Cette thèse interroge les pratiques de mémoire hétérogènes qui ont émergé à propos de l’équipe de hockey du Canadien de Montréal dans le cadre du centenaire de l’équipe en 2009. Elle a le double objectif 1) d’apporter un éclairage théorique communicationnel sur l’objet « mémoire » et 2) de développer une analyse contextuelle des pratiques de mémoire et des enjeux qu’elles rendent effectifs. Mon travail s’inscrit dans le champ des memory studies, et particulièrement dans le tournant médiatique actuel, ainsi que dans celui des cultural studies. Au cours du chapitre consacré à la problématisation, je développe une approche communicationnelle de la mémoire en interrogeant la matérialité des pratiques de mémoire ainsi que leur relation co‐constitutive avec les médias de mémoire, réalisées dans le cadre du centenaire. Dans les deux chapitres analytiques, je procède à une analyse d’archives hétérogènes (articles de journaux, captures de sites internet, notes d’observation, interviews, émissions spéciales, publireportages etc.) issues de registres de mémoire différents. Le deuxième chapitre questionne les pratiques de mémoire à propos de l’ancien joueur du Canadien Léo Gravelle, telle la numérisation d’archives et la constitution de la « boîte à chaussures », la « biographisation », la conservation et la fétichisation, ainsi que leurs façons spécifiques de rendre présent des passés. Ce chapitre met en évidence comment des rapports familiaux, des enjeux liés au vieillissement et des formes de camaraderie sont réarticulés par ces pratiques. Le troisième chapitre investigue les pratiques de mémoire développées par l’organisation du Canadien de Montréal, telle la commémoration et la patrimonialisation de l’équipe ainsi que du hockey, et leur manière particulière de réarticuler la relation du sport professionnel à la ville ainsi que des enjeux liés à la philanthropie et au consumer activism. Le quatrième chapitre propose une discussion sur les faire mémoire, comme moyen d’ « espacer », de s’engager « en public » et comme projet qui mobilise et organise. Cette thèse conclue finalement sur ce qui constitue la singularité de ce centenaire. / This dissertation explores the heterogeneous practices of memory that emerged during the centennial anniversary of the hockey team Canadien de Montréal in 2009. The dissertation’s goals are twofold: 1) bring a theoretical and a communicational light on the object ‘memory’; 2) produce a contextual analysis of these memory practices and of the issues they render effectives. My dissertation is situated in the fields of memory studies (especially in its current media turn) and cultural studies. In the first chapter dedicated to the ‘problematization’ of the centennial, I explore this event by a communicational approach of memory. This approach aims to interrogate the materiality of the practices of memory and their co‐constitutive relation with media of memory. In the two following analytical chapters, I proceed by analyzing a heterogeneous archive (newspaper articles, websites excerpts, observation notes, interviews, tv shows, etc.) from different registers of memory.The second chapter focuses on the practices of memory regarding the former hockey player Léo Gravelle. I analyze how practices –such as archive digitalization, constitution of a ‘shoebox’,‘biographization’, conservation and ‘fetichization’ –render present some pasts in specific manners. This chapter highlights how familial relations, aging issues and particular forms of friendships are rearticulated through these practices of memory. The third chapter analyses the practices of memory developed by the organization of the Canadien de Montréal. I explore the commemoration and the patrimonialisation of the team. I also focus on the particular ways in which these practices of memory rearticulate the relationships between a professional sport team and the city of Montreal and how they put forward new issues such as philanthropy and consumer activism. The fourth chapter discusses about the implications of ‘doing memory’, which I conceive as a means to ‘space’, as a manner of being involved as well as a project that mobilizes and organizes. I conclude the dissertation by outlining the singular elements which constitute this centennial anniversary.

Syftet med studien är att kartlägga hur klubblag med försäljning av merchandise går tillväga för att överleva på en ständigt utvecklande och konkurrerande marknad. Metoden är av kvalitativ abduktiv forskningsansats där djupintervjuer med svenska klubblag ligger till grund för empirin. Urvalet utgörs av sju respondenter som arbetar med merchandise, marknad, försäljning samt en klubbdirektör. Sammanfattningsvis anser studiens respondenter att merchandise är en viktig finansiell intäkt som används för att stärka banden till fans och sponsorer. Merchandise bidrar utifrån analysen även till att klubblagen lättare kan nå ut i samhället med sitt varumärke genom att tillämpa sportmanagement i hela organisationen. Utifrån analysen och teorierna är slutsatsen att merchandise utgör stor vikt för klubblag i arbetet kring att bibehålla en stark relation mellan evenemang, fans och sponsorer. Utifrån dessa faktorer har ytterligare faktorer identifierats för att mynna ut i en ny modell för att förstå hur svenska klubblag går tillväga för att överleva på en konkurrerande marknad. De ytterligare framtagna faktorerna är Merchandise, Klubben och Marknadsföring av klubblags varumärken, som tillsammans med evenemang, fans och sponsorer bildar “The Pentagon Modell for Sportteams”. / A qualitative abductive research approach where depth interviews with Swedish sport teams that form the basis of the empirical data. The selection consists of seven respondents who work with merchandise, marketing, sales and a club director. The purpose of the study is to identify how sport teams with the sale of merchandise proceed in order to survive in a constantly evolving and competitive market. From the basis of the analysis the respondents consider that merchandise is an important financial income but that it also is use to strengthen the ties to their fans an well as sponsors. Based on the analysis merchandise also contribute to the sport teams brand in the community by applying sport management throughout the organization. Based on the analysis and the presented theories the underlying conclusion is that merchandise is of great importance for sport teams work with maintaining a strong relationship between the events, fans and sponsors. Based on these factors, additional elements where found that resulted in a new model in order to understand how sport teams in Sweden proceed in order to survive on a competitive market. The additional factors are merchandise, the club and Marketing of the sport teams brand, along with the events, fans and sponsors form the model: "The Pentagon Model for Sport teams".

Title: The impact of a three-month training on motor functions in preschool hockey players Objectives: The goal of this diploma thesis is to summarize the knowledge about motor functions in preschool children. Also to find suitable test methods which should help to evaluate the motor level of children this age who are attending the preparation course in the hockey club Sparta Praha and also evaluate the influence of a three month hockey training on postural maturity and development of motor skills on the regular surface and on the ice. Methods: The pre-experiment was conducted in hockey preparation course HC Sparta Praha in preschool children during their training. It was carried out using 5 tests evaluating postural maturity, which were evaluated by two physiotherapists and 4 tests evaluating the level of motor skills on the regular surface and on the ice, which was measured on time. Tests were performed twice, with a three-month interval. Results: After three months of training, there was no substantial improvement in postural maturity assessment tests, although the consensus of the two physiotherapists in the assessment of the postural tests maturity was relatively high, for both measurements. The top rated test was tandem walk over the line. In this test, there was also the most improvement...

This thesis deals with medial presentation of two most watched sporting events in the Czech Republic the football Synot league and hockey Tipsport league, on channel ČT Sport. The first chapter introduces the history and play system the top two competitions. The second chapter lists the most important corruption scandals since 1993 in the Czech football and hockey, and discuss also the issue of hooliganism. The third chapter presents the history of the channel ČT Sport, all programs dealing with hockey and football competitions, the most important journalistic tools and TV professions involved in these programs. The fourth chapter presents the first part of the analysis of the two selected TV programs. The fifth chapter presents the analysis of communication and semiotic aspects of the programs Bully and Studio. The sixth chapter contains the author's own survey, which focuses on the perception of programs Bully and Studio from the perspective of the grand public. The aim of this thesis is to determine which of the competitions is presented in a better way, both from a professional point of view and in terms of the perception of spectators.

Title: Marketing research of PSG Zlín fans' satisfaction Objectives: The aim of the diploma thesis is to find PSG Zlín fans' satisfaction and propose actions that would lead to an increase fans' satisfaction in following seasons. Methods: To determine the satisfaction of the fans of the PSG Zlin hockey club it has been used the method of a quantitative research with the help of an electronic questionnaire. This electronic questionnaire based on a large sample of fans enables to uncover sufficient data and analyses fans' satisfaction by various aspects. Results: The analysis and interpretation of data gained from marketing research have found that fans are very satisfied with many aspects. The most important thing for fans is the atmosphere in the stadium and the sport performance. The least interesting aspect was the supporting program, whom the fans are not completely satisfied. Overall, the greatest range for improvement was found in the allocation of a place for families and the improving of service during home matches. Regarding social networks, websites and merchandising exists mostly good satisfaction about the value of 2 (1 - very satisfied, 5 - very dissatisfied). Generally, fans would welcome more information, coverages and interviews behind the scenes of the club. Keywords: sports...

Genom en maktanalys undersöks i den här uppsatsen hur ishockeyspelarnas idrottsliga kvalitet kontra deras socioekonomiska förutsättningar framställs i Fredrik Backmans roman Björnstad. Utifrån Michel Foucaults teori om det dynamiska styrkeförhållandet görs en analys av hur maktförhållandena utspelar sig mellan spelare med olika idrottslig kvalitet och socioekonomisk bakgrund. Analysen inleds med en genomgång av den våldtäkt som utspelar sig i berättelsen och fortsätter sedan med en diskussion om vilka olika medel som används i texten för att framställa spelarnas kvalitet och socioekonomiska bakgrunder. Genom att sedan analysera olika avsnitt i berättelsen diskuteras hur de dynamiska maktförhållandena utspelar sig mellan utvalda spelare och andra karaktärer kopplade till ishockeyklubben. I samband med maktförhållandena diskuteras även härskartekniker som utspelar sig mellan karaktärerna. / Through a power analysis, this paper examines how the athletic quality of the ice hockey players versus their socio-economic conditions is made in Fredrik Backman's novel Björnstad. Based on Michel Foucault's theory of dynamic strength, an analysis is made of how power relationships occur between players of different sports quality and socioeconomic background. The analysis begins with a analysis of the rape in the story and then proceeds with a discussion about the different means used in the text to produce the players' quality and socioeconomic backgrounds. By then analyzing different sections of the story, I discuss how the dynamic power relationships occur between selected players and other characters associated with the ice hockey club. In the context of power relations, master suppression techniques are discussed that the characters use.

This thesis concerns the development of Swedish ice hockey as a national phenomenon during the period 1920–1972. The dissertation explores how the sport of ice hockey in just over half a century was transformed from a rather insignificant North American cultural import to one of Sweden’s most treasured pursuits by and large, and harbouring a national team (known as “Tre Kronor”) that at the height of its popularity in 1970 gathered almost the whole nation (82 percent of the adult population) in front of TV-sets during national game broadcasts. The analytical approach of the study is grounded in the theoretical assumption that “to be Swedish” is something you “learn” on a daily basis, and that an investigation of how “the nation” is constructed as an imagined community must see to the interplay between national rhetoric on the one hand and national practice on the other. This means that the analysis moves on two different levels, where the first is comprised of the sporting practice in itself (teams, games, players etc.), while the other deals with the conception of ice hockey in relation to national identity. The empirical investigation shows that the introduction of ice hockey in Sweden was “launched from above” under the influence of unbridled nationalistic sentiment in Sweden at large at the turn of the 20th century. The study also shows that during the inter-war era the Swedish Ice Hockey Federation promoted the spread of ice hockey in Sweden by stressing the game’s benefits as a more practical sport than the similar and already established winter sport, bandy. It is also argued that in most cases it was not so much a genuine passion for the game itself, but instead prosaic factors (economical considerations, sporting success and maintenance of ice surface etc.) that made sporting clubs take up ice hockey. After World War II the public interest in ice hockey exploded in Sweden. In the cold war era, Tre Kronor came to function as a thermometer of how the so called Swedish model stood up in comparison to the superpowers of the world. The analysis also underlines the importance of the comprehensive organizational and moral rearmament of Swedish ice hockey at large conducted by the Swedish Ice Hockey Federation in the post-war era, since it helped its cultural incorporation in the Swedish welfare state and its connection to Swedish national identity

In December 22, 2010, the hockey clubs AIK and Djurgården played against each other in front of an audience of more than 11 000 people in Ericsson Globe Arena, Stockholm. Although it was one of the biggest games of the year, afterwards no one was talking about the actual game on the ice. The reason; several times during the game, hooligans from both sides started big quarrels and the hockey dome felt more like a war scene than a place for a hockey game. From a branding point of view, and along with similar incidents from the past, the night in December did not create a good situation for AIK and their image.   Therefore, in this essay I want to investigate how AIK communicated through the crisis. I also want to evaluate whether their communication was good or bad from the perspective of different crisis communication theories. The essay’s research questions are: How did media describe the crisis and AIK´s part in it? What effect did AIK´s previous history of similar problem have on the ongoing crisis? How did AIK communicate through the crisis? How was AIK´s image affected by the crisis? What did AIK do well/what could AIK have done better? To be able to answer these questions, several news articles from the sports paper “Hockeyexpressen” has been analyzed as well as a text from AIK itself. The answers from the analysis has then been weighed against Hearit´s and Benoit´s theories on apologia as well as Coombs theory on the impact from previous crisis. An important conclusion is that AIK protects its image during the crisis by using the strategy “shifting the blame”. AIK also redefines the picture of a true supporter by questioning the acts of some of their so called “fans”. AIK´s redefinition also serve to correct the news papers misleading use of different epithets on the same category of people. However, although their image stays more or less intact AIK fail to communicate the need of a broader responsibility from the society when it comes to the problems caused by sports related hooliganism.

För att kunna prestera bra under fysiskt krävande ishockeymatcher krävs det att spelarna harhög maximal benstyrka och en hög explosiv förmåga. Bilaterala knäböj är en erkänd och välspridd övning för att förbättra power och muskelstyrka i benen. Unilaterala knäböj är än mersportspecifika för ishockeyn. Vid en isokinetisk rörelse är hastigheten förutbestämd ochdärmed konstant medan kraften kan förändras under rörelsen. De flesta isokinetiska systemhar varit designade för unilaterala isolerade övningar, men gällande isokinetiskaflerledsövningar så som knäböj tycks det inte finnas någon forskning om i nuläget.Studiens syfte var att undersöka effekten av sex veckors unilateral styrketräning (knäböj),antingen genom traditionell eller genom isokinetisk träning, på power i unilaterala ochbilaterala jump squats och 17.3 m sprinttid på is hos manliga juniorishockeyspelare.20 manliga ishockeyspelare på elitnivå, 18-19 år gamla, delades slumpmässigt in i två olikaträningsgrupper. Den ena gruppen (QG) utförde isokinetiska unilaterala knäböj i 1080Quantum med 110o vinkel i knäleden, medan den andra gruppen (SG) utförde traditionellaunilaterala knäböj i Smithmaskin med 110o vinkel i knäleden. Träningsperioden varade undersex veckor. Båda grupperna genomförde för- och eftertester bestående av sprinttest på is ochpeak power för unilaterala och bilaterala jump squats.QG visar en signifikant förbättring i peak power utfört på två ben (p=0,004). SG visar ensignifikant förbättring i unilaterala knäböj utfört på höger ben (p=0,018). QG hade en tendenstill signifikant förbättring i issprint (p=0,059).Isokinetiska unilaterala knäböj i Smithmaskin med en koncentrisk hastighet på 0,2meter/sekund och en excentrisk hastighet på maximalt 4,0 meter/sekund och en maximalkraftinsats är ett effektivt sätt att förbättra power på två ben och eventuellt också för attförbättra sprinthastigheten vid issprint för ishockeyspelare. Om isokinetiska unilaterala knäböjär en effektivare metod för att förbättra power jämfört med traditionella unilaterala knäböj iSmithmaskin med maximal hastighet är det svårt att dra slutsatser om från denna studiesresultat. / Ice-hockey are physically demanding. To be able to perform during a game it is required thatthe players have a high maximum leg strength and power. A bilateral squat is a valid and widespread exercise for improving muscle strength and power in the legs. Even more specific forice-hockey is the unilateral squat. During an isokinetic movement the velocity is pre-set andtherefore constant, while the force can be altered during the movement. Most isokineticsystems have been designed for unilateral training, but in terms of isokinetic multi-jointexercises, such as the squat, there seems to be no research until this day.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of six weeks unilateral strength training(squat), either through traditional or isokinetic training, on power-output and 17.3 m sprinttime on ice among male junior ice-hockey players.20 elite male ice-hockey players, 18-19 years of age, was randomly divided in two differenttraining groups. One group (QG) did isokinetic unilateral squats in 1080 Quantum, with anangle of 110o degrees in the knee joint. The other group (SG) did traditional unilateral squatsin a Smith-machine, also with an angle of 110o degrees in the knee joint. The period oftraining was set to six weeks. Both groups participated in pre- and post-tests consisting ofsprint on ice and peak power in unilateral and bilateral jump squats.A significant improvement was seen with QG in peak power performed on both legs(p=0,004). SG had a significant improvement in unilateral squat performed on the right leg(p=0,018). A tendency to significant improvement was seen with QG in the ice-sprint(p=0,059).Isokinetic unilateral squat in a Smith-machine with a concentric velocity set to 0,2m/sec andan eccentric velocity set to 4,0m/sec with a maximum force is an effective exercise toimprove power-output on two legs, perhaps also to improve sprint ability on ice, among icehockeyplayers. It is difficult to draw conclusion about the results from this study whetherisokinetic unilateral squats is an effective method to improve the power compared totraditional unilateral squats in a Smith-machine with maximum speed.

1 TITLE: Specifics of womans ice hockey AUTHOR: Michaela Hrbková DEPARTMENT: Physical Education Department SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Ladislav Pokorný ABSTRAKT: This master thesis shows specific differences between men's and women's ice hockey. Point out anatomical, physiological, psychological, performance, technical and tactical factors affecting training processes and training units in men's and women's ice hockey. Using a questionnaire among players and coaches, I examined the knowledge of specific gender needs and their placement in the training units, knowledge of competition systems and game plans, differences in rules and men's and women's ice hockey. Furthermore, player and coaching history and hockey coaching education. Using a questionnaire among public, I examined opinions on female players and women's ice hockey, differences in attendance and viewership of men's and women's matches, knowledge of male and female players, teams and international successes of national hockey teams. I compared average age, weight and height of male players in Tipsport Extraliga and female players in women's league. I also compared the amount of training units of men's team HC Verva Litvínov and women's team HC Litvínov in the season 2014/2015. KEYWORDS: Woman, ice hockey, differences, specifics, sports training,...