This study aims to develop knowledge about the teaching of literary history in upper secondary school. Sub-study I explores: What content is foregrounded when upper secondary school teachers of Swedish introduce literary history? And what significance can different teaching content have for sparking interest? Sub-study II explores: What teaching content sparks students’ interest in literary history? And what other aspects of the teaching spark their interest in literary history according to the students themselves? The study is framed by didactics and curriculum theory and also theories about interest and teaching. The material consists of video recordings from ten different lessons when upper secondary teachers were introducing literary history in the course Swedish 2. The experiences of upper secondary school students of the teaching were collected using questionnaires and interviews. All students were enrolled in university preparation programmes in a medium-sized Swedish city. The results of the analysis in Sub-study I show a wide range of potential literary history teaching content. The study thus contributes new empirical knowledge about what forms (in terms of its content) literary history can take in its teaching. In the past, Swedish as a subject has been discussed to a large extent in relation to the conceptions of the subject of Swedish as a skills subject, as a cultural heritage subject, and as an experience-based subject. The results of the study are discussed in relation to these conceptions but make further contributions by concretizing the variety of teaching content that occurs in classrooms. The results of the analysis in Sub-study II show that upper secondary school students’ interest in literary history can be sparked in relation to different content in the teaching such as students experiences; intertextuality; similarities and differences between different periods; epochs, authors and works, and aesthetic elements. The analysis also revealed aspects that could be linked to the teachers’ ways of leading and organising the teaching. These were passion and engagement; content legitimation; interaction and participation; variety; structure and delimitation and grades or de-emphasis on performance. The many themes identified in Sub-study II contribute to revealing different ways of sparking interest in literary history. This is an important result in view of the fact that previous research has shown that students lack interest in literary history teaching. Together, the two sub-studies contribute to revealing new empirical knowledge about literary history teaching. Finally, there is a reflective discussion which illuminate the study in relation to different perspectives on classroom management.

Att implementera kontroversiella ämnen i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning är fruktbart, men innebär samtidigt ett orosmoln som får lärare att undvika sådan typ av undervisning. Givet de krav som ställs på läraren i undervisningssammanhang där stötande skönlitterära motiv behandlas, uppdagas ett behov av att samla mer kunskap kring ifrågavarande ämne. I lärarens arbete finns läroböcker som både designar lärandeaktiviteter och gör textval åt läraren. Föreliggande studie ämnar ge ett kunskapsbidrag om hur läroböcker arbetar med kontroversiella ämnen i skönlitteraturen, för att möjliggöra en diskussion gällande dessa ämnens didaktiska potential i skolans demokratiuppdrag. Ändamålet kräver att blicken riktas mot de tolkningskonventioner, även kallat läsarter, som uppmuntras i läroböckerna. Studien har därför formulerat en läsart, affektiv medvetenhet, som fungerar som ett teoretiskt analysverktyg för hur litteraturen främmandegör varseblivanden och försätter läsaren i en chockupplevelse som tvingar fram perspektivskiften. Via en teoridriven tematisk analys av fyra läroböcker ämnade för gymnasieskolans svenskämne kunde tre övergripande teman urskiljas. Dessa förklarar hur textutdragen möjliggör och utelämnar kontroversiella ämnen; samt hur kontroversiella uppslag används till andra ändamål. Resultatet visar att läroböckernas textutdrag i största utsträckning gestaltar neutrala motiv. Texterna kombineras allt som oftast med läsarter som syftar att utveckla narratologisk litteraturanalytisk kompetens. Få spår finns av kontroversiella ämnen och läsarten affektiv medvetenhet, vilket innebär att den didaktiska potentialen till etisk självreflektion som en del av demokratiuppdraget förbises. Studiens diskussion problematiserar huruvida projektet att kategorisera texter som kontroversiella eller inte är givande, eftersom gränsdragningen kring kontroversiella ämnen inte innebär vattentäta skott gentemot de nära angränsande begreppen komplexa narrativ och känslor i litteraturen. / Implementing controversial subjects in school literature reading is valuable but at the same time poses a concern that makes teachers avoid this type of teaching. Considering the challenges faced by teachers when dealing with offensive literary themes, there is therefore a need to gather more knowledge on this topic. Textbooks play a dual role in the teacher's work by both designing learning activities and selecting texts. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of how textbooks address controversial subjects in literature, to facilitate a discussion about the didactical potential of these topics in fulfilling the school's democratic mission. This purpose requires examining the interpretative conventions that are encountered in the textbook’s different readings. The study therefore introduces a reading approach called affective awareness, which serves as an analytical tool for how literature can disrupt perceptions and induce a state of shock that prompts shifts in perspective. Through a theory-driven thematic analysis of four Swedish textbooks, aimed at upper secondary school, three main themes were identified. These themes explain how text excerpts both enable and exclude controversial subjects, and how controversial topics are repurposed for other objectives. The results show that the excerpts in the textbooks predominantly portray neutral themes. The texts are often combined with readings aimed at developing narratological literary analytical skills. There is little evidence of controversial topics and the reading approach of affective awareness, which means that the didactic potential for ethical self-reflection as part of the democratic mission is overlooked. The study’s discussion questions whether categorizing texts as controversial or not is beneficial, as the boundary around controversial topics is not clearly defined in relation to the closely related concepts of complex narratives and emotions in literature.

Value and character education possess the inherent building blocks for the preservation of a healthy society. It is the art of life that keeps the environment friendly, free and safe allowing earth's inhabitants to play, to live and to work in peace. Value and character education possess values that remove evil from society and institutions such as schools, colleges, universities, etc. One of the primary aims of value and character education is to allow learners to experience life at its' fullest. The main purpose of this study is the development of an effective character building program for a specific further education and training college. It is obvious from the available literature that society is experiencing a crisis regarding values, character and morality. The decline of human and societal values portrayed in the media has compelled the current government to initiate a value educational program in schools. The values of the government however, are focused on nation building, democracy and human rights with the purpose of overcoming the inequalities and injustices of the apartheid system. However, the inhabitants of South Africa seek more than aspects based on democracy, nation building and human rights. They seek values that promote moral behaviour, values of work ethics and values that are aimed at developing their full potential. Value and character education could probably ensure the provision of a successful life and future for today's youth. The researcher has therefore investigated and analysed the precise meanings of the following terms: values, norms, principles, standards, ethics, character education, values education. Various character educational programs that succeeded in oversees countries were also studied. Focus was also given to educational guidelines including principles, outcomes and promising practices that the lecturer could use in the classroom to stimulate the students and to promote character education. To determine what the present value orientation of the students are, a questionnaire was compiled for further education and training colleges in the North-West Province. To ascertain the opinions and contributions of values education and character education, semi-structured interviews were held with the student council, the head of the support services and an official of the student support services. The overall aim of the study is: To create a character-building program for further education and training colleges after establishing the value orientation of the students. This empirical research has pointed out specific problem areas and has shown that it is not only essential but also urgent to implement a value and character educational program for further education and training colleges. Guidelines for such a program have been set on the basis of this study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

La thèse porte sur l’analyse qualitative de situations didactiques intégrées au programme de prévention au préscolaire Fluppy. Conçu pour la prévention de la violence et du décrochage scolaire (Tremblay et al., 1992, Tremblay et al., 1995), ce programme s’est enrichi depuis une dizaine d’années de différentes composantes d’intervention, dont une sur l’enseignement du français et des mathématiques. Ce programme, relevant aujourd’hui d’une approche multimodale, a fait l’objet d’une évaluation d’impact en 2002-2004 (Capuano et al., 2010). Le devis quasi-expérimental n’a cependant pas permis de procéder à une analyse appropriée au cadre méthodologique, l’ingénierie didactique (Artigue, 1990), sur lequel se fondent les situations didactiques en mathématiques. La thèse procède donc à la validation interne des trois séquences numériques, issues de la composante mathématique, telles qu’expérimentées dans deux classes du préscolaire en 2011-2012. La première séquence vise au développement des connaissances sur la désignation de quantités. La deuxième sur la comparaison numérique et, la troisième, sur la composition additive des nombres. Les analyses mettent en évidence : 1) certains décalages entre la proposition didactique et la réalisation effective des situations; 2) l’évolution des connaissances numériques des élèves; 3) les forces et les limites de l’analyse a priori. L’interprétation des résultats ouvre sur un enrichissement de l’analyse a priori des situations didactiques ainsi que sur de nouvelles considérations relatives aux processus de dévolution et d’institutionnalisation dans le cadre de l’appropriation de situations didactiques par des enseignants du préscolaire. / The thesis focuses on the qualitative analysis of didactic situations incorporated in the prevention program, Fluppy, intended for preschool children. Originally designed for the prevention of violence and school dropout (Tremblay et al., 1992; Tremblay et al.,1995), over the last decade, this program has abundantly been enhanced of different intervention components, including French and mathematics teaching. This program, which is now part of a multimodal approach, has been the subject of an impact assessment in 2002-2004 (Capuano et al., 2010). The quasi-experimental instrument, has however failed to conduct a proper analysis of the methodological framework, the didactical engineering (Artigue, 1990); basis of the theory of didactical situations in mathematics. The thesis undertakes the internal validation of three numeric sequences –from the mathematical component– such as they were tested in two preschool classes in 2011-2012. The first sequence studies the development of C-knowledge regarding the designation of quantities. The second one tackles the numerical comparison, and the third one studies the additive composition of numbers. Analyzes reveal: 1) some discrepancies between the didactical proposal and the actual situations, 2) the development of students’ c-knowledge, and 3) the strengths and limitations of the a priori analysis. The interpretation of the results broadens the a priori analysis of didactical situations as well as arises new considerations on the devolution and institutionalization phenomena within the framework of preschool teachers’ appropriation of didactical situations.

This thesis on the topic "Physiology of Plants in Elementary School Botany" consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on a didactical analysis of the textbooks currently in use and integration of this topic in the valid curricular documentation. It also includes a research part, in which the possibilities of material visual aids used in science teaching are identified. The practical part makes use of these observations. A interactive CD, which includes worksheets on the main areas of plant physiology, has been created based on these observations. The worksheets are in educational text form, include gap-filling activities, and practical - with appropriate experiments. To these, methodology notes for teacher are supplied. The complete version is on the attached CD. Keywords: plant physiology, textbook didactical analysis, worksheet, experiment suggestions, video-material

My thesis is in its theoretical level about development, meaning, function and option how to use a story in today's educational reality. The thesis concentrates on the story in progress of time and it defines the place of the story in postmodern society. My work studies the story in a point of view of several psychological orientations and especially trough the point of view of modern psychology. I would like to propose possible aspects of the effects of the story and uncover options how to work with the story as a didactical method. This is therefore the reason for detailed option of the story from lots of sides. In the theoretical part, there I deal with the story from historical, religious, philosophical and psychological points of view, because I think these starting points can be just the coveted inspiration for psycho - didactical thinking. In the special - theoretical part, there I write about theoretical pedagogical definition and principles for using of the story in education. I also examine using of the story as a tool how to enrich and make the educational process more effective.

Ce travail de didactique des mathématiques s'appuie sur le cadre de la Théorie des Situations Didactiques et s'intéresse à l'action conjointe des professeurs et des élèves dans un environnement numérique et à la dynamique que cette action conjointe engage. Il s'appuie aussi sur le cadre théorique de l'approche documentaire, qui complète et prolonge le cadre de l'approche instrumentale : les artefacts numériques présents dans cet environnement sont ainsi considérés comme des éléments du système documentaire des professeurs et des élèves. Considérant l'intégration de ces artefacts dans la classe ordinaire de mathématiques, nous mettons en évidence l'importance de moments particuliers, que nous nommons incidents didactiques, qui engagent des perturbations modifiant la dynamique de la classe. En développant cette notion d'incident didactique, nous construisons un cadre d'analyse permettant de mettre en évidence des phénomènes de genèse documentaire des enseignants et des élèves et d'en suivre les effets, à court ou à long terme, sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage des mathématiques. Nous montrons que les incidents didactiques peuvent être, sous certaines conditions, des occasions de réorganisation locale et globale des connaissances pour le professeur dans le cadre de son enseignement ou pour l'élève dans son apprentissage des mathématiques / This work of mathematics education based on the framework of the theory of didactic situations, focuses on the joint action of teachers and students in a digital environment. We give an important place to the theoretical framework of documentary genesis, which complements and extends the scope of the instrumental genesis and considers artifacts as well as elements of the digital library system for teachers and students. In the general context of the use of technology in the regular classroom of mathematics, we seek to understand how the incidents are indicative of perturbations that change the dynamic of the class. In developing this notion of didactical incident, we build a framework to highlight the phenomena of documentational genesis of teachers and students and to monitor the short or long term eects on mathematics teaching and learning. We show that the didactical incidents, under certain conditions, oer opportunities for restructuring local and global knowledge for the teacher as part of his teaching or the student's learning of mathematics

Dans le cadre de notre thèse en didactique des mathématiques, nous explorons la pertinence du récit en tant que mode de pensée et support potentiel à la construction de raisonnement. Nous soutenons l'hypothèse que lors d'une activité de résolution de problèmes de mathématiques, la construction d'un récit visant à répondre à une situation problématique peut être un élément déclencheur, producteur et structurant du raisonnement. En nous appuyant sur différents travaux qui ont souligné les fonctions heuristiques et structurantes du récit, nous avons caractérisé au plan théorique et mis à l'épreuve expérimentalement un milieu didactique permettant d'envisager une co-construction entre récit et raisonnement. La situation de résolution de problèmes que nous proposons, construite autour d'un jeu, amène les élèves à produire des récits descriptifs (basés sur des parties effectivement réalisées) et des récits d'anticipation (basés sur des parties imaginaires). Nos résultats mettent en évidence que le récit enrichit le milieu didactique au sens proposé par Hersant (2010), en particulier au travers de l'acte de construction par les élèves. Celui-ci soutient l'établissement du raisonnement et sa justification mathématique. C'est en produisant différents types de récits que les élèves, tout en prenant en charge les contraintes mathématiques de la situation, s'affranchissent du monde sensible et s'engagent dans une véritable activité de preuve mathématique (production d'exemples, de contre-exemples, de conjectures, d'argumentations, etc.) / Our thesis in mathematics education explores the relevance of story building as a pattern of thought and potential support for the construction of reasoning. We assume that establishing a narrative in order to answer a problematic situation is both a trigger and processing aid. Our main hypothesis is that the narrative act offers structured guidelines for the process of reasoning during problem solving activity. Several studies have indeed highlighted the heuristics and structuring functions of narrative. Relying on these studies we first characterized theoretically and then tested experimentally a didactical environment. We shaped the characteristics of this environment with the objective of ensuring a joint development between narrative and reasoning. The situation of problem solving we offer is built around a game. To address problematic situations, students produced descriptive (based on games actually made) and anticipated (based on imaginary games) narratives. In both case, the construction of a narrative is a powerful asset. Our results demonstrate that the story enriches, within the meaning of Hersant (2010), the educational environment. The act of narration supports the student’s mathematical reasoning and justification. While producing different types of stories, students embrace the mathematical constraints of the situations and step back from the sensible world. No more restrained by material thinking, the students are more inclined to mathematical approach. Therefore, they develop or enhance their mathematical proving skills (example and counter-example arguments, mathematical conjectures and demonstrations, etc.)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Rogerio de Oliveira Cano.pdf: 23732920 bytes, checksum: d40960cfacc9b8b23d6aa2fba01930e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-17 / This text is about how the Portuguese language didactical books used in the second cycle of basic school deal with the studies of the journalistic speech genders. The aim of this work is to show if the didactical books, upon being reorganized to match the demands of the National Curricular Parameters (1998) and of the Guide of the Didactical Book (1998, 2005), proposed a method of study that consider the inner characteristics of the speech genders in the specific matter of the journalistic speech. We bring an exploratory analysis done in three didactical books chosen due to their specifications according to the Guide, using the studies of Bakhtin (1992, 2000) that deal with the manifestation of the postulation in discursive genders by their structure, style and theme. This study helped to reveal the reasons the journalistic genders are used for, either to teach grammar like the Didactical Books have been doing, either to teach style, to moralize or even as a model for the building of good texts. We could also notice that the genders of journalistic practice, when used by the pedagogical speech, have their basic characteristics modified, transforming themselves into genders of pedagogical practice / Esta dissertação trata da forma como os livros didáticos de Língua Portuguesa, utilizados no Ensino Fundamental, ciclo II, desenvolvem estudos sobre os gêneros do discurso jornalístico. O objetivo desse trabalho é mostrar se os livros didáticos, ao se reorganizarem para atender as exigências dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1998) e do Guia do Livro Didático (1998, 2005), propuseram uma metodologia de estudo que leve em conta as características constituintes dos gêneros do discurso, no caso especifico desta pesquisa, o discurso jornalístico. Trazemos uma análise exploratória feita em três livros didáticos escolhidos pela suas especificidades na indicação pelo Guia, utilizando os estudos de Bakhtin (1992, 2000) que tratam da manifestação dos enunciados em gêneros discursivos constituídos por sua estrutura composicional, estilo e tema. Esta pesquisa propiciou o desvelamento dos pretextos para os quais se utilizam os gêneros jornalísticos, seja para ensinar a gramática, como os livros didáticos sempre têm feito, seja para ensinar estilo, moralizar ou mesmo como modelo para construção de bons textos. Pudemos verificar, ainda, que os gêneros da prática jornalística, ao serem apropriados pelo discurso pedagógico, têm suas características básicas subvertidas, transformando-se em gêneros da prática pedagógica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Mara Hossota Ribeiro.pdf: 599100 bytes, checksum: c983e247d21bdb51c10091e1c3278e01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-21 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This work is in the Portuguese area and consists in submitting a proposal for teaching of tale of humor based on didactical sequence. In it, our biggest objective is to contribute to the improvement of educational practices at developing the competence of students reading the 8th and 9th grades. Contemporary research has emphasized the role of genres of discourse for the teaching and learning of languages, seeking to establish the relationship between text, context, discourse and society. Accordingly, we took into account the studies of Bakhtin (2003), which reflects on the activities of language and social practices; of Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), dealing with the teaching of genres by means of teaching sequences, and Coelho (1987) and Almeida (1999), showing the peculiarities of the tale of humor. In the presentation of the didactic sequence, we develop modules for teaching and learning activities that provide a reading of a tale of humor, with emphasis on the construction of meaning through the interaction between author, text and reader / Este trabalho insere-se na área de Língua Portuguesa e consiste na apresentação de uma proposta de seqüência didática para ensino do conto de humor. Nosso objetivo principal é contribuir para o aprimoramento de práticas pedagógicas que visem a desenvolver a competência leitora de alunos dos 8ª e 9ª anos. Pesquisas contemporâneas têm enfatizado o papel dos gêneros para o ensino e a aprendizagem de línguas, buscando estabelecer a relação entre texto, contexto, discurso e sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, levamos em consideração os estudos de Bakhtin (2003), que reflete sobre as atividades de linguagem como práticas sociais; de Dolz e Schneuwly (2004), que tratam do ensino de gêneros por meio de seqüências didáticas; de Coelho (1987) e Almeida (1999), que apresentam as peculiaridades do gênero conto de humor, e de Possenti (1998) e Travaglia (1990 e 1992) que tratam da relação entre humor e língua. Na seqüência didática, organizada em duas partes, propomos oficinas com atividades que julgamos significativas para o ensino do gênero conto de humor, com ênfase na construção do humor por meio da interação entre autor, texto e leitor. Também inserimos atividades com os gêneros piada, charge e crônica de humor, a fim de permitir ao aluno conhecer os mecanismos que permitem construir o humor em diferentes gêneros, que apresentam de certo modo regularidades em relação ao conto de humor