Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaTMR.pdf: 675691 bytes, checksum: 8421c03f2a9a714352355d7c7ea5ed53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The high blood pressure is a multifactorial chronic disease which possesses emotional and social features in the illness appearance and evolution and in the adherence to the treatment which involves a decision-making through patient so that he or she process the necessary changes on harmful living habits. Adhesion, traditionally, it is referred to the patient to answer to the doctor orientations or of other health professional, about the appearance to the appointment with a doctor, about the use of medicine or lifestyle changes and maintaining this adhesion is the main problem to be overcame. It is expected the adhesion will ever be a continual, stable and satisfactory action, disregarding the complexity of subjectivity processes which permeate the sicken. This research aimed to investigate the difficulties which the person with high blood pressure has to adhere to the treatment, from the signification processes which give sense to the actions dealing with the adhesion. The study was carried out with 48 users of assistance program to the high blood pressure patient from Hospital Universit?rio from Natal RN, between 40-65 age. The answers were submitted to a double analysis process: 1) answer systematization in categories and codes and admission in statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science), for generation of descriptive statistics; 2) Sense and signification analysis which permeated the deepener statement and interpretatively. The greater difficulties found are present on low-salt and law-calorie diets, in the dealing with everyday feeling and stress, being these factors cited as direct motive to the high blood pressure, regardless of interviewee s sex. It is observed there is not adhesion, but adhering, as an experienced everyday process. This work contributes with its results, assessing the used strategies by program with the aim of increasing the adhesion rates / A Hipertens?o Arterial ? uma doen?a cr?nica, multifatorial, possuindo caracter?sticas emocionais e sociais implicadas no aparecimento e evolu??o da doen?a e na ader?ncia ao tratamento, que envolve uma tomada de decis?o por parte do seu portador para que sejam processadas as mudan?as necess?rias nos h?bitos de vida nocivos. Ades?o, tradicionalmente, refere-se ao paciente atender ?s orienta??es do m?dico ou de outro profissional de sa?de, no comparecimento ?s consultas marcadas, no uso do medicamento ou mudan?as de estilo de vida e manter esta ades?o ? o grande problema a ser vencido. Espera-se que a ades?o seja uma a??o cont?nua, est?vel e satisfat?ria sempre, desconsiderando a complexidade dos processos de subjetiva??o que permeiam o adoecer. A pesquisa objetivou investigar as dificuldades que a pessoa portadora de hipertens?o tem de aderir ao tratamento, a partir dos processos de significa??o que d?o sentido ?s a??es lidando com a ades?o. O estudo foi realizado com 48 usu?rios do programa de assist?ncia ao hipertenso do Hospital Universit?rio de Natal/RN, com idade entre 40 e 65 anos. As respostas foram submetidas a um duplo processo de an?lise: 1) sistematiza??o das respostas em categorias e c?digos e ingresso no programa estat?stico SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science), para gera??o de estat?sticas descritivas; 2) an?lise dos sentidos e significados que permearam os depoimentos de forma mais aprofundada e interpretativa. As maiores dificuldades encontradas est?o presentes na dieta hiposs?dica e hipocal?rica, no lidar com sentimentos e stress da vida di?ria, sendo esses fatores citados como motivo direto para o aumento da press?o arterial, independentemente do sexo dos entrevistados. Observou-se que n?o existe ADES?O e sim ADERINDO, como um processo vivenciado diariamente. Este trabalho contribui, com os seus resultados, para avaliar as estrat?gias utilizadas pelo programa, visando um aumento dos ?ndices de ades?o

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças crônicas decorrentes do envelhecimento e o estilo de vida não saudável são os grandes fatores responsáveis pela alta morbi-mortalidade e pela grande sobrecarga no sistema de saúde. OBJETIVO: Este estudo analisa a prevalência de hipertensão e diabetes na população de 60 anos ou mais no município de São Paulo - capital e a utilização dos serviços de saúde segundo as variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas, condições de saúde e estilo de vida. MÉTODOS: Inquérito domiciliar de saúde do tipo transversal que analisou os dados de 872 idosos residentes no município de São Paulo (ISA- Capital) por meio de um questionário dividido em blocos temáticos aplicado em uma amostra por conglomerados e estratificada segundo a escolaridade do chefe de família e nível socioeconômico. Análises bivariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas e geraram três modelos de regressão múltipla de Poisson para verificar a existência de fatores associados à hipertensão, diabetes e à utilização dos serviços. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hipertensão referida entre os idosos foi de 46,9% e de diabetes 17,9%, valores superiores ao encontrado na população adulta. As maiores taxas de hipertensão foram encontradas entre os idosos que referiram auto-avaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim e boa, entre os idosos que nunca beberam ou não bebem mais, entre as mulheres e entre os que se hospitalizaram pelo menos uma vez no último ano, independente da idade. Para diabetes, o mesmo resultado foi encontrado para autoavaliação de saúde, entre os viúvos e entre os idosos que se hospitalizaram pelo menos uma vez no último ano. Quanto ao uso do serviço de saúde pelos idosos em geral, a prevalência de utilização foi aproximadamente 30,6% independente de morbidade. Entre os hipertensos, 59.4% procuraram os serviços e 97,1% deles foi atendido no serviço. Entre os diabéticos 53,4% e 96,1% respectivamente sem diferença na procura ou no uso dos serviços entre os que tinham e não tinham hipertensão e diabetes. Em relação às medidas e práticas de controle sobre a HAS e DM, a medida de controle mais conhecida e praticada entre os hipertensos é tomar a medicação de rotina para controle da doença e entre os diabéticos a mais conhecida é a dieta alimentar e praticada é tomar medicação oral de rotina com distinção do nível socioeconômico para algumas medidas. CONCLUSAO: A falta de informação, conhecimento e utilização de medidas de controle destas doenças ainda são insuficientes entre os idosos. Fazem-se necessárias políticas de saúde com foco na capacitação de profissionais e na orientação familiar; enfim, políticas que incentivem não só mudanças no estilo de vida dos idosos, mas que os tornem sujeitos ativos desta mudança, atuantes neste processo. / INTRODUCTION: Chronic diseases due to the ageing process and to the unhealthy lifestyle are the greatest factors responsible for the high morbimortality and for the health system overload. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes of a population over 60 years old from São Paulo city, and the use of health services according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, health status, and lifestyle. METHODS: A cross-sectional household health survey analyzed data from 872 elderly resident in São Paulo city using a questionnaire divided into thematic blocks applied in a stratified cluster sample according to the educational level of the head of the family and socioeconomic level. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out and generated three models of Poisson regression model in order to verify the existence of factors associated to hypertension, to diabetes and to the use of health services. RESULTS: The prevalence of reported hypertension among the elderly was 46.9% and of Diabetes, 17.9%. Such values were above the ones found in the adult population. The highest hypertension rates were found among the elderly who reported bad/verybad health status, among those who never drank or those who stopped drinking, among women, and among those who were hospitalized at least twelve months prior to the interview, independently of the age. Concerning diabetes, the same result was found for the self-assessment of health, among widows and widowers, and among the elderly who were hospitalized at least once in the past year. Concerning the use of health services by the elderly, the prevalence of use was approximately 30.6% independently of the morbidity. Among the elderly with hypertension, 70.1% searched for the service because of the hypertension, 59.4% of them did it because of reported morbidity, and 97.1% of them were assisted by the service they searched. Among the diabetic, 69.9% routinely searched for the service because of the diabetes, 53.4% of them did it because of reported morbidity and 96.1% were assisted by the service they searched, with no difference regarding the search and use of services between those with and without hypertension and diabetes. Concerning the measures and control practice of HAS and DM, the most known and practiced control measure among the elderly with hypertension is taking routine medicine for the control of the disease; and among the diabetic, the most known practice is diet and the most practiced measure is taking routine oral medicine, with a difference of socioeconomic level for some measures. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of information, knowledge and use of control measures of these diseases among the elderly. Health policies focusing on professional training and family guiding are necessary in order to encourage not only changes in the lifestyle of the elderly, but also to make them active agents of this change, acting in this process.

EINLEITUNG: Die „Hypertension and Diabetes Risk Screening and Awareness (HYDRA-)-Studie“ beschrieb und quantifizierte erstmals umfassend und bundesweit in einer Reihe von Publikationen1- 10 (siehe auch www.hydra-studie.de) die hausärztliche Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie und Diabetes mellitus. Mit Hilfe dieser Studie konnten neue Erkenntnisse zur Häufigkeit und Schwere, zu häufigen Begleit- oder Folgeerkrankungen, sowie zur Therapie dieser beiden Erkrankungen gewonnen werden. Insgesamt wurden im September 2001 in einer bundesrepräsentativen Stichprobe von 1.912 zufällig ausgewählten primärärztlichen Praxen (auf der Grundlage des IMS-Registers, Instituts für Medizinische Statistik, Frankfurt) eine Stichtagsbefragung von 45125 nicht-selektierter, konsekutiver Patienten ab dem 16. Lebensjahr durchgeführt (60,0 Prozent Frauen; Altersgruppen: 12,7 Prozent 16 bis 29 Jahre, 21,9 Prozent 30 bis 44 Jahre, 23,2 Prozent: 45 bis 59 Jahre, 42,2 Prozent: = 60 Jahre) und ihre Erkrankungen und Interventionen dokumentiert. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen die Ergebnisse für Sachsen gesondert berichtet und den bundesdeutschen Ergebnissen gegenübergestellt werden. In Sachsen nahmen an der HYDRA-Studie n=126 Ärzte teil, die an zwei aufeinander folgenden Studientagen insgesamt 2.407 Patienten dokumentierten. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Rahmen eines klinischepidemiologischen Stufendesigns: (i) Zunächst wurden die teilnehmenden Ärzte in einer Voruntersuchung hinsichtlich ihrer Ausbildungsund Praxismerkmale, ihren Erfahrungen und Problemen mit Hypertonikern und Diabetikern sowie ihren Einstellungen zu diesen Patientengruppen befragt. (ii) Am Erhebungstag wurden alle Patienten, die die teilnehmenden Praxen aufsuchten, ausführlich zu ihren Beschwerden, Krankheiten sowie zu ihrem Gesundheitsverhalten befragt (Patientenfragebogen). (iii) Die Ärzte dokumentierten dann für jeden Patienten die von ihnen vergebenen klinischen Diagnosen sowie die Therapie (Arztbogen); zudem wurden ausgewählte Messwerte am Studientag erfasst (Blutdruck, Mikroalbuminurie mit Micral-Teststreifen) und weitere Laborwerte aus der Akte entnommen. Für die ärztlichen Diagnosen wurden keine Vorgaben (zum Beispiel Nennung von Grenzwerten) gemacht. Die Methodik der Studie und wesentliche Ergebnisse wurden in einer Reihe von Originalarbeiten detailliert beschrieben.5

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti kraujospūdžio kitimo ir su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės sąsajas tarp vyrų ir moterų, kuriems nustatytas padidėjęs kraujospūdis, dalyvavimo profilaktinėse kraujospūdžio reguliavimo grupėse laikotarpiu. Naudota metodika: Gyvenimo kokybės – 100 klausimynas (WHOQOL-100). Profilaktinėse grupėse dalyvavo 110 terapinės apylinkės pacientų. Visus keturis užsiėmimus lankė atitinkamai 80 pacientų. Pacientai buvo prašomi užpildyti GK-100 klausimyną, siekiant nustatyti kraujospūdžio kitimus užsiėmimų metu ir sąsajas su pacientų gyvenimo kokybės ypatumais. Tiriamieji dalyvavo keturiuose vienos valandos užsiėmimuose, kurie vyko kartą per savaitę vakare. Visoms keturioms pacientų grupėms vedami tie patys užsiėmimai taikant modifikuotą progresyvios raumenų relaksacijos metodą, diskusiją gyvenimo būdo keitimo klausimais ir abiejų šių metodų (raumenų relaksacijos ir diskusijos) derinį. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog moterų ir vyrų grupėse statistiškai reikšmingas kraujo spaudimo sumažėjimas stebimas užsiėmimo pabaigoje. Aukštesni statistiškai reikšmingi arterinio kraujo spaudimo rodikliai susiję su vyresnio amžiaus ir žemesnio išsilavinimo rodikliais vyrų ir moterų grupėse. Aukšti statistiškai reikšmingi arterinio kraujo spaudimo rodikliai susiję su blogesne gyvenimo kokybe, o mažesni - su geresne gyvenimo kokybe. / Purpose of the survey is to assess the relations between blood pressure changes and health-related quality of life in men and women with high blood pressure during the period of blood pressure regulation in preventive groups. Methodology used: The Quality of Life - 100 Questionnaire (WHOQOL-100). Preventive groups involved 110 patients in the therapeutic environs. 80 patients attended all four workshops. Patients were asked to fill in WHOQOL-100 questionnaire to determine the associations with health – related quality of life and blood pressure variations in workshops. Patients participated in four one-hour classes, held once a week in the evening. All four groups of patients were involved in workshops using the modified progressive muscle relaxation method, the discussion on the changing of lifestyle and the combination of both of these methods (progressive muscle relaxation and discussion). The study showed that statistically significant decreased blood pressure was observed in men and women groups at the end of each workshop. Higher statistically significant arterial blood pressure was related to the older age and lower level of education in men and women groups. Higher statistically significant arterial blood pressure was related to poorer health – related quality of life, as lower arterial blood pressure was associated with better health – related quality of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2696197 bytes, checksum: 860a4dd12cc372142fd6ab2bffcae00a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Systemic High Blood Pressure (SHBP) is considered to be one of the today s most prevalent health issues. Arterial Hypertension is estimated to affect approximately 22% of the Brazilian population over twenty years old, and it accounts for 80% of the stroke cases, 60% of the acute myocardial infarction cases and 40% of early retirements. Furthermore, it implies in a cost of R$ 475 million intended to pay 1.1 million hospitalizations a year. Therefore, a hypertensive user s follow up is of fundamental importance to guarantee treatment success. The low adherence (lack of following up) interferes negatively in the treatment outcomes of chronic diseases, thus increasing costs and representing a significant public health problem in Brazil. In such a context, this study aimed to compare systemic blood pressure levels for the period 2006-2009 from hypertensive users registered in HIPERDIA system (2006/2007) according to their follow up status, as well as to verify risk factors associated with blood pressure levels at Family Health Units in Joao Pessoa, PB. This is an observational, retrospective cohort study. The sample represented the population of hypertensives registered in the family health units and consisted of 343 users. Data were gathered between November 1st 2009 and may 31st 2011 through a questionnaire. From that sample, only 333 hypertensive users were studied (because of information losses) and divided according to their follow up status in the unit (totally monitored, totally not monitored, monitored in 2008/not monitored in 2009 and not monitored in 2008/monitored in 2009). Individual Pressure information was collected in the following moments: registration (2006 /2007), medical chart (2008) and interview (2009). Were also observed aspects concerning to sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors. It was verified that pressure averages observed in users classified as totally monitored and in users classified as monitored 2008/not monitored 2009 were lower than those for the totally not monitored group in the chart and interview moments. But, when pressure levels behavior of these groups (2006-2009) was observed, results have shown significant difference only for the totally not monitored group, however, the levels were found to be increasing throughout the time. Analysis through multiple logistic regression between pressure reduction and the variables allowed generating models to verify the characteristics which contributed to the reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the totally monitored and totally not monitored groups. The results of this study permitted assessing the quality of information found both in the HIPERDIA system and in the medical chart of hypertensive users who went to the units in order to have their health conditions taken care. Some questions were raised to aware health managers regarding decision-making on improvements in the quality of assistance provided to users of such sort of service. / A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) constitui um dos problemas de saúde de maior prevalência na atualidade. Estima-se que a hipertensão arterial atinja aproximadamente 22% da população brasileira acima de vinte anos, sendo responsável por 80% dos casos de acidente cerebrovascular, 60% dos casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio e 40% das aposentadorias precoces, além de significar um custo de 475 milhões de reais gastos com 1,1 milhões de internações por ano. Assim, o acompanhamento do paciente hipertenso é de fundamental importância para o sucesso do tratamento. A baixa adesão (não acompanhamento) interfere negativamente nos resultados dos tratamentos de doenças crônicas, com consequente aumento dos custos, e representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os níveis da pressão arterial sistêmica durante o período de 2006 a 2009 entre hipertensos cadastrados no sistema HIPERDIA (2006/2007) separados a partir da situação de acompanhamento, como também verificar os fatores de risco associados aos níveis de pressão em Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa - PB. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, do tipo coorte retrospectiva, com uma amostra representativa para a população de hipertensos cadastrados nas unidades de Saúde da Família de 343 pacientes, coletados durante o período de 01 de novembro de 2009 a 31 de maio de 2010, utilizando-se questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Desta amostra somente 333 hipertensos foram estudados, por questão das perdas de informações, e divididos segundo a condição de acompanhamento na unidade (totalmente acompanhado, totalmente não acompanhado, acompanhado 2008/não acompanhado 2009 e não acompanhado 2008/acompanhado 2009). Foram coletados informações pressóricas desses indivíduos nos momentos do cadastro (2006/2007), prontuário (2008) e entrevista (2009), como também, observados as informações a respeito das características sociodemográficas e fatores de risco. Como resultado mais relevante percebeu-se que as médias pressóricas observadas em pacientes classificados como totalmente acompanhados e em pacientes classificados como acompanhados 2008/ não acompanhados 2009 foram menores do que as do grupo totalmente não acompanhado nos momentos prontuário e entrevista. Mas quando observado comportamento dos níveis pressóricos desses grupos durante o tempo 2006 a 2009, os resultados mostraram que somente para o grupo totalmente não acompanhados encontrou diferença significativa, porém, mostrando aumento dos níveis com o tempo. A analise por meio da regressão logística múltipla, entre a redução da pressão com as variáveis, permitiu gerar modelos para verificar as características que contribuem para a redução da pressão sistólica e diastólica para os grupos totalmente acompanhado e totalmente não acompanhado. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram avaliar a qualidade das informações encontradas tanto no Sistema HIPERDIA, como também nas informações geradas no prontuário dos pacientes hipertensos que se dirigiram à unidade com o intuito de cuidar das suas condições de saúde. Alguns questionamentos foram levantadas para conscientizar os gestores em saúde para uma tomada de decisão no tocante à melhoria na qualidade do atendimento aos usuários deste tipo de serviço.

p. 1-39 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-11T19:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Cezario.pdf: 219255 bytes, checksum: a5d88732536bcd954f2ff2a18e1387cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-04-11T19:19:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Cezario.pdf: 219255 bytes, checksum: a5d88732536bcd954f2ff2a18e1387cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-11T19:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Cezario.pdf: 219255 bytes, checksum: a5d88732536bcd954f2ff2a18e1387cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / As doenças cardiovasculares são as mais prevalentes na população adulta brasileira e, como tal, devem contribuir com peso importante nas causas de concessão de benefícios por incapacidade. OBJETIVO: analisar e discutir a participação da hipertensão arterial e doenças cardiovasculares como causas de concessão de aposentadorias por invalidez. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, com bases em dados secundários dos registros de aposentadoria por invalidez do Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social. Tem como categorias de análises o Brasil e suas regiões e o período de estudo foi de 1998 a 2005. Foram calculadas prevalências em relação ao número de contribuintes e apresentadas as séries temporais. RESULTADOS: As doenças cardiovasculares são as principais causas de aposentadoria por invalidez (27,2%) em todos os anos de estudo e as concessões vem aumentado desde 2001 em todas as regiões. CONCLUSÕES: os resultados colocam as doenças cardiovasculares e especificamente, a hipertensão arterial como principal problema de saúde também para o sistema deseguro social e aumentam o conjunto de argumentos para sua prevenção. / Salvador

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 25% of the annual deaths in the United States and represents a major public health burden, as patients often require screening and lifestyle changes related to multiple risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if there was a statistically significant association between high blood pressure and high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcomes (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack). The theoretical framework that guided this study was the health belief model. Data from adults over the age of 18 from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset were used for this study. Logistic regression was used to analyze data. Results showed no statistically significant association between high blood pressure awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcome (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack) based on race, age, level of education, and acculturation. There was also no statistically significant association between high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcome (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack) based on race, age, level of education, and acculturation. This study may contribute to positive social change through an increase in individuals' level of awareness of their medical condition, which could lead to a reduction in the burden of cardiovascular disease.

EINLEITUNG: Die „Hypertension and Diabetes Risk Screening and Awareness (HYDRA-)-Studie“ beschrieb und quantifizierte erstmals umfassend und bundesweit in einer Reihe von Publikationen1- 10 (siehe auch www.hydra-studie.de) die hausärztliche Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie und Diabetes mellitus. Mit Hilfe dieser Studie konnten neue Erkenntnisse zur Häufigkeit und Schwere, zu häufigen Begleit- oder Folgeerkrankungen, sowie zur Therapie dieser beiden Erkrankungen gewonnen werden. Insgesamt wurden im September 2001 in einer bundesrepräsentativen Stichprobe von 1.912 zufällig ausgewählten primärärztlichen Praxen (auf der Grundlage des IMS-Registers, Instituts für Medizinische Statistik, Frankfurt) eine Stichtagsbefragung von 45125 nicht-selektierter, konsekutiver Patienten ab dem 16. Lebensjahr durchgeführt (60,0 Prozent Frauen; Altersgruppen: 12,7 Prozent 16 bis 29 Jahre, 21,9 Prozent 30 bis 44 Jahre, 23,2 Prozent: 45 bis 59 Jahre, 42,2 Prozent: = 60 Jahre) und ihre Erkrankungen und Interventionen dokumentiert. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen die Ergebnisse für Sachsen gesondert berichtet und den bundesdeutschen Ergebnissen gegenübergestellt werden. In Sachsen nahmen an der HYDRA-Studie n=126 Ärzte teil, die an zwei aufeinander folgenden Studientagen insgesamt 2.407 Patienten dokumentierten. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Rahmen eines klinischepidemiologischen Stufendesigns: (i) Zunächst wurden die teilnehmenden Ärzte in einer Voruntersuchung hinsichtlich ihrer Ausbildungsund Praxismerkmale, ihren Erfahrungen und Problemen mit Hypertonikern und Diabetikern sowie ihren Einstellungen zu diesen Patientengruppen befragt. (ii) Am Erhebungstag wurden alle Patienten, die die teilnehmenden Praxen aufsuchten, ausführlich zu ihren Beschwerden, Krankheiten sowie zu ihrem Gesundheitsverhalten befragt (Patientenfragebogen). (iii) Die Ärzte dokumentierten dann für jeden Patienten die von ihnen vergebenen klinischen Diagnosen sowie die Therapie (Arztbogen); zudem wurden ausgewählte Messwerte am Studientag erfasst (Blutdruck, Mikroalbuminurie mit Micral-Teststreifen) und weitere Laborwerte aus der Akte entnommen. Für die ärztlichen Diagnosen wurden keine Vorgaben (zum Beispiel Nennung von Grenzwerten) gemacht. Die Methodik der Studie und wesentliche Ergebnisse wurden in einer Reihe von Originalarbeiten detailliert beschrieben.5

The following is a study to determine if sufficient demand exists to start a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degree program in dental hygiene through a joint agreement for completion degrees between Valencia Community College and the University of Central Florida. To accomplish this objective two survey instruments were administered to randomly selected licensed dentists and dental hygienists in the state of Florida. Dental hygienists represented the potential student base for the proposed programs, and dentists represented the potential and prospective employers of graduated students of the proposed programs. To determine demand and demand characteristics, one survey instrument was mailed to 1,000 dental hygienists who were randomly selected using SAS software from a population of N=12,066 dental hygienists actively licensed to practice in the state of Florida. This sample of hygienists was approximately 8.3% of the total population. Of the 1,000 samples, 134 (or 13.4%) were returned. Of the 134 surveys returned, 123 (n=123) were included in this study. Eleven surveys were not included because of a majority of missing data or because the respondent indicated he or she already possessed a Bachelor or Master degree. A Likert-scale questionnaire was sent to each group of actively licensed dentists and actively licensed dental hygienists from the state of Florida. Responses from dental hygienists were overwhelmingly positive towards the addition of the Bachelor of Science degree program with an online distance-learning component. Those in favor of the Bachelor of Science degree program also provided a favorable response towards adding a Master of Science degree program in dental hygiene. The dentists, as potential future employers, also showed strong support in their responses for the additional degree programs with an additional management track component and believed it would elevate the professional standards of the dental hygiene field.

Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, renal malfunction, disability, and premature death. One of the public health recommendations for the management of hypertension is the reduction of sodium/salt intake. There is need to develop and implement new evidence-based theoretical interventions to initiate and sustain behavior change in health education and promotion. Therefore, the quantitative cross-sectional method and design was used to investigate the adequacy of multi-theory model (MTM) constructs for the initiation and the sustenance of low sodium/salt intake behavior in hypertensive Nigerian adults. In addition, the impact of the MTM (initiation) constructs on actual salt/sodium intake was evaluated to validate self-reported behavior. A convenience sample of 149 consenting Nigerian adults with hypertension and of ages 20 to 60 years, self -administered the valid and reliable 39-item MTM instrument. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed construct validity of subscales for the initiation and sustenance model. All items loading for the two models were significant, p < 0.001. Multivariate regression analysis revealed 40.6% of the variance in initiating the consumption of low salt diets explained by advantages outweighing disadvantages, behavioral confidence, and changes in physical environment. About 41.8 % of the variance to sustain the intake of low salt diet was explained by emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in social environment. The results justified the predictive role of MTM and adequacy of its utility to build evidence-based health education programs and interventions to address the health need of people with hypertension and contribute to social change in the country.