Målet för denna studie är att undersöka hur god studie- och yrkesvägledning gestaltas i ett nationellt samtida myndighetsperspektiv och ett professionsetiskt perspektiv genom att granska två dokument. Därigenom avser studien utveckla fördjupad förståelse av hur sätten att tala om en social praktik formar sanningsanspråk. Genom Bacchis diskursanalytiska metodologi WPR undersöks via förslag och målbeskrivningar i utvalda offentliga dokument, vilka underliggande tankeramar och begrepp som används för att underbygga problemrepresentationer som framställande önskvärda och ändamålsenliga prioriteringar och hänsyn. Centrala resultat visar att mål för vägledning konstrueras som ett rustande mot risk. Verkan av tankefiguren om risk indikerar en instrumentell förståelse av vägledningsuppdraget när den framstår som inordnad i en arbetsmarknadspolitisk diskurs. Särskiljande rationaliteter uttolkas avseende professionens roll som i huvudsak rådgivande alternativt icke-rådgivande samt avseende innebörder av likvärdighet och hur klienters behov bör förstås, identifieras och tillgodoses. / The aim of this study is to examine how a desirable career guidance is portrayed in a national contemporary governmental perspective and an occupational ethics perspective by scrutinizing two documents. Thereby the study aims to develop in-depth understanding of how the ways in articulating a social practice forms claims of truth. Bacchis discourse analytical methodology WPR is applied on proposals and target descriptions in selected public documents in order to study which underlying mental frames and conceptions are used to underpin representations of problems in producing desirable and adequate priorities and considerations. Central findings show that the objective of career guidance is construed as an armouring against risk. The workings of the risk concept indicate an instrumental understanding of the mission of career guidance as it appears subsumed in a discourse of labor market policy. Diverging rationals are interpreted regarding the role of the professional as being primarily advisory alternatively non- advisory and regarding the meanings of equity and of how clients’ needs are to be understood, identified and met.

Vår studie behandlar motiverande arbetsmetoder inom Kriminalvården utifrån tre olika professioner;frivårdare, kriminalvårdare och studie- och yrkesvägledare. Vi har fått tagit del av de metoder somanvänds inom programstruktur samt vad som anses motiverade i en allmän kontext. I resultatdelenredovisar vi den empiri, alltså det material, som vi inhämtat från våra kvalitativa intervjuer.Resultatdelen struktureras upp genom att först redovisa vår empiri utifrån vardera frågeställning somvi grundar vår studie på, och sedan delger vi vår analys av materialet. Denna struktur skeråterkommande efter varje frågeställning, utom den tredje frågeställningen. Den har vi valt att redovisalite annorlunda, då vi i den frågeställningen knyter ihop arbetet som en sammanfattning av resultat ochanalys, som ska ge svar på syfte och forskningsfrågor. Vi avslutar sedan vår uppsats med endiskussionsdel där vi redovisar vår slutsats av studien. / Our study deals with motivating work methods within the Correctional Service based on threedifferent professions; parole officers, correctional officers and study and career guidance counselors.We have learned about the methods used within program structure and what is considered motivatingin a general context. In the results part, we report the empiricism, i.e. the material, that we obtainedfrom our qualitative interviews. The results part is structured by first presenting our empiricism basedon each issue on which we base our study, and then we share our analysis of the material. Thisstructure occurs repeatedly after each question, except for the third question. We have chosen to reportit a little differently, as in that question we tie together the work as a summary of results and analysis,which will provide answers to purpose and research questions. We then conclude our thesis with adiscussion section where we present our conclusion of the study.

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur studie- och yrkesvägledning och normalitet, kopplat till olika grupper, framställs i läroplanerna, samt hur det kan påverka gruppernas likvärdiga möjligheter till studier och arbetsliv. En tidsseriestudie av läroplanerna för gymnasiesärskolan och gymnasieskolan mellan åren 1970-2013, gjordes utifrån en diskursanalytisk ansats, och resultatet analyserades utifrån en cripteoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultatet visade att det förekommer skillnader mellan läroplanerna gällande framställningen av studie- och yrkesvägledningen och eleverna, både mellan skolformerna och över tid. Slutsatsen blev med grund i detta att olika grupper skapas i läroplanerna, utifrån normalitetsbegreppet. Kunskap om hur normer kan skapas i läroplaner är viktigt för att vi som vägledare ska kunna arbeta normbrytande och utforma en likvärdig vägledning. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how study and career guidance and normality, linked to different groups, are presented in the curriculums, as well as how this can affect the groups' equal opportunities for studies and working life. A time series study of the curriculums for the upper secondary special school and the upper secondary school between the years 1970-2013 was done based on a discourse analytic approach, and the result was analyzed with a criptheoretical point of view. The result shows that there were differences between the curriculums regarding the presentation of the study and career guidance and the students, both between the school forms and over time. The conclusion was that different groups are created in the curriculums, based on the concept of normality. Knowledge of how norms can be created in curriculums is important for us as guidance counselors to be able to work with breaking norms and to be able provide equivalent study and career guidance.

Föreliggande kvalitativa studie är en undersökning samt utvärdering av vägledningssamtal på Vägledningscentrum (VLC) i Malmö stad. Undersökningen genomfördes utifrån ett deltagarperspektiv och har skett via 42 enkäter med fritextsvar och fem djupintervjuer. Syftet har varit att förstå hur deltagarna upplever vägledningssamtalet utifrån förväntningar, samtalets innehåll och utfall. Utifrån detta har sedan resultatet analyserats med hjälp av socialkognitiv teori; cognitive career theory (SCCT) och happenstance learning theory (HLT) för att söka förståelse kring vilken kvalitet vägledningssamtalen håller. Ytterligare ett syfte har varit att bidra med förslag på utvecklingsmöjligheter för vägledningen på Vägledningscentrum. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av deltagarna i undersökningen är nöjda med mötet/samtalet på Vägledningscentrum. Förväntningarna motsvarade deras förhoppningar och flertalet deltagare var nöjda när de gick därifrån. Det fanns dock ett litet antal som inte var nöjda med besöket. Resultatet visar också att det finns utvecklingsområden när det gäller uppföljningen av vägledningssamtalen. Det visade sig vara svårt att utvärdera kvaliteten på vägledningssamtalen utan att göra efterföljande uppföljningar. / This qualitative study is a survey and evaluation of guidance at the Guidance Centre (VLC) in Malmö. The survey was conducted on the basis of a participatory and has been through 42 polls and five in-depth interviews. The aim has been to understand how participants perceive guidance based on expectations, conversational content and outcome. Based on this, then the results were analyzed with the help of socialcognitive theory: career theory (SCCT) and happenstance learning theory (HLT) to seek understanding of what quality guidance are. Another object has been to contribute with suggestions for development of the guidance on Guidance Centre. The result shows that the majority of survey participants are satisfied with the guidance at the Guidance Center. Expectations were matched and the majority of participants were satisfied when they left. There was however a small number who were not satisfied with the visit. The results also show that there are development areas for follow-up guidance. It proved to be difficult to evaluate the quality of guidance without subsequent follow-ups.

Due to globalization and migration people and their cultures spread worldwide andcareer-guiding practitioners have to be more culturally considerate when they meetpeople. Our studies made in Fiji shows that there is a gap between thoughts regardingestimated income, education and effort in a workplace and actual labour-marketconditions. Educated and qualified Fijians look for work abroad when they can’t findemployment at home. One way to understand and describe what happens when peoplemake career decisions is to use career or decision-making theories, and a way to workwith career decisions and ideas about work is to have guidance-interviews or groupsessions. The aim of this paper is to present an example of how a recognized interviewmodel might be adapted for career guidance in a Fiji-context and what considerations that have to be made, through the explanations offered by a career theory, a decisionmaking theory and a guidance theory. Based on the life-story of a group of Fijians the result showed that the main considerations were regarding social structures and conceptions of time.

I denna studie undersöks sju skolor som saknar vägledare genom intervjuer med skolledarna. Syftet med studien att studera hur rektorer på skolor som saknar vägledare ser på och tolkar vägledning samt hur de organiserar och tillgodoser vägledningI studien används en kvalitativ metod, vilket är relevant för undersökningen eftersom målet är att få en helhetsförståelse och en djupare inblick i skolledarnas syn kring vägledning. I arbetets teoridel presenteras olika teorier och förklaringsmodeller om ledarskap, organisering och översättning (tolkning). Skolledarnas arbete innebär ledarskap inom skolan, organisering av skolan och tolkning/översättning av skolans styrdokument som skollag och läroplan.Resultatet visar i sin helhet att skolorna som saknar en utbildad vägledare kompenserar denna tjänst med annan personal, det kan vara allt från mentor till specialpedagog eller en konsult som redan har annan sysselsättning på respektive skola, detta för att spara på anställningskostnader. Skolledarna ser de knappa resurserna från kommunen som en orsak till att vägledning inte prioriteras och menar att staten och kommunerna därefter bör sats mer på vägledning genom att höja budgeten.

No description available.

The overall aim of this thesis is to enquire into and problematize the governance of career guidance and how individuals’ career management is constructed within EU policy. The empirical material consists of European policy documents produced during 2000-2015. The two central research questions explore (1) how European career guidance is made governable, and (2) how individuals’ career management is constructed and governed. The Foucauldian governmentality perspective and the analytic method of problematization is utilized. The analysis focuses on the compositions of normative forms of reason, discursive practices and techniques by which governing is exercised and knowledge is produced. The thesis is based on four articles, three of which concern career guidance and career management. The fourth article concerns education of citizenship. The analysis shows that the formation of a policy space for comparison of national systems of career guidance is significant for making European career guidance amenable to governance. It is mobilized by governing practices for involvement of institutional actors and the construction of standards of performance. This form of governance becomes effective on the condition that institutional actors use and produce knowledge and practices about what works in career guidance, and this implies self-control and constant monitoring. It is a complex process of producing self-regulation of career guidance adjustable to change and innovation in which both standardization and modulation are inbuilt. Moreover, this is dependent on the interplay of governance and self-government. Knowledge and practices shape career management as an individual competence, which each individual is assumed to achieve. The use of guidance techniques supporting this design and self-regulating practices contributes to responsibilizing individuals to achieve this competence. Knowledge of individuals’ management of their careers includes civic competence. This led me to extend my use of the theoretical framework to investigate how knowledge of civic competence is constructed in European policy documents concerning teacher education from 2000 to 2012. My analysis shows that presumptions of teaching civic competence support the production of the active and learning subject.

A Orientação Profissional e de Carreira, como domínio teórico e prático, vem passando por várias mudanças ao longo de um século. Paradigmas desenvolvimentistas e mais construtivistas ganharam destaque, focalizando a construção da carreira com ênfase em maior flexibilidade, adaptabilidade e aprendizagem ao longo da vida. Para compreender os processos, estudos do tipo follow-up são úteis. Neste estudo, questões são formuladas sobre as trajetórias profissionais, sobre as narrativas de egressos do atendimento em Orientação Profissional, sobre as articulações possíveis entre conteúdos obtidos por diferentes estratégias e em diferentes momentos da carreira. Assim, este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, visa analisar as narrativas de egressos de um Serviço de Orientação Profissional (SOP), compreender as histórias produzidas por meio do instrumento BBT-Br e desvelar a memória que permaneceu do processo de Orientação Profissional. Os participantes foram atendidos entre os anos de 2004 e 2009. Foram entrevistados 12 egressos, tendo como critérios para a inclusão na amostra determinadas condições na época do atendimento: a) cursar o ensino médio ou curso preparatório para o vestibular, (b) ter sido atendido em grupo no intervalo em 5 e 10 anos, anteriormente ao início desta investigação; (c) encontrar-se na situação problemática/de resolução ou na pré-dilemática/dilemática, e (d) ter o registro de alguma profissão ao final do processo de orientação. Para a obtenção de dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: (a) roteiro de triagem; (b) histórico do atendimento; (c) história das cinco fotos preferidas do Teste de Fotos de Profissões (BBT-Br); e (d) registros da entrevista de acompanhamento. A análise dos dados foi embasada nos referenciais teórico desenvolvimentista da Teoria da Construção da Carreira de Savickas e da Construção da Vida (Life Design) de Duarte e colaboradores. Os dados foram organizados e analisados de acordo com as seguintes categorias: (a) caminho imaginado e o caminho traçado - história do BBT-Br e resumo biográfico; (b) dificuldades encontradas nas trajetórias e recursos pessoais e contextuais para a solução dos problemas; (c) planos para o futuro: compreensão de si, expectativas, e atividades significativas; e (d) memórias da orientação profissional e possíveis influências. Os resultados mostram que há coerência e continuidade nas narrativas de construção da vida/carreira, corroborando as bases teóricas utilizadas. E que os conteúdos das narrativas no BBT-Br apresentam relações com os temas de vida obtidos por meio de outras estratégias. As redes de apoio exercem papel importante, mas não são suficientes se os comportamentos não forem adaptativos. E, a maioria dos participantes relata possuir lembranças do processo de Orientação Profissional, creditando os ganhos com a experiência como aprendizagem transferível para outros momentos, sobretudo quando precisam fazer uso das competências para a comunicação e as decisões relativas à construção da vida/carreira. / Vocational and Career Guidance, as a theoretical and practical domain, has been substantially changing over the last century. Developmental and more constructivist paradigms are promote, focusing on career building and, under this scope, emphasizing greater flexibility, adaptability and lifelong learning. To understand these processes, follow-up studies are useful. In this study, questions were formulated on the professional trajectories, on the egress reports from people who undertook Professional Guidance Services (SOP), and on the possible articulations among contents obtained by different strategies and at different moments of the career. Thus, this exploratory, qualitative study aims to analyze the egress reports of those who attended a SOP, to understand the stories produced through the Photo Test of Professions (BBT-Br) instrument and to uncover the remaining memory of these people regarding the career guidance. The researcher interviewed twelve people, who attended between 2004 and 2009. The criteria for inclusion in the sample were the following specific conditions at the time of attendance: a) to be enrolled at a high school or at a preparatory course for the University Entrance Examination; (b) to have participated in SOP Group sessions between five and ten years before the beginning of this survey; (c) to be in the problematic/resolution or pre-dilemma/dilemma situation; and (d) to register a profession at the end of the orientation process. The following instruments were used to obtain the data: (a) screening script; (b) service history; (c) history of the five favorite photos of the Photo Test of Professions (BBT-Br); and (d) records of the follow-up interview. The data analysis was based on the developmental theoretical framework of the Career Construction Theory of Savickas and the Life Design of Duarte et al. The data were organized and analyzed according to the following categories: (a) imagined path and the path actually followed - BBT-Br history and biographical summary; (b) difficulties faced in the trajectories and personal and contextual resources for problem solving; (c) plans for the future: self-understanding, expectations, and meaningful activities; and (d) memories and possible influences of the career guidance. The results show that there is coherence and continuity in the life/career construction narratives, corroborating the theoretical bases used, and that the contents of the narratives in the BBT-Br are congruent with the life themes obtained through other strategies. In addition, support networks play an important role, but are insufficient if the behavior is not adaptive. Finally, most participants report having memories of the career guidance process, acknowledging the gains from the experience as transferable learning to other moments, especially when they need to use communication skills and make decisions regarding life/career building.

A Educação para a Carreira é compreendida, neste estudo, como um esforço do sistema educativo e de toda a comunidade para inserir nos conteúdos escolares atividades destinadas a ajudar os alunos a: (1) estabelecerem relações entre os conteúdos das disciplinas e as exigências de diferentes ocupações/profissões; (2) fazerem do trabalho, como esforço contínuo, consciente, remunerado ou não, dirigido a produzir benefícios socialmente aceitáveis para si mesmo e/ou para os outros, uma parte significativa do seu estilo de vida e (3) adquirirem competências-chave para um positivo desenvolvimento da carreira. Este estudo, de caráter exploratório, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, teve como objetivos compreender as representações sociais de professores do ensino fundamental e médio sobre a Preparação para o Trabalho no contexto da educação básica e, a partir das representações sociais, sugerir subsídios para a elaboração de Programas de Educação para a Carreira no contexto educacional brasileiro. Os participantes foram 77 professores de três escolas, duas particulares e uma pública, de uma cidade de porte médio de Minas Gerais. O grupo focal foi a técnica utilizada para obtenção dos dados, precedido de uma atividade de evocação de palavras com o termo-disparador Preparação para o Trabalho. Os dados foram tratados pelos softwares EVOC-2000 e NVivo 8 e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados evidenciaram que os professores concebem a Preparação para o Trabalho como preparação para a tomada de decisão da carreira. Na base desta concepção estão as representações sociais do trabalho como ganha-pão, do profissional bem preparado como: o apaixonado pelo que faz, de vocação como algo que vem do coração e da Preparação para o Trabalho como maneira abrir o leque de possibilidades de carreiras. Tais concepções se ancoram nos ideais liberalistas, de igualdade de oportunidades e liberdade de escolha e na concepção da Orientação Vocacional tradicionalmente voltada para a adequação do indivíduo às exigências profissionais. Os professores referem conversas com seus alunos sobre atitudes e habilidades necessárias ao trabalho e questões relativas à escolha profissional, evidenciando a importância da sistematização de tais intervenções. Conclui-se que há possibilidades legais e necessidades de inserção da Educação para a Carreira no sistema educacional brasileiro, pois ela contempla, com seu enfoque educativo, a possibilidade de abranger um número expressivo de crianças e jovens, atualmente desprovidos de intervenções que o ajudem a articular educação, trabalho e carreira fundamentada no princípio de orientação ao longo da vida. Assim, se concebe, neste estudo, a inserção da Educação para a Carreira no sistema educativo, de forma infusiva, aditiva ou mista, objetivando a preparação dos jovens para um engajamento democrático, ativo e crítico em todos os aspectos da sua vida. Isto pode contribuir para o crescimento pessoal e, ao mesmo tempo, que colaborem para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e inclusiva. / Career Education is considered in this study the effort of both the educational system and the community to include in schools syllabuses activities aimed to help students to (1) establish relationships among the curses content and the requirements of different occupations; (2) consider their work, whether it is paid or not, a continuous and conscious effort, focused on producing socially acceptable benefits for themselves and/or others and a significant part of their lives and (3) acquire key competencies for career development. This quantitative-qualitative exploratory study aimed to understand the social representations of primary and secondary schools teachers concerning Preparation for Work programs in the primary and secondary school context and, based on these representations, make suggestions for Career Programs in the Brazilian educational system. Participants were 77 teachers from three schools, two private and one public, in a mid-sized city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected through focus groups preceded by a free-word association activity triggered by Preparation for Work. Data were processed by the software EVOC 2000 and NVivo8 and analyzed according to thematic content analysis. The results showed that the teachers consider Preparation for Work to be a preparation for career choice. Underpinning this idea are social representations of work such as earning a living, of competent worker as someone who is in love with what s/he does, of vocation as something that comes from the heart, and Preparation for Work as a way of expanding the range of potential careers. These concepts are anchored on liberal ideals, such as individualism, equality of opportunities and freedom of choice, and the concept of Career Guidance traditionally focused on fitting individuals to meet career demands. The teachers reported talks with their students concerning work attitudes and skills and issues related to career decision-making, which points to the importance of systematizing teachers interventions. We conclude that there are legal possibilities and the need to include Career Education in the Brazilian educational system. It would reach a great number of currently unsupported students, helping them to articulate education, work and career based on the principle of guidance throughout life. Therefore, we advocate the inclusion of Career education in the Brazilian educational system as an infusive, additional or mixed strategy, aiming at preparing students for an active and critical democratic engagement with all aspects of their lives, enabling their individual growth and, at the same time, enabling them to collaborate to the construction of a more inclusive and fair society.