[pt] Muitas organizações de produção por projeto (i.e., também conhecidas pela sigla inglesa ETO, engineering-to-order) são sistemas de produção multi-projeto em que o planejamento da capacidade, na fase de negociação de novos pedidos, é de suma importância. A literatura acadêmica, nesta área, apresenta uma lacuna entre teoria e prática em função da falta de estudos sobre a aplicação de ferramentas de apoio à tomada de decisão para resolver problemas de planejamento de capacidade em ambientes reais de produção ETO. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma solução para o planejamento tático da capacidade produtiva, apoiando essa fase de negociação, numa organização multi-projeto fabricante de equipamentos especiais sob encomenda. Este estudo envolve o desenvolvimento de modelos de programação linear inteira mista e sua aplicação para resolver problemas de planejamento da produção na organização estudada. Quanto às contribuições teóricas desta tese, é apresentado um modelo determinístico em que são consideradas questões de modelagem não totalmente exploradas em outros estudos ou que tem de ser adaptadas às especificidades do contexto estudado, como a representação da capacidade extra, de processos com múltiplos estágios e a relação de precedência entre as atividades. Além disso, um modelo de otimização robusta, baseado na abordagem proposta por Bertsimas e Sim (2004), estende esse modelo determinístico, considerando incertezas relativas aos tempos de processamento das atividades. Os modelos foram alimentados com dados do mundo real e executados para fins de validação de sua utilidade para resolver o problema de planejamento em questão. Cenários alternativos também foram gerados para apoiar a tomada de decisão dos gestores dessa empresa na fase de negociação de novos pedidos. Com relação às implicações práticas, para a equipe de planejamento da empresa, a solução proposta aprimora o processo de tomada de decisão no que tange o planejamento tático da capacidade produtiva. A solução, além de resolver algumas deficiências do método de planejamento atual da empresa, fornece informações mais detalhadas sobre o problema, permite a intervenção do gestor na construção dos planos de capacidade e incorpora dados relativos à variabilidade nos tempos de processamento permitindo assim uma postura pró-ativa mediante as incertezas. Resultados empíricos mostram que, com um aumento relativamente pequeno no custo (0.02 porcento), um componente deveria ser preferencialmente produzido na própria empresa (ao invés de ser subcontratado). Além disso, com um aumento de 0.8 porcento no custo (o que inclui a contratação de 21 porcento a mais de mão-de-obra direta), a probabilidade de violação dos planos de produção é reduzida de 90 porcento para 15 porcento, representando um plano mais estável e protegido contra incertezas. Do ponto de vista acadêmico, esta pesquisa acrescenta evidências empíricas para enriquecer a literatura existente, uma vez que não só apresenta um caso real, mas também destaca questões que devem ser consideradas e gerenciadas em um contexto do mundo real para que se possa desenvolver e implementar técnicas adequadas para lidar com o problema de planejamento estudado. / [en] Many engineering-to-order (ETO) organizations are multi-project capacity-driven production systems in which capacity planning is of major importance in the order acceptance phase. The academic literature, in this area, presents a research-practice gap with a lack of studies on the application of decision support tools to address capacity planning problems in real-world ETO settings. Within this context, the goal of this thesis is to develop a tactical capacity planning solution to support the order acceptance phase of a real-world multi-project organization that produces customised equipments on the basis of ETO policy. This research study lays in the development of mixed integer linear programming models and their practical application to solve production planning problems in the studied organization. As for the theoretical contributions of this thesis, first a deterministic model is presented in which modelling issues that are either not entirely explored in other studies or that have to be adapted to the specificities of the studied setting are taken into account. Moreover, a robust optimization model extends the former model by considering uncertainties of the planning problem. The models were fed with real-world data and solved in order to check whether they actually reflect the planning problem. Furthermore, alternative scenarios were also generated to assist the management board in the order acceptance phase. As for practical implications, for the company s manufacturing planning team, the proposed solution enhanced the decision-making process regarding tactical capacity planning, addressing different shortcomings of the company s current planning method. Empirical results suggest that with a slight increase in cost (0.02 percent) a part component should be processed in-house instead of being outsourced and that with a 0.8 percent increas in cost (which includes hiring 21 percent more personnel) the probability of violating the production plans decreases from 90 percent to 15 percent, representing a much more stable (protected against uncertainty) situation. From an academic perspective, this research adds empirical evidence to enrich the existing literature, as it not only presents a real case application, but also highlights issues that must be considered and managed in a real-world context in order to develop and implement appropriate techniques to cope with the aforementioned planning problem.

Le processus sélectif est-il nié, persistant ou dialectiquement réalisé dans la civilisation ? De ce problème, deux thèses générales se dégagent : (1) celle de l’épuisement de la sélection naturelle, la société humaine témoignant d’une véritable émancipation vitale et (2) celle d’un report des pressions de sélection, le système de contraintes sélectives demeurant effectif. En fait, cette interrogation se trouve esquissée dès l’« anthropologie » de Charles Darwin (1871), sujette encore à débats, notamment sur l’existence du darwinisme social de ce dernier, forme, justement, de report des pressions de sélection. Face à la thèse de l’incohérence doctrinale de cette « anthropologie », qui légitime malgré elle qu’on fasse tout dire de Darwin, on proposera une cohérence articulée autour du concept de sympathie et des effets combinés de la sélection, de la culture et de l’habitude. Ensuite, il s’agira de proposer une théorie de l’émancipation vitale, mêlant report des pressions de sélection et émancipation par procès ‘technosymbiotique’, néologisme au lien fort avec la cultural niche construction (Odling-Smee). Prendre la civilisation comme une niche écologique, la culture comme un paramètre, résoudra une bonne part des problèmes théoriques et de ce dualisme identitaire qu’on retrouve si souvent dans notre approche de l’homme et de sa société. La réflexion sur la civilisation nous conduira à nous interroger sur le biotope économique, comme marque essentielle et originale de notre niche écologique. Notre émancipation biologique côtoie ainsi le maintien du système de contrainte sélectionniste, dans un biotope, dès lors, de plus en plus biomimétique / Is the selective process irrelevant, does it persist, or is it dialectically achieved in civilization? Two general theses arise from this question: (1) either the progressive extinction of natural selection, human society thus witnessing a genuine vital emancipation or (2) the persistence of selection pressures, the system of selective constraints thus remaining effective. In fact, this question was outlined in 1871 with Charles Darwin’s “anthropology”; his anthropology and notably his social Darwinism, a form of displacement of selection pressures continue to be debated today. Confronted with the thesis of the doctrinal inconsistency of this “anthropology” which allows Darwin’s words to be interpreted at will, we shall put forward a form of coherence based on the concept of sympathy and the combined effects of selection, culture and habits. We shall then put forward a theory of vital emancipation that combines the persistence of selection pressures and emancipation via a technosymbiotic process, a neologism similar to cultural niche construction (Odling-Smee). Considering civilization as an ecological niche and culture as a parameter will solve most theoretical problems, notably related to the identity dualism associated with a conventional approach to man and society. Our reflection on civilization will lead us to focus on and investigate into the economic biotope understood as an essential and specific feature of our ecological niche. Following this approach, man’s biological emancipation coexists with a system of selectionist constraint in a biotope that is, as a consequence, increasingly biomimetic

High demands are set on all equipment used in emergency service work, where small margins can be the distinguishing factor between life and death during a rescue operation. It is important that tools such as ladders quickly and easily can be dismounted from a vehicle and still satisfy the regulatory requirements for securing loads during transport. The existing solution for getting ladders down from the roof of a fire engine requires a large manual effort from the user in an ergonomically unsound posture. In this degree project a new ladder holder is developed with focus on the user to solve the ergonomic problems and at the same time create a more compact design that can be adapted to several different types of ladders. After an initial pre-study with user-interviews and measurement of forces and distances a set of requirements was formulated that came to govern the project's direction. Creative methods were used to generate concepts that improved the function and through design solutions, calculations and testing in CAD a base for manufacturing of a new product was created. The result is a completely new type of ladder holder that minimizes the user's manual effort and simplifies the securing of ladders in the holder. Measures have been taken to reduce material usage and manufacturing cost, while aiming for reliability and durability. Further development and construction of physical prototypes is needed before the new ladder holder can go into production. / Höga krav ställs på all utrustning som används vid räddningstjänstens arbete, då små marginaler kan vara skillnaden mellan liv och död under en utryckning vid olycka. Det är viktigt att verktyg såsom stegar snabbt och enkelt kan monteras av från ett fordon och samtidigt uppfyller lagkrav för säkring av last under färd. Den existerande lösningen för att få ned stegar från taket på en brandbil kräver en stor manuell kraftansträngning från användaren i en oergonomisk arbetsställning. I detta examensarbete utvecklas en ny steghållare med användaren i fokus för att lösa de ergonomiska problemen och samtidigt skapa en mer kompakt konstruktion som kan anpassas till flera olika typer av stegar. Efter en inledande förstudie med användarintervjuer och mätning av krafter och avstånd formulerades en kravspecifikation som kom att styra projektets inriktning. Kreativa metoder användes för att generera koncept som förbättrade funktionen och via konstruktionslösningar, beräkningar och tester i CAD skapades ett tillverkningsunderlag för en ny produkt. Resultatet är en helt ny typ av steghållare som minimerar användarens manuella kraft-ansträngning och förenklar låsningen av stegarna i hållaren. Åtgärder har tagits för att minska materialåtgång och tillverkningskostnad samtidigt som pålitlighet och hållfasthet har eftersträvats. Mer utveckling och konstruktion av fysiska prototyper är nödvändig innan den nya steghållaren kan gå i produktion.

<p>High demands are set on all equipment used in emergency service work, where small margins can be the distinguishing factor between life and death during a rescue operation. It is important that tools such as ladders quickly and easily can be dismounted from a vehicle and still satisfy the regulatory requirements for securing loads during transport. The existing solution for getting ladders down from the roof of a fire engine requires a large manual effort from the user in an ergonomically unsound posture.</p><p>In this degree project a new ladder holder is developed with focus on the user to solve the ergonomic problems and at the same time create a more compact design that can be adapted to several different types of ladders. After an initial pre-study with user-interviews and measurement of forces and distances a set of requirements was formulated that came to govern the project's direction. Creative methods were used to generate concepts that improved the function and through design solutions, calculations and testing in CAD a base for manufacturing of a new product was created.</p><p>The result is a completely new type of ladder holder that minimizes the user's manual effort and simplifies the securing of ladders in the holder. Measures have been taken to reduce material usage and manufacturing cost, while aiming for reliability and durability. Further development and construction of physical prototypes is needed before the new ladder holder can go into production.</p> / <p>Höga krav ställs på all utrustning som används vid räddningstjänstens arbete, då små marginaler kan vara skillnaden mellan liv och död under en utryckning vid olycka. Det är viktigt att verktyg såsom stegar snabbt och enkelt kan monteras av från ett fordon och samtidigt uppfyller lagkrav för säkring av last under färd. Den existerande lösningen för att få ned stegar från taket på en brandbil kräver en stor manuell kraftansträngning från användaren i en oergonomisk arbetsställning.</p><p>I detta examensarbete utvecklas en ny steghållare med användaren i fokus för att lösa de ergonomiska problemen och samtidigt skapa en mer kompakt konstruktion som kan anpassas till flera olika typer av stegar. Efter en inledande förstudie med användarintervjuer och mätning av krafter och avstånd formulerades en kravspecifikation som kom att styra projektets inriktning. Kreativa metoder användes för att generera koncept som förbättrade funktionen och via konstruktionslösningar, beräkningar och tester i CAD skapades ett tillverkningsunderlag för en ny produkt.</p><p>Resultatet är en helt ny typ av steghållare som minimerar användarens manuella kraft-ansträngning och förenklar låsningen av stegarna i hållaren. Åtgärder har tagits för att minska materialåtgång och tillverkningskostnad samtidigt som pålitlighet och hållfasthet har eftersträvats. Mer utveckling och konstruktion av fysiska prototyper är nödvändig innan den nya steghållaren kan gå i produktion.</p>

Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown that the conventional housing firms have an ETO-production topology, while industrialized housing firms belonging to one of the others, i.e. MTO, ATO or MSP. The reason is that ETO-firms rely on crafts-based production to manage the work, while the other topologies base their steering mechanisms on industrial principles. These two types of production are fundamentally different, which also explain the need for different organization structures. The research complements previous knowledge and significantly increases the ability to predict, analyze and explain an organization’s design and behavior. The model can be used in practice to guide business development work and performance improvement programs. / <p>Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113</p>

Fokus i denna avhandling utgör läkares och civilingenjörers kunskaps- och identifikationsprocesser under utbildning och arbete – vilka studeras som utsnitt ur levnadsbanor. Syftet är att beskriva och tolka relationen mellan högre utbildning och arbete, dels utifrån föreställningar i forskning och policy, dels utifrån människors subjektivitet, vardagserfarenheter och liv. Studien baseras på textanalys och intervjuer med läkare och IT-ingenjörer under de första åren i arbetslivet och yrket. Kännetecknande är att processer följs över tid genom en longitudinell design. Den teoretiska ramen struktureras runt tre länkade teman: Kunskap och dynamiker i det samtida samhället; Högre utbildning och arbete; Människors formbarhet. Reflexiv tolkning utgör metodologisk ansats. Begreppen flexibilitet, stabilitet och ambivalens används dialektiskt vid analys av empiriska data. Avhandlingen visar att människors subjektivitet och vardagserfarenheter samspelar med generella föreställningar och sammanhangens reella förhållanden. Utbildnings- och yrkesval kan förstås som uttryck för såväl reflexiva livsprojekt som subjektiva dynamiker. Att formas till civilingenjör och läkare ter sig på vitt skilda sätt. Ingenjörerna formas till generalister och ”spelar med säkra kort” medan läkarna bygger en karaktär och ”spelar med sig själva som insats”. I arbetet använder civilingenjörerna titeln som en flexibel strategi – identifikation är främst bunden till plats, funktion och arbetstid. Läkarnas identifikation med yrket utgör ett konstant tillstånd – läkare är något de alltid är, också på fritiden – yrket är starkt bundet till person. Resultaten indikerar att både ingenjörs- och läkaryrket kännetecknas av livslånga kvalificeringsprocesser. De visar sig stark exkluderande över tid. Relationen mellan högre utbildning och arbetet diskuteras vidare i avhandlingen genom människors levnadsbanor och i termer av såväl formbara som hållbara liv. / The focus of this thesis is the formation of knowledge and professional identification through physicians’ and engineers’ education and work – life-trajectories are the frame of interpretation. The aim is to describe and interpret the relationship between higher education and work, partly by studying ideas in research and educational policy, partly by people’s subjectivity, experiences and everyday life. This study is based on text analysis and interviews with physicians and engineers. The characteristic of this study is that processes are described and interpreted through a longitudinal design. The theoretical framework is built up by three interrelated themes: knowledge and dynamics in contemporary society; higher education and work; the reflexivity of the individuals. An overarching interpretive approach is applied, and the concepts of flexibility, stability and ambivalence are used dialectically in the analysis of empirical data. The study indicates interplay between subjectivity, everyday life experiences and conditions in different practices. The informants’ educational and career choice can be understood as expressions of reflexive life-projects or as subjective dynamics. Becoming an engineer or physician stand out as substantially different processes. The engineers in information technology are becoming generalists and are “playing the game with a safe hand”, while the physicians becoming characters and are “playing the game with oneself as stake”. At work the engineers are using their title as a flexible strategy – identification is confined to place of work, occupation and working hours. The physicians’ identification with their profession is a fixed state of mind – they are always physicians, even in their leisure time – the profession is associated with their personality. The results indicate that both engineers and physicians careers can be characterised by life-long qualification. It appears as a strongly excluding factor. The relationship between higher education and work is discussed as life-trajectories and in terms of formable and sustainable life.

The focus of this thesis is on describing and analysing recently graduated physicians’ and engineers’ experiences of the relationship between the professional education programs and the respective professional practices. The aim is to explore the professionals’ reasons for their educational and career choices, what they learn in professional education, the demands they encounter in the workplace, and the perceived needs and opportunities for learning and further development in their professional practices. This study is based on a comparative design and the empirical data have been collected in interviews with physicians and master’s level engineers in information technology. The theoretical framework is structured around three parts, consisting of theories of professionalisation, theories concerned with the functions of higher education, and theories concerned with the concepts of knowledge, competence and qualifications. There is a close relationship between the process of professionalisation, the authority of the professions, the legitimacy of professional knowledge, and the higher education institutions. The results indicate that theory and practice are intimately integrated in the physicians’ professional education, whereas the engineers’ experiences of the educational program are characterised by little overlap between theory and practice. Furthermore, the physicians emphasise the importance of theoretical specialist knowledge and socio-communicative competence while the engineers instead stress the importance of generalist competence. The educational knowledge base is relatively static for both physicians and engineers. However, whereas there is a correspondence between the educational and the professional knowledge base in the case of the physicians they are only a loosely coupled in the case of the engineers. This can be attributed to the changing nature of the engineers’ professional knowledge base, which is characterised by constant change. The physicians regard their professional education as a rational preparation for the world of work. Although education does provide a general foundation for further professional development and learning, the engineers associate their professional education more with a symbolic ritual. For physicians, the formal credentials are a legal requirement to practise the profession. Education is regarded as constituting an important credential also for the engineers as it increases individual employability. The physicians tend to emphasise the use value of the educational program, while the engineers instead stress the exchange value of their educational program.

O trabalho possibilitou a transposição de uma tensão social para uma investigação: analisar e interpretar a evolução técnico-científica do Curso de Engenharia Civil de universidades gaúchas (Federal, Confessional e Comunitária) e sua aproximação e/ou afastamento do humanismo e da tecnologia. A tese parte da proposição de que os Cursos de Engenharia Civil revelam níveis diferenciados na conduta de projetos de formação do engenheiro, de acordo com a concepção e o modelo de universidade. A hipótese é de que há diferenças na gestão de projetos em vigor nesses cursos de Engenharia Civil em relação ao humanismo, à tecnologia e à inovação. O estudo de casos múltiplos foi o método utilizado para desvelar as proposições numa abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e comparativa, dado o critério de escolha: comunitária (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). A entrevista semi-estruturada foi o instrumento, sendo que as evidências provenientes dos documentos proporcionaram o encadeamento e a triangulação dos dados. Foram atores do processo de investigação, os diretores e os coordenadores dos cursos de Engenharia Civil, bem como os coordenadores dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia, além dos professores mais antigos e, ou mais experientes dessas universidades, totalizando 12 professores-participantes. Humanismo e tecnologia são as categorias teórico-referenciais; reforma e mudança, ter ou ser, técnica e tecnologia, inovação (radical e por obsolescência), conduta de projeto (unicidade, singularidade, gestão da complexidade, da incerteza e da exploração de oportunidades) são as categorias conceituais. Autores como Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) ancoram a construção teórica e num tom dialético promovem junto aos atores não apenas a confirmação da proposição de tese e da hipótese, como ampliam e incluem novas variáveis: as condutas de projetos ocorrem em níveis diferenciados considerando a concepção e o modelo de universidade, a concepção de homem e de sociedade de cada ator e a formação do ator. / This work made possible the transposition of a social tension to an investigation: to analyze and to interpret the technical-scientific evolution of the university Civil Engineering Courses in Rio Grande do Sul (Federal, Confessional and Communitarian) and their approximation and/or removal from the humanism and from the technology. The thesis starts on the proposition that Civil Engineering Courses disclose differentiated levels in the conduct of engineers formation project, considering the conception and the model of university. The hypothesis is that there are differences in the Civil Engineering Courses project management in operation, concerning the humanism, the technology and the innovation. The study of multiple cases was the method used to reveal the proposals in a qualitative, descriptive and comparative approach, concerning the criterion of choices: communitarian (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). The semi-structured interview was the instrument and the evidences from documents had provided the data chaining and triangulation. The directors and the coordinators of the Civil Engineering Courses, as well as the coordinators of the Engineering Post-graduation Programs have been the actors of the investigation process, besides the oldest and/or more experienced professors of those universities, totalizing 12 participants. Humanism and technology are the theoreticalreferential categories. The conceptual categories are: reform and change, to have or to be, technique and technology, innovation (radical and for obsolescence), conduct of project (uniqueness, singularity, complexity management, the uncertainty and the exploration of chances). Authors as Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) anchor the theoretical construction and in a dialectic tone they not only promote to the actors the confirmation of the thesis proposal and the hypothesis together, as they extend and include new variables: the conducts of projects occur in differentiated levels considering the conception and the model of university, the conception of man and society of each actor and the actor formation.

FREITAS, Francisco Emílio Campelo. A construção social da formação profissional na área de engenharia: possibilidades de educação do engenheiro cidadão. 2012. 219f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-17T13:50:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_fecfreitas.pdf: 1493888 bytes, checksum: e2e11d21d5c0a87879bab706c61e9561 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-20T15:48:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_fecfreitas.pdf: 1493888 bytes, checksum: e2e11d21d5c0a87879bab706c61e9561 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-20T15:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_fecfreitas.pdf: 1493888 bytes, checksum: e2e11d21d5c0a87879bab706c61e9561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / It is an evaluative research on the social construction of vocational training in Engineering Courses in Undergraduate Civil Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering, affiliated to the Technology Center (TC) of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), which aimed to central to understand how this occurs social constitution, it was a predominantly qualitative research, using as a research strategy, the multiple case study, how data collection techniques were used, document analysis, interviews, and structured survey, respondents were subjects managers of the CT / UFC, engineers, teachers, students and representatives of the investigated courses of professional associations in the field of engineering, and technical data analysis, we used the Content analysis, in view of Franco (2008). The survey results revealed that rationality prevails in the curricula of schools surveyed, is the technical-instrumental, signs of a critical rationality, manifested in the discourse of the subjects, who expressed that, in the technical-instrumental training the engineer, should be combined with the human, social and environmental dimensions, which would allow the formation of a Senior Citizen, the central thesis guiding this study, as evidenced by data collected in the investigation. The study is relevant to the area of Engineering Education, and to the area of Curriculum Evaluation, which allowed us to propose elements for the organization of an evaluation system for the engineering curricula. / Trata-se de uma investigação avaliativa sobre a construção social da formação profissional na área de Engenharia nos Cursos de Graduação em Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Metalúrgica, vinculados ao Centro de Tecnologia (CT) da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), que teve como objetivo central compreender como ocorre esta construção social; foi uma investigação predominantemente qualitativa, utilizando como estratégia de pesquisa, o estudo de casos múltiplos; como técnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas, a análise documental, as entrevistas, e o levantamento estruturado; os sujeitos respondentes foram os gestores do CT/UFC, coordenadores, professores, alunos dos cursos investigados e representantes de entidades de classe da área de Engenharia; como técnica de análise dos dados, foi utilizada a Analise de Conteúdo, na perspectiva de Franco (2008). Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a racionalidade predominante na organização da formação profissional dos cursos investigados, é a técnico-instrumental, com indicativos de uma racionalidade crítica, manifesta no discurso dos sujeitos da investigação, que expressaram que, à dimensão técnico-instrumental da formação profissional do engenheiro, deve-se associar as dimensões humanas e socioambientais, o que possibilitaria a formação de um Engenheiro Cidadão, elemento central da tese orientadora deste estudo, comprovada pelos dados coletados na investigação. É um estudo relevante para a área da Educação em Engenharia e, para a área de Avaliação Curricular, que possibilitou a proposição de elementos para a organização de uma sistemática de avaliação para currículos nas engenharias.

O trabalho possibilitou a transposição de uma tensão social para uma investigação: analisar e interpretar a evolução técnico-científica do Curso de Engenharia Civil de universidades gaúchas (Federal, Confessional e Comunitária) e sua aproximação e/ou afastamento do humanismo e da tecnologia. A tese parte da proposição de que os Cursos de Engenharia Civil revelam níveis diferenciados na conduta de projetos de formação do engenheiro, de acordo com a concepção e o modelo de universidade. A hipótese é de que há diferenças na gestão de projetos em vigor nesses cursos de Engenharia Civil em relação ao humanismo, à tecnologia e à inovação. O estudo de casos múltiplos foi o método utilizado para desvelar as proposições numa abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e comparativa, dado o critério de escolha: comunitária (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). A entrevista semi-estruturada foi o instrumento, sendo que as evidências provenientes dos documentos proporcionaram o encadeamento e a triangulação dos dados. Foram atores do processo de investigação, os diretores e os coordenadores dos cursos de Engenharia Civil, bem como os coordenadores dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia, além dos professores mais antigos e, ou mais experientes dessas universidades, totalizando 12 professores-participantes. Humanismo e tecnologia são as categorias teórico-referenciais; reforma e mudança, ter ou ser, técnica e tecnologia, inovação (radical e por obsolescência), conduta de projeto (unicidade, singularidade, gestão da complexidade, da incerteza e da exploração de oportunidades) são as categorias conceituais. Autores como Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) ancoram a construção teórica e num tom dialético promovem junto aos atores não apenas a confirmação da proposição de tese e da hipótese, como ampliam e incluem novas variáveis: as condutas de projetos ocorrem em níveis diferenciados considerando a concepção e o modelo de universidade, a concepção de homem e de sociedade de cada ator e a formação do ator. / This work made possible the transposition of a social tension to an investigation: to analyze and to interpret the technical-scientific evolution of the university Civil Engineering Courses in Rio Grande do Sul (Federal, Confessional and Communitarian) and their approximation and/or removal from the humanism and from the technology. The thesis starts on the proposition that Civil Engineering Courses disclose differentiated levels in the conduct of engineers formation project, considering the conception and the model of university. The hypothesis is that there are differences in the Civil Engineering Courses project management in operation, concerning the humanism, the technology and the innovation. The study of multiple cases was the method used to reveal the proposals in a qualitative, descriptive and comparative approach, concerning the criterion of choices: communitarian (UPF); confessional (PUCRS) federal (UFRGS). The semi-structured interview was the instrument and the evidences from documents had provided the data chaining and triangulation. The directors and the coordinators of the Civil Engineering Courses, as well as the coordinators of the Engineering Post-graduation Programs have been the actors of the investigation process, besides the oldest and/or more experienced professors of those universities, totalizing 12 participants. Humanism and technology are the theoreticalreferential categories. The conceptual categories are: reform and change, to have or to be, technique and technology, innovation (radical and for obsolescence), conduct of project (uniqueness, singularity, complexity management, the uncertainty and the exploration of chances). Authors as Boutinet (2002), Pinto (2005), Serres (2003), Popkewitz (1997), Fromm (1987), Rossato (1998, 2002) anchor the theoretical construction and in a dialectic tone they not only promote to the actors the confirmation of the thesis proposal and the hypothesis together, as they extend and include new variables: the conducts of projects occur in differentiated levels considering the conception and the model of university, the conception of man and society of each actor and the actor formation.