniors, parents with children up to 6 years, visitors courses and other visitors. The secondary objectives include identifying opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses waterpark, exploring variations marketing strategies and obtain feedback on the marketing mix from customers waterpark. The objectives stated in essence, linked to the main objective, therefore, have the primary objective correlate. Methods: By keeping the water park was acquired annual report, as well as internal guidelines, and also allow implementation of primary data collection with staff who had a form of semi-structured interview with three staff waterpark. Others have used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and polls. The analysis was conducted through studying the primary sources of information, SWOT analysis and situational analysis. The object of comparison were competing entities, this method has been used publicly available...

This diploma thesis researches which activities state cities in their strategic or action plans. In the thesis is tested if these activities correspond with questions solved in analytical parts, especially SWOT analyzes. Selected cities are: Hodonín, Krnov, Nový Jičín, Sokolov, Havlíčkův Brod, Klatovy, Jindřichův Hradec, Žďár nad Sázavou, Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav, Otrokovice, Bílina, Rakovník, Dvůr Králové nad Labem, Česká Třebová and Varnsdorf. The main method used in this diploma thesis is the in-depth analysis of strategic and action plans. On the basis this method was found that the activities mostly correspond to the analytical part. But preferentially are realised projects, for which can be used funding from grants, some cities state it directly in their strategic documents. The researching cities focus on the transport, the public administration and the communication with the public and the recreation and the tourism. By contrast, neglected areas are health services, the environment and the culture. Based on the focus of their strategic plans, cities were divided into four groups, these groups were then tested on effects of various factors. Tested factors are the location and the author, nor one of them has been confirmed statistically significant influence on the orientation of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Carlos Martins Cardoso.pdf: 1696037 bytes, checksum: 4f641821299a137dbdd0042cb2527b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis analyzes the Joint Action Plan - PAR and its deployment in the action set in the Plan Hall, under the auspices of the size of educational management in the Municipality of Portel in the state of Pará in the period 2007-2010. It also consists in raising the possible interference of the Integrated Planning, Budget and Finance of the Ministry of Education - SIMEC - PAR module, the process of conducting the municipal education.The overall objective of the thesis is to analyze the systemic process of implementation of PAR as strategic management tool municipal educational systems for teaching and its result in the construction of public policy and management of the municipal education of a city, geographically isolated in space Amazon, and the worst results in IDEB - the city of Para Portel in Marajó archipelago.The research methodology is a case study, a qualitative, and is characterized by analytical and comprises a literature review, documentary research and field research on the City of Portel in Marajó Archipelago , providing direct contact with staff or local committees , followed by semi-structured interviews with staff setting-up of the PAR . From the first theoretical-practical inserts revealed a systemic articulated public policy, technical, operational and bureaucratic, with a demand for action beyond the capacity of the municipal entity from the point of view of educational administration / A presente tese analisa o Plano de Ações Articuladas - PAR e seu desdobramento no conjunto de ações previstas no Plano municipal, sob a égide da dimensão da gestão educacional no Município de Portel, no Estado do Pará no período de 2007 a 2010. Consiste também em levantar as possíveis interferências do Sistema Integrado Planejamento, Orçamento e Finanças do Ministério da Educação SIMEC- módulo PAR, no processo de condução da educação municipal. O objetivo geral da tese é analisar o processo sistêmico de implantação do PAR, como instrumento estratégico de gestão educacional dos sistemas municipais de ensino e seu resultado na construção de políticas públicas e de gerenciamento do sistema municipal de ensino de um município, geograficamente isolado no espaço amazônico, e com os piores resultados no IDEB o município paraense de Portel, no arquipélago de Marajó. A metodologia da pesquisa é um estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo, e se caracteriza pela modalidade analítica, compreende a revisão bibliográfica, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo no Município de Portel, no Arquipélago de Marajó, proporcionando contato direto com a equipe ou comitês locais, acompanhada de entrevistas semiestruturadas com a equipe elaboradora do PAR. A partir das primeiras inserções teórico-práticas evidenciou-se uma política pública sistêmica articulada, técnico-operacional e burocrática, com uma demanda de ações além da capacidade do ente municipal sob o ponto de vista da gestão educacional