O número de mensagens nos fóruns educativos online gera uma sobrecarga de informação, que dificulta a organização e a comunicação entre os membros, comprometendo, também, a eficácia do processo de avaliação da aprendizagem. Diante da necessidade de uma solução metodológica para o contexto da EAD no Brasil, realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os modelos de organização e o processo de análise das mensagens que envolvem os indicadores das habilidades da presença cognitiva (Garrison et al. 2001) e o pensamento crítico e a dinâmica do questionamento socrático (Paul, 1993). Propõe-se um novo modelo de fórum intitulado \"Fórum Socrático Cognitivo- FSC\" com uma metodologia de avaliação da presença cognitiva e dos níveis de pensamento crítico dos alunos em cursos superiores online. Os procedimentos metodológicos e o grid de avaliação foram aplicados em duas disciplinas do curso de aperfeiçoamento em EAD em 2011, 2012 e 2013 de uma instituição de ensino superior vinculada a UAB do Brasil. A metodologia adotada envolve os princípios da lexicometria, da análise documentária, textuais e estatísticas, modelos de regressão linear e redes complexas. Realizou-se a análise de 3.400 mensagens postadas por 544 alunos para verificar as relações de dependência entre a variável resposta \"nota\" e as covariáveis: conceitos, categorias de Garrison, tópicos socráticos, riqueza vocabular e sala (tutor). Construíram-se 2 modelos de regressão linear e 136 redes complexas que permitiram confirmar os testes ANOVA utilizados na avaliação de desempenho dos alunos. As covariáveis conceitos, categorias de Garrison e sala apresentaram nível de significância positivo na associação com a nota final do aluno. Considera-se que o modelo FSC contribui para o desenvolvimento das habilidades de expressão e comunicação de conceitos abordados na disciplina e colabora na avaliação do pensamento crítico e da presença cognitiva do aluno nos fóruns online. / The usually large number of posts in educational forums leads to an information overload, which hinders forum organization and communication among members while undermining the effectiveness of learning assessment. Considering the need for a methodological solution applicable to the context of Brazil\'s online distance learning (ODL), there was conducted a review of the literature on organizational models and processes of analysis of messages involving indicators of critical thinking and cognitive presence skills (Garrison et al., 2001) and the Socratic inquiry dynamics (Paul, 1993). This study proposes a new forum model entitled FSC (Cognitive Socratic Forum), which comprises a method for assessing students\' cognitive presence and critical thinking skills in online higher education. The methodological procedures and evaluation grid were applied to two specialization courses on ODL in 2011, 2012, and 2013 at a higher education institution associated with UAB (Brazil\'s Open University). The methodology involved principles of lexicometry, documentary, textual and statistical analysis, linear regression models, and complex networks. Analysis was conducted on 3,400 messages posted by 544 students to investigate dependency relationships between the response variable \'grade\' and the following co-variables: concepts, Garrison\'s categories, Socratic topics, vocabulary richness, and classroom (tutor). Two linear regression models and 136 complex networks were constructed to enable confirmation of ANOVA tests employed to assess student performance in forums. The co-variables concepts, Garrison\'s categories, and classroom displayed positive significance levels when associated to students\' final grades. Therefore, it may be concluded that the proposed FSC model promoted students\' ability to express and communicate the concepts covered in the specialization course and contributed to effectively assessing their cognitive presence and critical thinking skills in online forums.

Trolling can affect a web forum and the social sustainability of a forum thread through an activity that leads to negative consequences for participants and participation. Trolling means posts with insults and attacks that are intended to provoke and irritate. By studying the consequences of interaction in web forums on programming, a better understanding of social sustainability is created. Social sustainability aspects concern human well-being but also basic needs for survival. A qualitative approach, inspired by netnography, provided the opportunity to interpret the contexts that arise in a forum conversation and how participation is influenced by the contributions of different participants. The approach created the basis for answering the research question: How does the interaction between participants affect social sustainability and what are the consequences of meetings in both national and international web forum for programming discussions? The analysis of data was conducted through interpretation of text and a process adapted to the netnography, which meant abstraction and comparison, control and refinement, generalization and theorizing. The results show that international forum threads, with English as the communication language, are less socially sustainable, than the national ones. Almost half of the forum threads in the study, 8 out of 17, can be assessed socially sustainable. Kudos trolling with interference in the interaction is recorded the most times but is only found in 3 of 17 forum threads. All forum threads that addressed school assignments were influenced by misunderstandings and a lack of understanding regarding the description of the question or answers. / Trollning kan påverka ett webbforum och en forumstråds sociala hållbarhet genom en aktivitet som leder till negativa konsekvenser för deltagarna och deltagandet. Trollning innebär inlägg med förolämpningar och påhopp som är avsedda att provocera och irritera. Genom undersökning av konsekvenser av interaktion i webbforum gällande programmering skapas en bättre förståelse för den sociala hållbarheten. Sociala hållbarhetsaspekter berör mänskligt välbefinnande, men även grundläggande behov för överlevnad. En kvalitativ ansats, inspirerad av netnografi, gav möjligheter att tolka de sammanhang som uppstår i en forumskonversation, och hur deltagandet påverkas av olika deltagares inlägg. Ansatsen skapade grunder för att besvara forskningsfrågan: Hur påverkar interaktionen mellan deltagare den sociala hållbarheten, och vilka är konsekvenserna av möten i, både nationella och internationella, webbforum för programmeringsdiskussioner? Analysen av data genomfördes genom tolkning av text, och en process anpassad till netnografin som innebar abstraktion och komparation, kontroll och förfining, generalisering samt teoretiserande. Resultatet visar att internationella forumstrådar, med engelska som kommunikationsspråk, är mindre socialt hållbara än de nationella. Nästan hälften av forumstrådarna i studien, 8 av 17, kan bedömas socialt hållbara. Kudostrollning med störning i interaktionen registreras flest gånger, men återfinns endas i 3 av 17 forumstrådar. Alla forumstrådar som behandlade skoluppgifter påverkades av missförstånd, och en oförståelse rörande beskrivning av frågan eller svaren.

Orientador: Solange L'Abbate / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:17:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dorigan_JulianaHespanhol_M.pdf: 1113870 bytes, checksum: 0771a415a277a4352c69609a5b8cfed6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O município de Campinas constitui-se como referência nas políticas públicas de saúde mental por instaurar arranjos inovadores. Destaca-se a participação de profissionais como psiquiatras, psicólogos e terapeutas ocupacionais compondo equipes de Unidades Básicas de Saúde, seguindo a lógica de apoiadores matriciais em saúde mental. Este modo de organizar o processo de trabalho tem permitido a aproximação dos trabalhadores de saúde com as necessidades em saúde mental dos usuários que se apresentam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), e, avançando no sentido de ampliar a compreensão do cuidado em saúde em geral. É conhecida a existência de fóruns de saúde mental em cada um dos distritos de saúde de Campinas, criados para construir e acompanhar os projetos de assistência em saúde mental que agrega profissionais da área - Centros de Saúde (CS), Centros de Apoio Psicossocial (CAPS) e serviços de referência. Considerando os princípios da Política Pública para a área de saúde mental, esta investigação pretende analisar o papel desses fóruns na formulação do modelo de atenção e implementação das práticas de cuidado ao usuário. Neste estudo foi realizada, no âmbito teórico da Análise Institucional, a denominada 'análise de papel', ou seja, o material empírico da análise constituiu-se de documentos, observações e entrevistas com apoiadores institucionais da saúde mental dos distritos de saúde de Campinas. Pretendeu-se com esta investigação construir informações sistematizadas sobre a forma como certos processos discutidos nestes fóruns repercutem na prática cotidiana dos profissionais, no atendimento ao usuário e na constituição de redes de cuidado / Abstract: Campinas is reference in public policy on mental health by introducing innovative arrangements. Emphasizes the participation of professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists and occupational therapists composing teams of Basic Health Units, following the logic of supporter's matrix in mental health. This way of organizing the work process leads to the approximation of health workers with mental health needs of the users of the Primary Health Care and moving towards a broader understanding of health care in general. It is known that there are mental health's forums in each health district of Campinas created to construct and follow mental health's projects that is composed by professionals of Health Centers, Centers for Psychosocial Support and reference services. Considering the principles of Public Policy for the area of mental health, this research aims to examine the role of these forums in the formulation of the model care and the implementation of healthcare practices to the user. This study was performed in theorical field of Institutional Analysis, by the named 'role analysis', where the empirical analysis consists of documents, observations and interviews with mental health's institutional supporters of health districts of Campinas. This research was intended to build systematic information on how certain processes discussed in these forums reverberates in professional's daily practices, in customer service and networking care / Mestrado / Ciências Sociais em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The study focused on Community Policing Forums (CPFs), sector policing and visible policing which are the policing strategies that are currently used to bring police officers closer to the community in order to identify and address the root causes of crime. These strategies are also meant to improve police service delivery which will satisfy and meet the community’s expectations about police services. The study also focused on factors which affect the lack of police service delivery to the community. Quantitative research design was used to evaluate Mamotintane community’s level of satisfaction with police service delivery. Non-probability sampling was used in which purposive or judgmental sampling methodology was used to select the 120 community members from Mamotintane Village. A fixed-response questionnaire that was written in English then translated in Sepedi which is the language commonly used by the target population was used in the study. A Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22) software was then used to analyse the data which was presented in a form of graphs and tables. Summary of the empirical findings are that a large number of 33% community members disagree that CPFs are successfully established in the community where police officers have regular meetings with community members in order to discuss about crimes which are affecting the community. A large number of 43% respondents strongly agree that police corruption has a negative impact to the community.

Based on the After-School Centers governing documents, the activities must stimulate the pupil’s development and learning and offer meaningful leisure time. A prerequisite for the pupils to experience meaningfulness is that they are made involved and have an influence on the design of the activity. Previous research in our subject shows that pupils 'influence and participation is limited, therefore the purpose of our study is to investigate how educators create and maintain participation and influence in after-schools, and what factors enable and limit pupils room for maneuver. We have chosen to use a qualitative research method in the form of semi-structured interviews with three adults who work at different After-School Centers. Our empirical data is analyzed on the basis of a socio-cultural framework with a spatial perspective. In the spatial perspective, we take the help of different entrances based on a Foucault-inspired view of power, as well as Harry Shier's participation model. The result we came to from our study is that the educators enable the pupil’s participation and influence formally in various democratic forums, as well as informally in the free play and everyday conversations. Participation and influence are found in the After-School Centers, but are limited by the educators' double tasks as the after-school center is basically situation-controlled and child-initiated, where the pupils must be given participation and influence. At the same time, the educators have governing documents with goal formulations to relate to. Other factors that limit is the adults' perspective, which sets the framework for how much room for maneuver the pupils can get. / Utifrån fritidshemmets styrdokument ska verksamheten stimulera elevernas utveckling och lärande, samt erbjuda en meningsfull fritid. En förutsättning för att eleverna ska uppleva meningsfullhet är att de görs delaktiga och får inflytande över utformningen av verksamheten. Den tidigare forskningen i vårt ämne visar på att elevernas inflytande och delaktighet är begränsat, därför är syftet med vår studie att undersöka hur fritidshemspersonal skapar och upprätthåller delaktighet och inflytande i fritidshemmet, samt vilka faktorer som möjliggör och begränsar elevernas handlingsutrymme. Vi har valt att använda en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre vuxna som arbetar på olika fritidshem. Vår empiri analyseras utifrån ett sociokulturellt ramverk med ett rumsligt perspektiv. I det rumsliga perspektivet tar vi hjälp av olika ingångar utifrån en Foucaultinspirerad syn på makt, samt Harry Shiers delaktighetsmodell.  Resultatet vi kom fram till av vår undersökning är fritidshemspersonalen möjliggör elevernas delaktighet och inflytande formellt i olika demokratiska forum, samt informellt i den fria leken och vardagliga samtal. Delaktighet och inflytande finns i fritidshemmen, men begränsas av fritidshemspersonalens dubbla uppdrag då fritidshemmet är i grunden situationsstyrt och barninitierat, där eleverna ska ges delaktighet och inflytande. Samtidigt har fritidshemspersonalen styrdokument med målformuleringar att förhålla sig till. Andra faktorer som begränsar är de vuxnas perspektiv som sätter ramarna för hur stort handlingsutrymme eleverna kan få.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur incels talar om våld, vilken betydelse våld har för incel-kulturen och incels identitetsskapande. Incels är ett relativt nytt fenomen, som ägnats mer uppmärksamhet i samband med ett antal våldsamma incel-attacker under 2010-talet. Attackerna har riktat sig mot civilsamhället, och har enligt Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI) ofta föregåtts av att gärningsmannen spenderat tid på incel-forum (2020, s. 1). Denna iakttagelse om korrelationen mellan incelforum och incel-attacker föranledde utförandet av den här studien. Studiens material utgörs av 511 inlägg från våldsrelaterade diskussionstrådar på hemsidorna incels.net och incels.is, vilka undersöktes med en kvalitativ analys av meningsinnehåll. Resultatet visade att inlägg av våldsbejakande karaktär var mycket vanligt förekommande. Resultatet visade även att teman som kvinnohat, offerskap och icke-våldsbejakande ofta återkom. Det teoretiska ramverket för studien har varit en triangulering av Agnews teori om General strain, Connells maskulinitetsteori och Goffmans teori om stigma. Utifrån dessa teorier kan våldsbejakande diskurs förstås som en hantering av strain, ett iscensättande av maskulinitet och en reaktion på stigma. Resultatet i den här studien bekräftar till stor del tidigare forskning på incels, men det går att konstatera att ytterligare forskning krävs för att förstå varför incels är våldsbejakande, och vilken betydelse internetforum har för incel-kulturen och incel-attacker. / The aim of this study was to examine in what way incels discuss violence, as well as how significant violence is for the incel-culture and their identity. Incels are a relatively new phenomenon, which has been more closely examined following recent attacks perpetrated by incels. The attacks have been aimed at civilians, and according to the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), these attacks have often been preceded by the perpetrator spending time on incel forums (2020). This observation regarding the correlation between incel forums and incel attacks inspired the approach of this study, which aims to shed light on how incels talk about violence, and what role violence plays within the online incel community. The empirical material for this study consisted of 511 posts made on violence related threads from the websites incels.net and incels.is. The study applied qualitative analysis of data to examine the research questions, and the result showed that pro-violence was a common theme within the material. The result also showed that misogyny, feelings of injustice and anti-violence were recurring themes. Agnew’s General strain theory, Connell’s theory of masculinity and Goffman’s theory of stigma was used as a theoretical framework to analyse the material. Using these theories, the study explains the identified themes as coping strategies for strain, attempted staging of masculinity and a reaction to stigma. The results in this study confirm previous research made on the subject, but more research is needed to fully understand the ways incels talk about violence and the significance of violence within the incel community.

No description available.

This thesis examines how experiences of stigma related to cannabis use are expressed and processed in an online forum. Using a netnographic method, posts from the cannabis forum on Flashback are analysed to understand how these interactions contribute to meaning-making in social contexts. By examining posts, a complex picture emerges of how stigma is expressed and how users manage this in online environments. The forum serves as a place where users can share experiences and support each other, contributing to a collective meaning-making around cannabis use.  The thesis employs Erving Goffman’s theories of stigma and symbolic interactionism to highlight how individuals within a stigmatized group manage and navigate their social reality. The results show that cannabis users on Flashback actively discuss and cope with stigma through various strategies and adaptations, contributing to a deeper understanding of how social and structural constraints affect their experiences and behaviours. By normalizing their use and creating a shared understanding within the group, they mitigate the negative consequences of stigma. This thesis thus provides insights into how digital environments both reflect and influence the norms and attitudes surrounding cannabis use.

En el ámbito de la pandemia, las instituciones educativas buscaron diversos mecanismos tecnológicos para poder desarrollar sus sesiones de aprendizajes, sin embargo, la mayoría de actividades que plantearon en el entorno, no estaban orientadas a incentivar capacidades y competencias críticas en sus estudiantes, aprovechando los recursos didácticos y creativos que ofrece el medio virtual. En tal sentido, se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de elaborar una propuesta didáctica de foros virtuales para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de nivel secundario de una institución educativa lambayecana. Se utilizó el diseño descriptivo – propositivo, con la aplicación de una rúbrica de aprendizaje cuyo resultado de validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos y confiabilidad fueron muy altos, con 0.973 y 0.972. La muestra estuvo conformada por 30 estudiantes del tercer grado de secundaria, seleccionada mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se obtuvo que el 90% de los estudiantes se ubicaron en el nivel “en proceso “y “en inicio”, en la variable objeto de estudio, en las habilidades que conformaron el análisis: argumentación, solución de problemas y juicios de valor. Se concluyó que existía un notorio déficit en este aspecto, por lo que se planteó la propuesta didáctica de foros virtuales por constituir una estrategia que permite el desarrollo de dichas habilidades, debido a que en su ejercicio y quehacer involucran los procesos cognitivos necesarios para este fin, usando los medios virtuales y la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información, como instrumento en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje. / Keywords: In the field of the pandemic, educational institutions sought various technological mechanisms to develop their learning sessions, however, most of the activities they proposed in the environment were not oriented to encourage critical skills and competencies in their students, taking advantage of the didactic and creative resources offered by the virtual environment. In this sense, a research was carried out with the objective of elaborating a didactic proposal of virtual forums to develop critical thinking in high school students of an educational institution in Lambayeque. A descriptive-propositional design was used, with the application of a learning rubric whose validity and reliability results were very high, with 0.973 and 0.972, respectively. The sample consisted of 30 students in the third grade of high school, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. As a result, it was obtained that 90% of the students were located at the "in process" and "at the beginning" level, in the variable under study, in the skills that made up the analysis: argumentation, problem solving and value judgments. From this it was concluded that there was a notorious deficit in this aspect, so the didactic proposal of virtual forums was proposed as a strategy that allows the development of these skills, because in their exercise and work they involve the cognitive processes necessary for this purpose, using virtual media and the application of information technologies as an instrument in the teaching-learning process.

Avhandlingen beskriver och analyserar hur frågor kring tillgänglighet/handikapp för första gången aktualiserades och implementerades i planeringen och utformningen av den byggda miljön i Aten, nämligen processen i samband med beslut, planering och implementering av jätteprojektet Atens Metro. Studien tecknar framväxten av olika handikapporganisationer, som från att ha varit svaga aktörer successivt lyckades få gehör för sina krav inom stadens förvaltning, politiska organ, den grekiska riksdagen och inte minst inom de företag som byggde metrosystemet. Avhandlingen diskuterar hur handikapporganisationer och metrosystemet växte fram och påverkade varandra, hur viktiga forum för att diskutera/problematisera olika perspektiv på handikapp skapades där aktörsgrupper med delvis olika intressen förde fram sina ståndpunkter och förhandlade samt vilka konkreta avtryck som dessa processer ledde till i form av en - slutligen - handikappvänlig teknisk konfiguration av metrosystemet. Studien knyter också an till den europeiska diskussionen, bl.a. inom EU, kring handikapp och vilken betydelse som denna diskussion hade för det framväxande metroprojektet, inte minst inför Atens OS-värdskap 2004. Avhandlingen tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i dels samhällsvetenskapliga teknik- och vetenskapsstudier, dels "disability studies". / The idea of building a metro network in Athens dates back to the 1950s. It took almost fifty years for the Greek government to develop plans, secure funds and to carry out an effective procurement process for the construction of the Athens metro. In February 1987 the government announced an invitation to tender for the design and construction of the metro. Thirteen years later, in January 2000 the first two lines began operation. The construction of the metro consisted of numerous preliminary studies, different public organizations which dealt with its development and several controversies concerning its design. One of these controversies referred to the issue whether the metro would be accessible to disabled people or not. Integrating accessibility provisions in the metro design constituted a controversial issue where different actors argued and acted for and against its implementation. This study describes and analyses the process of making the metro accessible. The analysis focuses on how questions regarding accessibility/disability were actualized for the first time in the planning and design of the Greek built environment and in particular on the process of building the biggest and most complicated infrastructure project in Greece, the Athens metro. At the same time, the study describes the evolution of disability organizations in Greece: they changed from being weak actors who were unable to influence socio-political configurations to actors that successively gained attention within the public administration, political organs, the Greek Parliament and the company that constructed the metro. The study discusses how disability organizations and the metro were developed and influenced each other and how important forums, where several actors with diverse interests problematized and produced different perspectives on disability, were initiated. These forums constituted public spaces within the public administration and eventually contributed to the construction of an accessible metro network. The analysis is also connected to Athens hosting of the Olympic and Paralympic Games of 2004 which created increasing demands for constructing an accessible built environment, including the metro. Furthermore, the study also draws upon the discussion within the EU on disability and on which kind of consequences this discussion implied for the developing metro. The theoretical basis for this study is located at the intersection of two broad fields, namely science and technology studies (S&TS) and disability studies.