Den fria leken förekommer i barnens vardag hela tiden både i hemmen och i förskolans olika miljöer. Den fria leken finns alltid där men får möjligen inte lika stort utrymme för reflektion kring vad den faktiskt innebär och hur betydelsefull den kan vara. Hur mycket reflekteras det kring den fria leken och hur medvetna är förskollärarna kring vad den fria leken bidrar med till barnen. Hur medvetna är förskollärarna om sitt eget deltagande i den fria leken och hur deras delaktighet skapar förutsättningar för barns lärande och utveckling.Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur förskollärarna talar om den fria leken och positionerar sig i förhållande till den.Vår studie utgår ifrån en Foucault inspirerad diskursanalys där vi använder oss av tematisk analys som verktyg för diskursanalysen. Den är baserad på en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod där vi valt att utföra studien i form av intervjuer med förskollärare. Genom intervjuerna ville vi undersöka förskollärares sätt att tala om den fria leken i förskolan och hur de positionerar sig i den.Den fria leken har en stor betydelse i förskolans verksamhet. De diskurser som framträder i förskollärares tal om den fria leken, är bland annat den fria leken är otroligt viktig, ansvarstagande samt lek är en utbildning.Informanterna i studien ifrågasätter om den fria leken ska anses som fri då det är mycket som bidrar till att den inte blir så fri i den utsträckning som önskas. Förskollärare kan inta flera olika positioner i verksamheten, bland annat maktposition som kan både anses som negativt och positivt. Detta påverkar i sin tur barnens egna inflytande på den fria leken. / Free play occurs in the children's everyday life all the time both in the home and in the different preschool environments. Free play is something that is always among us, but may not have as much space for reflection on what it actually means. Also how important it can be for children's development and education. How much does preschool teachers reflect about free play and how aware are they about what it contributes to the children. How aware are the preschool teachers about their own participation in free play, and how can their participation create qualifications for children's learning and development.The purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge about how preschool teachers talk about free play and position themselves in relation to it.Our study is based on a Foucault-inspired discourse analysis. It is based on a qualitative research method, where we have chosen to carry out the study in the form of interviews with preschool teachers. Through the interviews, we wanted to investigate preschool teachers' ways of talking about free play in preschool, and how they position themselves in it.Free play is of great importance in the preschool's activities. The discourses that emerge in preschool teachers' speech about free play, including free play is incredibly important, taking responsibility and playing as an education. The informants in the study question whether free play should be considered free, as there is much that contributes to it not being as free as desired. Preschool teachers can take several different positions in preschool, including a position of power that can be considered both negative and positive. Which affects the children's own influence on free play.

Forskning visar att Sverige är ett av de mest individualistiska länderna i världen, där ensamhet och social isolering ökar i samhället. Ensamheten beskrivs som ett själsligt lidande och ökar risken för fysiska konsekvenser som suicid. Suicid beskrivs inte i samma utsträckning i tidningsmedia som andra ämnen eftersom det är tabubelagt, trots att vi förlorar fyra individer i suicid per dag, vilket motsvarar en var sjätte timme.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur suicid framställs i tidningsmedia med fokus på spänningen mellan samhälleliga och individuella förklaringar. Frågeställningarna uppsatsen ämnat att besvara är följande ”Hur begripliggörs suicid i tidningsmedia?” och ”Hur kan dessa beskrivningar förstås med hjälp av Baumans teori om det individualiserade samhället?” Studien ämnar ta form av en foucaultinspirerad diskursanalys för att studera hur diskursen om suicid konstrueras i tidningsmedia. Metodvalet togs för att producera underlag för att analysera hur tidningsmedia förmedlar och formar samhällets förståelse av suicid och spänningen mellan hur diskursen pendlar från att vara ett individansvar till ett ansvar på samhällelig nivå. Det utvalda tidningsmedierna som studien hämtat sitt empiriska material ifrån är Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet, där hämtades 22 tidningsartiklar för att analyseras. Det teoretiska ramverket består utav Zygmynt Baumans teori om det individualiserade samhället, den tillämpades för att skapa en förståelse hur samhällets strukturer påverkar och förstärker det individualiserade ansvarstagandet samt för att belysa komplexiteten. Resultatet utifrån denna uppsats pekar på att diskursen om suicid är komplex och suicidframställningen visar på flertalet olika perspektiv inom diskursen. Mest framstående i tidningsmedia är den ekonomiska faktorn och ensamheten som beskrivs florera i samhället. En slutsats i studien är att det individualistiska samhället präglas av en åtgärdsfixerad kultur men att ansvar läggs allt oftare på individen på grund av det bristfälliga stödet samhället erbjuder. / Science suggest that Sweden is one of the most individualistic countries in the world, where loneliness and social isolation increases in society. Loneliness is described to be a suffering of the soul and increases the risk for physical consequences such as suicide. Suicide is not described in the same extent in newspaper media as other subjects because it is taboo, even though we lose four individuals every day to suicide, which corresponds to one every six hours. The purpose of this essay is to study how suicide is portrayed in newspaper media with focus on the tension between societal and individual explanations. The questions this essay aims to answer is following” How to make suicide comprehensible in newspaper media?” and” How can these descriptions be understood by using Bauman’s theory about individualized societies?” The essay means to take form of a foucaultinspired discourse analysis to study how the suicide discourse is constructed in newspaper media. The choice of method was taken to produce a basis to analyze how newspaper media conveys and shapes societies understanding of suicide and the tension between the discourse varies from being an individual responsibility and a responsibility on a societal level. The chosen newspaper media that the study has collected it´s empirical material from is Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, where 22 newspaper articles was retrieved. The result from this essay points out that the suicide discourse is complex, and the description of suicide shows multiple perspectives within the discourse. Most prominent in the newspaper media is the economic factor and loneliness is the described to flourish in society. One conclusion of the essay is experienced to be that the individualistic society we live in, where a strong action fixated culture flourishes, the responsibility is often placed on the individual due to the inadequate support society offer.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar os fundamentos metodológicos da arqueologia de Michel Foucault segundo noções do estruturalismo. Com a pretensão de contribuir para o debate a respeito da metodologia arqueológica foi selecionado o problema da materialidade do saber, tanto na dimensão da relação entre formações discursivas e formações econômicas, quanto na materialidade do próprio discurso. Dessa forma, as obras investigadas do filósofo francês são do período inicial de seu pensamento, partindo de Doença Mental e Personalidade (1954) e Doença Mental e Psicologia (1962), História da Loucura (1961) e O Nascimento da Clínica (1963); finalmente traçando um balanço com alguns apontamentos em A Arqueologia do Saber (1969). O caminho de pesquisa analisando obra a obra se justifica pela ausência de um método arqueológico pré-determinado, mas que é modelado através da análise de cada objeto particular. O desenvolvimento da análise sob o ponto de vista filosófico parte de uma apresentação inicial sobre noções do estruturalismo através da linguística (Saussure e Hjelmslev) e semiologia (Barthes) para construção de uma base teórica. Além disso, as noções do estruturalismo são organizadas a partir de um panorama de problemas e instrumentos utilizados pelos pensadores franceses da geração de 1968, apresentado por Deleuze. Investigando a metodologia das obras foucaultianas, o trabalho pretende contribuir para uma elucidação dos fundamentos teóricos da arqueologia de Foucault através de três componentes: 1 – o elemento, que pode ser entendido como discurso, enunciado, ou função-signo; 2 – o sistema, que pode ser entendido como história, formações discursivas ou arquivo; 3 – causalidade estrutural, que pode ser entendida como um conjunto descritivo das condições de possibilidade, o objeto arqueológico. Transversalmente à essa análise, a abordagem do problema da materialidade do saber demonstra que a contribuição deste trabalho pretende avançar no entendimento da incidência das formações não discursivas na constituição dos saberes (nível sistêmico), da relação entre essas formações e as formações discursivas (nível da causalidade) e da materialidade da função-signo, enunciado e discurso (nível elementar). / [en] The objective of this thesis is to investigate the methodological cornerstones of archaeology in Michel Foucault, according to elements of structuralism. Aiming to contribute to the debate on archaeological methodology, the problem of materiality of knowledge was chosen, both in the dimension of the relationship between discursive and economic formations, as well as in the realm of the materiality of discourse. Thus, the works investigated date from the beginning of his thinking, starting in Maladie mentale et personnalité (1954) and Mental Illness and Psychology (1962), Madness and Civilization (1961) e The Birth of the Clinic (1963), and finally creating a balance with some of his notes in The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969). The path of research analyzing each one of them is justified by the absence of a pre-determined archaeological method, but which is modeled through the analysis of each object in particular. The analysis is developed in a philosophical perspective, beginning with a presentation of the analytical principles of structuralism through linguistics (Saussure and Hjelmslev) and semiology (Barthes) for the construction of a theoretical basis. Furthermore, the analytical bases of structuralism are organized in a panorama of problems and instruments used by French thinkers of the 1968 generation, as presented by Deleuze. Investigating methodology in Foucauldian works, this thesis contributes to elucidating the theoretical fundaments of Foucault s archaeology through three components: 1 – the element, which can be understood as discourse, enuntiative, or sign-function; 2 – the system, which can be understood as history, discourse formations or archive; 3 – structural causality, which can be understood as a descriptive set of the conditions of possibility, the archaeological object. Throughout this analysis, the approach to the problem of materiality of knowledge shows that the present contribution aims to advance understanding on the incidence of non-discursive formations in the constitution of knowledges (systemic level), of the relationship between these formations and discursive formations (level of causality), and of the materiality of sign-function, enuntiative and discourse (elementary level).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vinicius Vieira Brito.pdf: 472153 bytes, checksum: a2a08b1c939d6d252302d0c7b467d0b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-13 / Dada a importância atual de se tomar o corpo como objeto de reflexão, analisaremos, nesta dissertação, o surgimento do conceito de corpo na obra do filósofo francês Michel Foucault. Mas ao contrário dos estudos sobre ele, que discutem o corpo sobretudo em Vigiar e Punir e na História da Sexualidade, delimitaremos como objeto o corpo na obra O Nascimento da Clínica, livro que faz uma história do surgimento do corpo-organismo com a emergência da medicina moderna, mais precisamente com a anatomia e fisiologia de Bichat. As dissecações feitas por este médico, no final do século XVIII, possibilitaram às ciências da vida o afastamento do legado de Descartes, que concebe o corpo como uma máquina. Ao traçar esta descontinuidade que culminou com o advento do corpo com órgãos, Foucault provoca uma cisão na história da relação da filosofia com o corpo, que era sempre pensado em referência ao corpo-alma de filosofia cartesiana.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T18:56:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eduardo graca dissertacao mestadoOKOK2.pdf: 595408 bytes, checksum: 6e6751f6eea0075617111a0afc57394b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-29T17:45:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eduardo graca dissertacao mestadoOKOK2.pdf: 595408 bytes, checksum: 6e6751f6eea0075617111a0afc57394b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T17:45:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) eduardo graca dissertacao mestadoOKOK2.pdf: 595408 bytes, checksum: 6e6751f6eea0075617111a0afc57394b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desta dissertação é a abordagem das relações entre os conceitos de mecanismos de poder e de linhas de fuga – concebidos nas obras dos filósofos Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze, respectivamente - e os romances de Emily Brontë e Virginia Woolf que intitulam nosso trabalho. Os mecanismos de poder, segundo Foucault, seriam os dispositivos políticos e filosóficos instalados na sociedade e no pensamento com o intuito de conduzir as relações de conhecimento, as disposições, e os desejos humanos à afirmação e à conservação das relações de poder vigentes. Interessados somente na manutenção das estruturas hegemônicas, os mecanismos de poder investiriam no cultivo de nossas potências tristes e servis para subjugarnos aos desígnios dominantes, dirigindo-nos, assim, ora à adequação compulsória e à reafirmação espontânea dos regimes hegemônicos, ora ao desespero, à loucura e à morte. As linhas de fuga deleuzianas constituiriam movimentos de ruptura com tais regimes dominantes, que possibilitariam novas relações com a sociedade, com a subjetividade, com a linguagem e com o pensamento; o cultivo de potências ativas e criadoras; e, afinal, a emergência de uma vida estética. Analisando os materiais narrativos de O morro dos ventos uivantes e Mrs. Dalloway observamos como tanto os jogos narrativos dos dois romances quanto os próprios enredos e personagens narrados se engajam nestas mesmas discussões a respeito do confronto entre forças conservadoras e libertárias, do cultivo de potências diminutivas e aumentativas, e da produção de corpos servis e elétricos / The aim of this dissertation is an approach of the relations between the concepts of mechanisms of power and lines of flight – conceived in the works of Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, respectively – and the novels by Emily Brontë and Virginia Woolf that entitle our work. Mechanisms of power, according to Foucault, would be the political and philosophical devices installed in our society and in our thought with the intent of driving our relations with knowledge, our disposition and our desire towards the affirmation and conservation of established relations of power. Interested only in the maintenance of hegemonic structures, mechanisms of power would invest on the cultivation of our sad and servile potencies to submit us to the dominant designs, driving us either to compulsory adequacy and to the spontaneous reassurance of hegemonic regimens, or to despair, insanity and death. The deleuzian lines of flight would consist in rupturing movements with such dominant regimens, that would enable new relations with society, subjectivity, language and with thought; the cultivation of active and creative potencies; and the eventual emergency of a aesthetic life. Analyzing the narrative materials of Wuthering Heights and Mrs. Dalloway we observe that both the narrative strategies of the novels and their plots and characters engage on these same discussions about the confrontation between conservative and libertarian forces; the cultivation of diminutive and augmentative potencies; and the production of servile and electric bodies

Inom Reggio Emilia pedagogiken ses miljön på förskolorna som en tredje pedagog och man lägger stor vikt vid hur denna ska utformas. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur detta omsätts i praktiken genom att analysera hur pedagoger på Reggio Emilia inspirerade förskolor pratar om inomhusmiljöns utformning och användning. Forskningsmetoden rundtur användes för att möjliggöra ett samtal som på ett naturligt sätt kunde fånga pedagogernas berättelser om den miljö de befinner sig i. Arbetet med resultatet utgick från en postmodern grundsyn tillsammans med Foucaults beskrivning av diskurs- och maktbegreppet. Diskursanalys användes som analysmetod och tre dominerande diskurser utlästes. Resultatet av analysen gav beskrivningar av möjligheter och begränsningar kring utformning av inomhusmiljön som pedagogerna upplever i verksamheten. Främst lyftes att det sällan förs ett aktivt samtal kring pedagogernas syfte med inomhusmiljön, med anledningar som brist på tid och brist på tydligt ledarskap. Arbetet avslutas med en diskussion kring resultatet genom ett maktbegrepp, resultatet i relation till tidigare forskning och tankar om framtida forskning.

Ce mémoire cherche à mieux comprendre le phénomène de la conversion philosophique dans l'Antiquité, plus particulièrement dans le stoïcisme impérial (Sénèque, Épictète, Marc Aurèle). Après une analyse conceptuelle de la conversion qui s'appuie sur des sources contemporaines, ce mémoire fait l'étude des interprétations de la conversion stoïcienne par Pierre Hadot et Michel Foucault. Cette étude se conclut sur le constat de problèmes importants dans ces deux interprétations. Ce mémoire poursuit avec une analyse lexicologique des termes grec (epistrophè) et latin (conversio) pouvant désigner la conversion dans le corpus stoïcien. Cette analyse se termine sur un autre constat d'échec, rejetant ces termes comme des traductions du concept de conversion. Le dernier chapitre de ce mémoire montre qu'en inscrivant le stoïcisme et Épictète en particulier dans la tradition protreptique socratique on peut mieux comprendre la conversion stoïcienne.

The successful transition to motherhood can be associated with the experience of infant feeding, and women’s views of whether that experience has been positive or negative can shape the mothering experience. However, nurses’ engagement with best practice breastfeeding promotion may elicit negative responses from women who are either unsuccessful in their attempts to breastfeed, or do not breastfeed for other reasons. Are nurses adequately prepared or supported to deal with the variety of infant feeding challenges that inevitably arise in perinatal practice settings? For example, Canadian perinatal nurses are expected to conform to WHO-conceived Baby Friendly expectations to disseminate evidence that pertains to the health risks of introducing formula to infants. However, in some circumstances, infant formula is recommended by practitioners in order to provide crucial hydration and/or nourishment, which destabilizes the discourse of risk, and creates confusion for mothers. Questions also arise about the appropriateness of nurses applying WHO guidelines to every woman without first considering intersectional realities which may not align with BF recommendations to breastfeed for six months and beyond. These questions, and others, informed the research question: “What is nurses’ experience of infant feeding support?” Eleven perinatal nurses from across Canada were interviewed. The conversations were interpreted using Gadamerian hermeneutic methodology. Participants described a variety of practices and dilemmas that they associate with infant feeding “support,” highlighting that complex and contradictory forces are at play for nurses involved in infant feeding support as well as the unintended and negative consequences of following BF best practice guidelines. / Graduate / humphriesj@camosun.bc.ca

No description available.