<p>Uppsatsen fokuserar på hur körinstruktörer använder IKT som en strukturerande resurs vid sin undervisning och hur de uppfattar ett datorbaserat utvärderingsverktyg kopplat till ett dataspel i en körsimulator. Syftet med studien har varit att förstå hur externa verktyg (artefakter) används pedagogiskt för att överföra kunskap och om individen kan bli oberoende av dessa verktyg. Studien genomfördes genom intervjuer som kopplades till testkörningar i en körsimulator. Körsimulatorn ingick i en större studie (Spel och trafiksäkerhet) där ett dataspel (serious games) utgjorde testpersonens upplevelse av bilkörning i en virtuell värld. Svaret blev att körinstruktörer har externa verktyg såsom leksaksbilar, penna och papper för att underlätta kommunikationen vid utvärdering av elevernas körning och att användandet av dessa verktyg som metod är likartad med användningen av metoden med körsimulatorns utvärderingsverktyg, samt att individen till sist automatiserar metoden och då blir oberoende av de pedagogiska verktygen och kan använda sina kunskaper när den kör bil.</p>

The purpose of this study has been to examine how teachers use and reflect on digital tools in mathematics education and what opportunities and obstacles they feel they come across when it comes to using the digital tools at their disposal. To answer this I asked myself the following questions: How do teachers use digital tools in mathematics education? In what ways do the teachers reflect upon the use of digital tools in mathematics education? What kind of opportunities and obstacles do the teachers come across when using digital tools in mathematics education? The study is based on a qualitative method with five classroom observations and five interviews with the class teachers. My study are based on Glover, Miller, Aviers and Doors idea of different concept of interactivity and Glover and Millers idea of different attitudes towards technology. My conclusion is that all teachers are using digital tools to some form of drill training in mathematics. All teachers except teacher 2 also use digital tools to immerse in mathematics. Teacher 4 use digital tools to develop students' mathematical communication. Something that all teachers see as a possibility with the digital tools is an easy way to individualize teaching. Further, teachers 3, 4 and 5 believes that good apps enable students, teachers and parents to take part of the student's progression in an easy way. All teachers, except teacher 3 believe that technical problems that can occur and are an obstacle when it comes to the use of digital tools in mathematics education. Teachers 2 and 5 also believe that access, or rather lack of access, to digital tools can be an obstacle in teaching mathematics. Teacher 1, 2 and 5 also addresses the aspect of time as an obstacle when using digital tools, both the time it takes to find apps or to start a computer. Something that all teachers agree upon is that to have all mathematics teaching based on digital tools wouldn’t be suitable because it can be difficult to get access to a pupils’ knowledge that way. The best, according to the teachers in this study, would be to complement mathematics teaching with other teaching methods as well. Despite their different views on the opportunities and obstacles, and reflections on digital tools all teachers are positive about using digital tools in mathematics education, although many of the teachers point out technical shortages which in most cases is due to insufficient IT-education.

Programming is currently being introduced as an obligatory part of the K-9 education in Sweden with the aim to strengthen pupils’ digital competence and prepare them with skills adapt for the 21st century. The challenge is now to successfully integrate programming as a tool for teaching and learning within existing practices. Teachers are expected to support their pupils learning about programming despite their own limited chance to acquire knowledge on the subject. The Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket)has given some guidance but research on this area is rather limited and a lot is left to the teachers to decide and educate themselves in. Educational programming environments (EPEs), especially aimed at novices, can support teachers in this integration but needs to be suitable for the objectives from the Swedish school to not unintentionally direct the way teaching is done. This study aims to answer how an EPE should be designed to fit within the Swedish school context with a focus on the teachers’ perspective. To study this, seven interviews were conducted with educators in middle school with experience of working with programming in the classroom, followed by two observations during lectures with EPEs. The results provided implications that were used to form design guidelines for an EPE aimed at the Swedish school.

In a world dominated by digital technologies, user-centered design aims to ensure that the users are catered with solutions that deal with their needs. As agile methods have become a prevalent approach in software development, it is crucial for the two disciplines to work together. However, existing studies have already presented incompatibilities between the methods of the two disciplines. This study intends to investigate the impact that agile principles have on the adoption of user-centered approach on a broader scale through the many parties involved in the process. By conducting interviews with practitioners and interpreting the results through the lens of Engeström’s activity system model, the findings of the study reveal significant influences imposed on the user-centered approach by external and organizational factors that are intensified by the agile principles. Three main areas of concern are identified and accompanied by broad suggestions on how to approach resolving them, focusing on the empowerment of UX designers, accurate deliberation of the intentions and practices of user-centered approach, and close collaboration to raise awareness of the benefits of user-centered approach. Lastly, it is emphasized that the identified areas of concern – primarily the problematic impact from clients and executives – need further extensive research to provide definitive solutions.

Syftet med den här studien är att skapa kunskap om lärares arbete med digitala verktyg i SFI-undervisningen. Dels att kartlägga vilka digitala verktyg som används i SFI-undervisningen och hur dessa används. Dels att studera lärarnas upplevelser av hur detta påverkar deras arbete och elevernas undervisning. Resultatet av min studie diskuteras också ur ett sociokulturellt- och ett kognitivt perspektiv. Studien baseras på intervjuer med fem lärare på två SFI-skolor och visar att de har en del gemensamma undervisningsmetoder. De använder digitala verktyg som visuella hjälpmedel i klassrummet och de utnyttjar olika modaliteter för elevernas inlärning. På andra punkter skiljer sig lärarnas undervisning åt, så som i användningen av mobila applikationer. Likaså hur lärarna återkopplar på t.ex. skriftliga uppgifter. Vidare visar studien att eleverna på många sätt kan gynnas av digitala verktyg i undervisningen då det både kan fungera som stöttning och sätter eleven i centrum av undervisningen. Lärarna upplever att fördelarna på många sätt överväger i undervisningen med digitala verktyg. De menar dock att elevernas ibland bristande digitala kompetens kan vara en utmaning. Likaså påpekar de att det krävs tid och inspiration för att förnya undervisningen och fortsätta utvecklas i takt med tekniken.

Today, information and communication technology (ICT) is something given in the Swedish school system. This study aims to discuss how English teachers use ICT in the English classroom. Three active English teachers were interviewed about their use of ICT and the effect of ICT on pupils’ motivation. The teachers were also asked about their view on the differences in the language between school English and extramural English and if this causes any issues in the classroom. The result showed that the teachers’ views varied on all three accounts. The use of ICT varied in both frequency and way of use, mostly because of uncertainty with digital tools. When it came to ICT and motivation one teacher thought that it does affect motivation positively, but the other two disagreed as they consider computers a norm to the pupils and thus not motivating. However, they all agreed that ICT could be used to motivate pupils if used in the right way. All three teachers believed school English and extramural English were different. The use of extramural English could both help and impede the pupils’ English skills. However, the three teachers handled these differences in language differently.

Various studies have taken different approaches to persuade users into adopting a healthy sitting posture. In addition to the sedentary lifestyles we have come to adopt, the importance and reasoning of these studies stem from the adverse effects of poor posture on our health and mood. However, studies approaching this area with real-time visual modality integrated into clothing are rather sparse. Utilizing this integration might potentially fulfill the requirements of the ubiquitous computing era and inform the users in a calmer way. To evaluate various aspects of this concept, a mid-fidelity prototype was developed and tested with users. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to obtain their thoughts and opinions on such an approach. In addition to the approval of the concept, further concerns, advantages and disadvantages were disclosed, and used to inform a design space for similar concepts. Although requiring more research, the results of this study outline a primary design space consisting of essential characteristics one needs to be aware of when designing a similar concept.

Today it is just as important to understand the content on social media platforms as the technology that are being used. With the help of technology the content does not need to be just words but can also be anything from videos to simple symbols. Taboo subjects like dick-pics are often swept under the rug as being too offensive to talk about. But if technology is to keep up with the content even the sensitive subjects need to be understood. Since anyone can send anything to anyone it is important to show how different people react. If the sender of a dick-pic thinks it is amusing, it is important to tell how the receiver may react. It can be a self-representation to send a dick-pic, just to show a new or a hidden side of oneself. It can also be a way to exercise power over another person as well as harassing the receiver with a sexual picture. But a dick-pic could also be just a joke sent to someone and a way of communicating with friends. This is a quantitative research with 120 participants answering a questionnaire which focused on sending and receiving dick-pics and the reason and reaction of sending dick-pics online. The study showed three main reasons for sending dick-pics and the reasons were categorised as following: language online, self-representation and power structures.

This study is an investigation of what digital tools and approaches teachers use in their teaching of English as a foreign language in Swedish primary schools, in years 4-6 in the Swedish state school system. This study also addresses obstacles and limitations which teachers believe exist in the incorporation of digital tools into their teaching at this level. Using the digital literacy framework as an analytical basis, the study presents results obtained from semi-structured interviews involving six primary school teachers teaching English as part of a range of subjects within the primary curriculum. Interviews were conducted in pairs of teachers. The results emerging from the interviews indicated that the widespread availability of technological tools in the classroom is not necessarily a guarantee that the technology is used in the most advantageous manner by teachers at this level. This finding runs contrary to the fact that the schools in question have provided pupils with 'one-to-one' solutions in the form of individual computer/ tablet loans. Another result emerging from the study is that teachers tended to be fairly conservative in their planning of English lessons involving ICT.

The purpose of this paper is to see how politicians use Internet communication in their daily work and how they use it to interact with citizens of Vasteras city. To reach my conclusions I used both theoretical methods such as literature studies and qualitative interviews with the towns 11 trustees. Accoarding to this study the politicians saw not only a lot of potentials and advantages in Internet communication but also many difficulties and obstacles. In this case the cons far exceeded the pros. One of the main reason is the bad experiences which caused by rasist attacks/threats made to politicians and also the difficulties in handling of sensitiv documents which was seen as a stress factor. Vasteras home page is more seen as a very inert two way communication channel, due to the lack of discussion/debate forum. Other forms of communication via other media is prefered. Obviously IT is a fast and complementary media but face to face communication is prioritized rather than computer communication. E- democracy, E- meeting, E- discussion can not replace face to face communication. There is a strong belief among the municipal executive committee in the representative democracy as the best functional political system. The political climate characterizes as a sort of conservatism or pessimism when it concerns IT and democracy. Despite all of this, there are many optimistic attitudes about IT in a future perspective. Marketing and education are essential elements that benefit to more dialog and interactivity which can influence the quality of democracy. The Internet is perceived by many of respondants as an excellent horizontal communication than vertical.