Vom Frühjahr 2010 bis Frühsommer 2011 wurden Verhalten, intra- und interspezifische Interaktionen sowie Raumnutzung von Wisenten (Bison bonasus), Exmoor-Ponys (Equus ferus) und Dybowski-Hirschen (Cervus nippon hortulorum) auf einer 14 ha großen Gemeinschaftsanlage im Tierpark Sababurg untersucht. 15 Individuen wurden dazu insgesamt für 605 Stunden mittels focal-animal und scan sampling beobachtet. Die Mittelwerte der Hauptverhaltensweisen über den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum ergaben bei den Wisenten Tagesanteile von 47,73 % für Nahrungsaufnahme, 43,05 % für Ruheverhalten, 6,79 % für Fortbewegung und 1,68 % für Komfortverhalten. Die Exmoor-Ponys fraßen 58,62 % des Tages, ruhten 34,54 %, nutzten 3,87 % für die Fortbewegung und verbrachten 1,37 % mit Komfortverhalten. 47,22 % der Zeit wurden von den Dybowski-Hirschen zur Nahrungsaufnahme verwendet, 43,64 % geruht, 4,55 % zur Fortbewegung genutzt und 2,44 % mit Komfortverhalten verbracht. All diese Verhaltensweisen waren Bestandteil eines artspezifischen Tagesrhythmus aus alternierenden Nahrungsaufnahme- und Ruhephasen. Die prozentualen Anteile und somit auch die Ausprägung dieses Tagesrhythmus variierten dabei allerdings teilweise stark zwischen den einzelnen Jahreszeiten und den damit verbundenen klimatischen und umweltbedingten Veränderungen. Die Individuen aller drei Arten verhielten sich dabei völlig normal im Rahmen der nachgewiesenen Bandbreite des natürlichen Verhaltens ihrer wildlebenden Artgenossen, unbeeinflusst von den Gehegebedingungen und Eingriffen des Zuchtmanagements. Interspezifische Interaktionen traten regelmäßig auf, positive Kontakte blieben dabei allerdings auf die Exmoor-Ponys und die Dybowski-Hirsche beschränkt. Agonistische Interaktionen waren meist lediglich als einfache Drohgebärden oder als indirekte Interaktionen ohne körperlichen Kontakt feststellbar. Eine feste Artenhierarchie ist etabliert und wird von allen Tieren akzeptiert, wobei die Wisente die dominante Rolle einnehmen, gefolgt von den Exmoor-Ponys und den Dybowski-Hirschen. Die Habitatnutzungsanalyse ergab für alle drei Arten bevorzugte Aufenthaltsbereiche und genutzte Gehegeobjekte. Dabei war wie das Verhalten auch die Habitatnutzung stark von den jahreszeitlich veränderlichen Umweltbedingungen beeinflusst. Während die offeneren Areale insbesondere im Frühjahr und Herbst genutzt wurden, bevorzugten die Tiere im Sommer und Winter eher die geschützteren Anlagenbereiche, im Sommer hauptsächlich als Schattenbereich, im Winter als Wetterschutz. Zusammenfassend betrachtet funktioniert das Zusammenleben der Wisente, Exmoor-Ponys und Dybowski-Hirsche im Tierpark Sababurg ohne Probleme und kann als Beispiel-Projekt für die zukünftige Forschung über die Möglichkeiten für Beweidungsprojekte mit heimischen Wildtieren im Naturschutz dienen.

Basée sur l’étude et la présentation précise de quatre sites cultuels situés dans le Massif Central que sont Corent, Gergovie, Montluçon et Tintignac, cette étude tente d’expliciter le développement architectural et fonctionnel des sanctuaires en Gaule du IIIe s. av. au IIIe s. apr. J.-C. Concentrée à la fois sur la forme, la fonction et l’organisation dans l’espace de l’ensemble des structures constitutives des lieux de culte, l’analyse s’appuie également sur les types de mobiliers et leur gestion. Afin de comprendre les phénomènes de romanisation des pratiques religieuses en Gaule et plus spécifiquement chez les Arvernes, les sanctuaires du Massif Central sont confrontés à plus d’une trentaine de sites cultuels répartis sur l’ensemble de la zone celte romanisée. / Based on the study of four sacred places (Corent, Gergovie, Montluçon and Tintignac) located in the French region of Massif Central, the purpose of this research is to analyse the architectural and functional development of the sacred areas in Gaul dating from the IIIrd century B.C to the IIIrd c. A.D. Focusing on shape, function and organization of the features, the analysis relies also on the different kind of artefacts and their management in the sacred area. The four sanctuaries of Massif Central are confronted to more than thirty other sacred places spread all over the Romanized Celtic zone in order to understand the romanisation of religious behaviours in Gaul and more precisely in the Arvernes area. / Basierend auf der Untersuchung und der Präsentation von vier Kultplätzen des Massif Central (Corent, Gergovie, Montluçon und Tintignac), ist der Zweck dieser Arbeit die architektonische und funktionale Entwicklung von Heiligtümern in Gallien vom 3. Jahrhundert vor Christus bis in das 3. Jahrhundert nach Christus darzustellen.Unter besonderer Beachtung stehen die Form und die Funktion der Befunde sowie deren Organisation im Raum. Die Analyse basiert auf verschiedenen Fundgattungen und deren Behandlung.Um die Romanisierung des religiösen Verhaltens in Gallien, bzw. im Territorium der Arverner besser zu verstehen, wurden mehr als 30 weitere Heiligtümer aus dem romanisierten keltischen Gebiet den Heiligtümern aus dem Massif Central gegenübergestellt.

This master's thesis deals with design and implementation of modular system for two-way loudspeaker system's characteristics. Work focus mainly on the enclosure geometry and speaker placement. The individual modules of the system were designed and then implemented. Furthermore, the characteristics of these modules were measured and laboratory tasks using these modules were elaborated.

Seit ihrer Entdeckung im 19. Jh. sind die latènezeitlichen Graben-Wall-Einfriedungen, die in Nordfrankreich als „enclos“, in Süddeutschland als „Viereckschanzen“ bezeichnet werden, entweder als Kultplätze, als Gehöfte oder auch als Befestigungsanlagen interpretiert worden. Die vorliegende Arbeit, die 34 späteisenzeitliche Einfriedungssysteme aus beiden Ländern miteinander vergleicht, verfolgt daher zwei Absichten: zum einen soll geklärt werden, welche Fundplätze profane und welche sakrale Funktionen besessen haben könnten. Zum anderen stellt sich die Frage, welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede die Einfriedungen in Nordfrankreich und Süddeutschland aufweisen. / Since their discovery in the 19th century the enclosures from the Late Latène period, named „Viereckschanzen“ by german archaeologists, have been interpreted as cult places, as farmsteads or even as fortifications. By comparing 34 enclosures of the Late Iron Age from Northern France and Southern Germany, this paper thus pursues two objectives: firstly, to determine which of the sites can be identified as sacred or as profane; secondly, to show the similarities and differences between the enclosures in both regions. / Depuis leur découverte au XIXe siècle, les enceintes laténiennes, appelées „Viereckschanzen“ par les chercheurs allemands, ont été interprétées soit comme des lieux de culte, soit comme des fermes ou bien encore des fortifications. Cette recherche basée sur l’étude comparative de 34 enclos ruraux datés de La Tène tardive dans le nord de la France et le sud de l’Allemagne poursuit donc un double objectif. D’une part, en essayant de faire la distinction entre les sites profanes ou cultuels, et d’autre part, en essayant de mettre en évidence les points communs et les différences entre ces différents types d’enclos situés dans les deux pays.

This project stems out of the need to improve the quality of life for both animals and humans, and facilitate the interaction between both environments into one habitat. The design will serve as a framework for the co-habitation and interaction of humans and animals in one habitat. At the core of this dissertation lies the concept of an animan habitat. This term embodies the concept of an intergrated habitat for all species. In arriving at the final design, a sequential thought process was applied. The logic behind this process will now be outlined (each corresponding section will be addressed in this document). Exploring the diversity of Architectural habitats and products has made it evident that involving Architects and Interior Architects into projects concerning animal space design can benefit wild animals and humans alike. Research into South African recreational nature spaces show the importance of the conservation of these existing spaces to different parties on local, national and international levels. The investigation of the importance of experiential nature spaces in Tshwane and the Tshwane CBDs (section 2.2.2) shows the importance and location of an establishment (the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa) with great human experiential, and animal conservation opportunities. The study of the contributions of global zoos to the world (section 2.3) confirms that any designs need to consider the principles and ethics followed by these zoos-conservation, recreation, education, experience, research, and community values. Behavioural enrichment (section 2.4) as a conservation contribution of zoos is an aspect that can be reinterpreted and incorporated into animal enclosures to enrich their environments, and further educate visitors. Studies about zoo evolutions (section 2.5) through the ages show how thoughts about captive environments are evolving. The subsequent study of exhibit design (section 2.6) makes clear the importance of considering the needs of the environment, animals, zoo occupants and visitors alike. Furthermore, research into design styles and illusions (section2.6) prove that designs (using whichever approach) should consider the wellbeing of animals before educating or entertaining humans. Design illusions could instead be used to change mans’ negative perceptions about zoos and other conserving environments. A study into design elements and principles (as studied by Ching and Miller) are currently used at the Zoo (section 2.7) to claim human and animal spaces. A variety of precedent investigations (section 3) make it clear that other institutions, zoos, reserves, bird parks, discovery centres, playgrounds, and an amphitheater, individuals (the work of Frei Otto) or companies (lightweight structure experts) offer products and techniques that could well suit animan space design. The result of the above is the cohabitation and respect for humans, animal and the environment in a bidirectional habitat. This forms the core of the animan concept and approach for the design of the Parrot Animan Precinct at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa (Zoo). This development is a turnkey solution comprising of Site Selection and Study (section 4); Design Discourse (section 5); Technical Investigation (section 6) and Design Drawings (section 7). / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Architecture / unrestricted

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This dissertation is a critique of Marx's theory of alienation with emphasis on how Marx constructed his definition of man and consciousness. The main premise of the theory is that private property caused alienation but the hypothesis of this dissertation is that because the theory defined man and consciousness in an erroneous manner alienation was not possible, and that the conditions observed by Marx were exacerbated by landlessness. / Political Sciences / M.A. (Politics)

Cette thèse se compose de deux volets indépendants mais complémentaires : d'une part une carte archéologique d'Orange et du nord-ouest du Vaucluse ; d'autre part une étude sur l'origine et la chronologie des importations de céramiques sigillées italiques en Narbonnaise à partir du cas d'Orange. La carte archéologique synthétise les découvertes archéologiques touchant une période comprise entre 700 av. et 700 ap. J.-C. Toutes les informations disponibles ont été prises en compte (manuscrits, rapports d'opérations, sources imprimées) afin de dresser un état de la bibliographie et de préciser nos connaissances des vestiges antiques du nord-ouest du département de Vaucluse. Le corpus ainsi constitué est la base d'une réflexion sur l'occupation de la zone durant l'Antiquité, l'organisation urbaine de la colonie d'Orange et les limites du territoire de la cité. L'aspect historiographique constitue également un point important de ce travail. L'étude céramologique renouvelle nos repères chronologiques sur le développement urbain de la cité durant le premier siècle de son existence grâce, notamment, à la datation de l'enceinte, des différentes constructions monumentales du site de l'hémicycle et des contextes précoces des quartiers d'habitations à l'est du théâtre. L'étude céramologique s'attache par ailleurs à identifier l'origine des sigillées italiques recueillies à l'occasion des différents chantiers de fouilles, ce qui permet de dresser un bilan complet des ateliers. / This thesis consists of two parts, independent but complementary : on the one hand, an archaeological map of Orange and the northwest of Vaucluse; on the other hand, a study of the origin and the chronology of the imports of ceramics called italian sigillata in Gallia Narbonensis based on the case of Orange. The archaeological map synthesizes the archaeological discoveries touching a period included between 700 BC and 700 AD. All the available information was taken into account (manuscripts, reports, printed sources) to draw up a state of the bibliography and specify our knowledge of the antique vestiges of the northwest of Vaucluse. The corpus so established is the basis of a reflection on the occupation of the zone during the Antiquity, the urban organization of the city of Orange and the limits of its political territory. The historiographical aspect also constitutes an important point of this work. The ceramic study renews our chronological points of reference on the urban development of the city for its first century of existence, with in particular the dating of the surrounding wall, the various monumental constructions of the site of the « hémicycle » and the early contexts of living districts east of the theater. Besides, the ceramic study attempts to identify the origin of the examined italian sigillata, drawing up first a ou synthesis of workshops producing this ceramic. Indeed, if the italian sigillat seems well known, we quickly notice that it was almost always considered a homogeneous whole, without taking into account the existence of multiple workshops, in the constitution of typologies and datings.

A construção civil é o maior consumidor de recursos naturais do planeta, apropriando-se atualmente de mais da metade da massa total dos materiais extraídos. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de sistemas construtivos que proporcionem uma redução do consumo de materiais, conhecida como o princípio da desmaterialização dos edifícios, pode ser uma estratégia para a redução do impacto que a construção civil exerce sobre o ambiente, e um passo em direção a uma economia mais sustentável. A utilização de placas cimentícias para a produção de vedações vem crescendo em várias partes do mundo, seja para a produção de vedações verticais externas, seja como revestimento não aderido sobre vedos existentes, destinados tanto a melhoria estética quanto o desempenho destas fachadas. Uma vedação com placas cimentícias possui em torno de 25% da massa de uma alvenaria tradicional constituída por blocos de concreto para a execução de uma mesma área de vedação vertical, o que pode contribuir ainda para uma redução dos materiais empregados nas estruturas e fundações de um edifício. Apesar da utilização destas placas cimentícias estar coerente com a estratégia da desmaterialização, algumas experiências de vedações executadas com estes componentes manifestaram problemas de manutenção de suas características ao longo do tempo, apresentando fissuras geralmente nas juntas entre placas. Verificando-se as propriedades dos materiais que constituem esta placa cimentícia, principalmente a variação dimensional em relação à temperatura e umidade, constatou-se uma incompatibilidade entre a amplitude das variações dimensionais resultantes e os sistemas de fixação e juntas empregados para a sustentação das mesmas. A avaliação experimental de choque térmico comprovou a influência destas variações para a deterioração das juntas entre as placas. Com base nesta constatação, e em análises dos processos de fixação de placas cimentícias adotados por fornecedores em diversas partes do mundo, foi desenvolvido neste trabalho um novo sistema de fixação para placas cimentícias e de juntas entre estas com capacidade de atender a esta variação dimensional. Realizaram-se protótipos destes componentes os quais foram submetidos a uma avaliação experimental de choque térmico, resultando em nenhuma alteração visível nas juntas e nas superfícies destas placas. Como resultado concluiu-se que a criação de mecanismos que possibilitem acomodação às variações dimensionais, tanto nos dispositivos de fixação destas à estrutura, quanto nos acabamentos das juntas, podem contribuir significativamente para a durabilidade do sistema de vedações constituída por placas cimentícias. / The construction industry is the largest consumer of natural resources in the planet, currently appropriating more than half of mass of the total material extracted. In this context, the development of building systems that provide their dematerialization can be considered as a strategy to reduce the environmental construction impact, and a step toward a more sustainable economy. The use of fiber cement boards for the building production is growing in many parts of the world, to produce external vertical building enclosure or building envelopes, to improving the aesthetics and performance of these facades. A fiber cement board walls weigh around 25% of the traditional masonry mass made of concrete blocks for the same area of vertical building enclosure which can further contribute to a reduction of the materials used in building structures and foundations. Although the use of fiber cement boards complies with the dematerialization strategy, some experiments carried out with these cladding showed maintenance problems over time, usually cracks in the joints between panels. Checking the properties of materials constituting fiber cement boards, especially the dimensional variation due to changing temperature and humidity, there was an incompatibility between these dimensional variations amplitude and fixing systems and joints used to support them. The thermal shock experimental evaluation proved the influence of these variations on joints deterioration. Based on this observation, and on analyzes of the fiber cement suppliers recommendations over the world, a new system for fixing fiber cement board and joints between them was developed in this work with capacity to adapt to this dimensional variation. Prototypes of these components were made and submitted the thermal shock evaluation, resulting in no visible changes in the joints and on the surfaces of these panels. As a result, it was concluded that the creation of mechanisms that allow accommodating the dimensional variations, both in fixing these panels to the structure, and in the joints finishing can significantly contribute to the vertical building enclosure system durability.