Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T18:20:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina de Fátima Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1274038 bytes, checksum: 6c6d540e1bd592639767a33f0b2f3f52 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T13:30:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina de Fátima Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1274038 bytes, checksum: 6c6d540e1bd592639767a33f0b2f3f52 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T13:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina de Fátima Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1274038 bytes, checksum: 6c6d540e1bd592639767a33f0b2f3f52 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / For an organization to have satisfactory results it needs to have on satisfied employees and with good performance. Thus, the professional of personnel selection area has sought to investigate aspects related to interpersonal relationship and personality, as these characteristics have relation to job performance and success of the selection process. The personality assessment has been a challenge for psychologists considering that there are different ways to understand and evaluate this construct. In this perspective, the present study aimed to discuss aspects of personality assessment applied in personnel selection and had 108 participants. To this end two studies were conducted. The first aimed to evaluate the circular structure of the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions – II (CLOIT-II) when applied in the personnel selection. Therefore, an investigation of the adequacy of CLOIT-II data to quasi-circumplex model was made considering the criteria of two-dimensional and constant radius. To test structure was used confirmatory multidimensional scaling (MDS with Proxcal algorithm). Furthermore, the locations of scales have been established in Euclidean space and calculated the Phi de Tucker coefficient and normalized raw stress. In order to evaluate the constant radius criterion was applied Fisher test. The results showed the presence of a two-dimensional model and an appropriate variation the CLOIT-II replicates the quasi-circumplex structure which points to the usefulness of this measure in the context of people management, particularly in the selection process. The second study aimed to (1) map the personality characteristics and interpersonal interactions of successful and failed candidates in the personnel selection; (2) compare the groups of candidates approved and reproved as the interpersonal profile and projected personality; (3) evaluate the perception formulated by the interview about the interpersonal characteristics of the candidates; (4) relate projective and interpersonal self-report methods to assess personality. To achieve these goals we used the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions – II and Palográfico Test. To estimate interpersonal profiles assumed and perceived by the interview and also projected personality profile were calculated means and standard deviations of the variables. In order to compare the groups approved and reproved wascalculated the U Mann Whitney Test and to verify the relationship between projected measure of personality and self-report was estimated the Spearman correlation coefficient and them there was corrected for attenuation. The results showed that the two groups of candidates had very similar characteristics, therefore differed only in relation to the isolation position. In addition, the selectors were unable to assess the candidates’ interpersonal characteristics during the job interview. Already on the relationship between the two measures of personality, we found that certain characteristics, such as aggression and insecurity, people tend to project them and not take them. / Para que uma organização tenha resultados satisfatórios é preciso que ela conte com funcionários satisfeitos e com bom desempenho. Com isso, os profissionais da área de seleção de pessoal tem buscado investigar aspectos relacionados ao relacionamento interpessoal e à personalidade, pois essas características apresentam relação com desempenho no trabalho e com aprovação nos processos seletivos. A investigação da personalidade tem sido um desafio para os psicólogos tendo em vista que existem diferentes maneiras de se conceber e avaliar a tal constructo. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir aspectos da avaliação da personalidade para a seleção de pessoal e contou com 108 participantes. Para isto foram realizados dois estudos. O primeiro objetivou avaliar a estrutura circular do Checklist de Relações Interpessoais quando aplicado no âmbito da seleção de pessoal. Logo, foi feita uma investigação da adequação dos dados do CLOIT-II ao modelo quasi-circumplexo, considerando os critérios de bidimensionalidade e raio constante. Para testar a estrutura foi utilizado o Escalonamento multidimensional confirmatório (MDS com algoritmo Proxcal). Além disso, foram estabelecidos os lugares das escalas no espaço euclidiano e calculados o coeficiente Phi de Tucker e o normalized raw stress. Com vistas a avaliar o critério de raio constante foi aplicado o teste de Fisher. Os resultados apontaram para a presença de um modelo bidimensional e uma variação adequada do tamanho dos raios das variáveis. Desse modo, quando aplicado no contexto da seleção de pessoal o CLOIT-II replica a estrutura quasi-circumplexa o que aponta para a utilidade da medida no contexto da gestão de pessoas, em especial nos processos seletivos. O segundo estudo se propôs a (1) mapear as características de personalidade e de interações interpessoais dos candidatos aprovados e reprovados na seleção; (2) comparar os grupos de candidatos aprovados e de reprovados quanto ao perfil interpessoal e de personalidade projetada (3) avaliar a percepção formulada pelo entrevistador acerca das características interpessoais dos candidatos; (5) relacionar método projetivo e de autorrelato interpessoal para avaliar a personalidade. Para atingir tais objetivos foram utilizados o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais II (CLOIT-II) e o Teste Palográfico. Para estimar os perfis interpessoais assumidos e os percebidos pelo entrevistador e também o perfil de personalidade projetada foram calculados as médias e os desvios-padrões das variáveis. Com vistas a comparar os grupos de aprovados e reprovados calculou-se o Teste U de Mann Whitney e para verificar a relação entre medidas de personalidade projetadas e de autorrelato foi estimado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e em seguida houve correção para atenuação. Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos de candidatos apresentaram características bastante semelhantes, pois se diferenciaram apenas em relação à posição de isolamento. Além disso, os selecionadores não conseguiram avaliar as características interpessoais dos candidatos durante as entrevistas de emprego. Já sobre a relação entre as duas medidas de personalidade, foi possível verificar que certas características, tais como de agressividade e insegurança, os sujeitos tendem a projetá-las e não assumi-las.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett globalt samhällsproblem och drabbar främst kvinnor. Våldet kan ha olika uttryck och är förödande för den utsatte. Som sjuksköterska finns det ett stort ansvar att uppmärksamma dessa kvinnor och erbjuda en hjälpande hand. Dock är mörkertalet stort och många kvinnor får aldrig den hjälp som de behöver. Syfte: Att beskriva kunskapsläget om sjuksköterskors upplevelse och erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av metodologin som används vid systematiska översikter. Litteraturstudien baseras på tolv utvalda artiklar, tio är kvalitativa och två är kvantitativa. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat: Dataanalysen resulterade i en huvudkategori med två kategorier samt sju underkategorier. Huvudkategorin Det är personligt har kategorierna Begränsningar i mötet samt Främjande i mötet. Mötet påverkade sjuksköterskorna på ett personligt plan. Något som kunde begränsa sjuksköterskan i mötet var en bristande kunskap, känslomässig börda, tystnadskulturer och normer samt etiska konflikter. Det som kunde främja mötet var erfarenhet och kunskap hos sjuksköterskorna, en välvilja och förståelse samt ett organisatoriskt stöd. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplevde att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer påverkade dem personligen och mötet väckte olika känslor. Aspekter i samhället och på arbetsplatsen påverkade sjuksköterskors upplevelse och kunde skapa etiska konflikter. / Background: Intimate partner violence is a social problem globally and mainly affetcs women. The violence can have different expressions and is devastating for the victim. As a nurse, there is a great responsibility to notice these women and offering a helping hand. However, the numbers of unreported cases is large and many women never get the help they need. Aim: To describe the state of knowledge about nurses' experiences of encountering women exposed to intimate partner violence. Method: A structured literature study with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The literature study is based on twelve selected articles, ten are qualitative and two are quantitative. The searches were made in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results: The data analysis resulted in a main category with two categories with seven subcategories. The main category It´s personal has the subcategories Restrictions in the meeting and Promotion in the meeting. The meeting affected the nurses on a personal level. Something that could limit the nurse in the meeting was a lack om knowledge, emotional burden, culture of silence and norms as well as ethical conflicts. What could promote the meeting was the experience and knowledge of the nurses, goodwill and understanding as well as organizational support. Conclusions: Nurses felt that meeting women exposed to intimate partner violence affected them personally and the meeting evoked different emotions. Aspects in society and in the workplace influenced nurses´experience and could create ethical conflicts.

Adolescents, like all individuals, have a need to belong. Consequently, during the adolescent period, adolescents battle with the establishment and maintenance of meaningful relationships. Most of them, unfortunately, do not succeed to establish and maintain such relationships because of a lack of skills to do so. It appears, therefore, that If adolescents are to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize, they need to be taught interpersonal skills. One of the skills that they should be taught is the self-disclosure. As such, the first part of the literature study was devoted to the discussion of self disclosure. The study of literature revealed that self-disclosure has many aspects, the main ones being the nature of the self-disclosure content, self-discloser target, and concealment. In the second part of the literature study, attention was paid to the nature of interpersonal relationships with special reference to adolescents' relationships. The malysis of interpersonal relationships revealed that the establishment and maintenance, is well as the collapse of interpersonal relationships follow a particular pattern. Data concerning perceptions, beliefs and attitudes held by adolescents towards selflish closure in their interpersonal relationships was gathered by means of various Techniques. Parents' perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards their adolescent children's perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships were also assessed. The results of the empirical study revealed that adolescents hold selfdefeating perceptions, beliefs and attitudes that make it difficult for them to handle selflisclosure in ways that ought to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize. These perceptions, beliefs and attitudes may not change easily as their parents, the most important component of the adolescents' significant others, seem to be modelling self-defeating perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards self-disclosure. Lastly, a few guidelines to assist adolescents to handle self-disclosure in ways that ought to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize were given. / Thesis (D. Ed.)

Résumé: Au lendemain des élections présidentielles de 2000, le Sénégal tourne la page sur quarante ans de régime socialiste, et traverse pacifiquement les élections les plus redoutées de son histoire politique. La presse privée, nouveau contre-pouvoir, contribue grandement à l’élection de son candidat : Abdoulaye Wade. Toutefois, une fois aux commandes, cet homme « idéal » est loin de faire l’unanimité selon les médias indépendants. Du coup, ceux-ci constituent un obstacle pour lui. S’instaure alors un bras de fer entre les ex-alliés. À un an de la fin de ce mandat, une webradio créée par un émigrant sénégalais, voit le jour (Keurgoumak). Le concepteur de la radio déclare son intention de poser un regard neutre et objectif sur le septennat finissant, à travers des entrevues (Péncum Sénégal) de personnalités politiques. Mais une radio au dispositif technique presque assimilable à du « journalisme citoyen », née dans des conditions sociopolitiques si particulières, peut-elle échapper à la partialité, avec des thèmes hautement controversés et un public cible (la diaspora sénégalaise) à la dimension stratégique indéniable? Notre objectif est de déterminer le véritable positionnement du journaliste (neutralité ou partialité). Notre corpus est une transcription d’émissions radiophoniques qui ont eu lieu de février 2006 à août 2006. Dans le cadre du discours médiatique tel que décrit par Charaudeau (2000 à 2009), nous nous appuyons sur la perspective intégrative des travaux d’Amossy (2000, 2010) en matière d’argumentation. Celle-ci s’ouvre autant à l’interaction qu’à l’analyse du discours. Notre analyse est contrastive et comparative. Nous déterminons le positionnement du journaliste à travers une comparaison des caractéristiques interactionnelles formelles des entrevues, des caractéristiques lexico-interactionnelles de son discours interactif et une analyse lexicale et énonciative de ses propos. Nous analysons la relation interpersonnelle que le journaliste tisse avec les invités dans le cadre spécifique de l’interaction familière du pénc. Mots clefs : discours radiophonique, entrevue médiatique, pénc, interaction familière, énonciation, relation interpersonnelle, argumentation, analyse du discours, subjectivité, partialité, wolof, Sénégal. / Abstract: In the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election, Senegal leaves behind 40 years of socialist rule and peacefully goes through one of the most feared elections of its political history. Abdoulaye Wade is elected with a considerable contribution from independent medias. But once in power, the "ideal" man is far from being what the independent medias had anticipated. This situation creates tension between the former allies. One year prior to the end of Abdoulaye Wade’s first term, an independant webradio (Keurgoumak) created by a Senegalese immigrant decides to have a look at Abdoulaye Wade presidency. The designer of the radio declares its intention to take a neutral and objective stance through interviews (Pencum Senegal) with politicians in power and from the opposition. But can any journalistic institution escape subjectivity or bias? Moreover Péncum Senegal has a constitution similar to that of "citizen journalism" and is born in heavily polarized socio-political conditions. The journalist discusses highly controversial issues and targets an audience (the Senegalese diaspora) that holds an undeniable strategic dimension in the country. Our goal is to determine the true position of the journalist (neutrality or favoritism). Our corpus is a transcript of the radio broadcasts that took place from February 2006 to August 2006. We base our analysis on the media discourse theory as described by Charaudeau (2000-2009). We do so within the frame of the integrative perspective by Amossy (2000, 2010). Based on argumentation, it combines rhetoric, interaction and discourse analysis. Our analysis is comparative and contrastive. We observe the interviews’ formal interactional features. We are also interested in the interpersonal relationships that the journalist builds with the guests, as well as the lexical and denunciative clues of his views on the government.

本研究目的在於建構加護病房護理人員之非理性信念、情緒特質及情緒管理對人際關係之影響路徑模式。本研究採問卷調查法，參與者為200位加護病房護理人員，研究工具則包含非理性信念、情緒特質、情緒管理與人際關係等四份量表。研究中以驗證性因素分析、描述統計、單因子多變量變異數分析及結構方程模式分析資料，主要的研究結果如下： 一、教育程度在大學以下者比教育程度為研究所者具有較強烈之「希望感」正向情緒特質。護理年資高者較護理年資淺者能在人際關係方面展現主動關懷的行為。此外，修過情緒管理課程或壓力管理課程者比從未修過該課程者，具有較強烈之正向情緒特質。值得注意的是，從未修過壓力管理課程者卻比修過該課程者，具有較強烈之「自卑感」負向情緒特質。 二、非理性信念愈強者，其負向情緒激發愈強烈。但非理性信念與正向或負向情緒特質交互作用後，非理性信念對負向情緒激發的影響會被削弱。此外，非理性信念對積極回應策略沒有效果。 三、正向情緒特質對負向情緒激發具有負向效果，但卻對積極回應策略具有正向效果。 四、負向情緒特質對負向情緒激發具有正向效果，但對積極回應策略具有負向效果。 五、不同非理性信念者，其人際關係並無顯著差異。 六、正向情緒特質對人際關係具有正向效果。 七、負向情緒特質愈強者，其人際關係愈差，且負向情緒特質是透過負向情緒激發或積極回應策略對人際關係產生間接影響效果，雖然其效果並不大。 八、不同負向情緒激發者，其人際關係並無顯著差異，但當負向情緒激發受到正向情緒特質的影響後，會對人際關係產生正向的效果。 九、積極回應策略對人際關係具有正向效果。 十、修正模式一與二顯示非理性信念對負向情緒激發與積極回應策略皆無直接效果，非理性信念對人際關係亦無間接效果。但不同的是，在修正模式一中，正向情緒特質會對負向情緒激發產生負向效果，但對積極回應策略與人際關係產生直接的正向效果。此外，正向情緒特質會分別透過負向情緒激發與積極回應策略的中介，進而對人際關係產生負向與正向的效果。而在修正模式二中，負向情緒特質會對負向情緒激發產生正向的直接效果，但對積極回應策略會產生負向的直接效果。此外，負向情緒特質會透過積極回應策略的中介，對人際關係產生負向的效果，且負向情緒激發會透過積極回應策略的中介，對人際關係產生正向的效果。 　　針對上述結果，本研究分別針對護理人員培育機構與醫療院所提出課程教學與人員輔導之建議，並指陳後續研究可以參考與改進的方向。 / The purpose of this study was to propose and examine a path model of irrational beliefs, emotional traits, emotional management, and interpersonal relationship among nurses in the intensive care unit (ICU). Two hundred ICU nurses in Taiwan participated in this study. The employed instruments included the Inventory of Irrational Beliefs, the Inventory of Emotional Traits, the Inventory of Emotional Management, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Relationship. Moreover, the used data analysis methods were Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), One-way Multivariate Analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Participants with an educational degree under college had a stronger “sense of hope” than those with an educational degree of graduate schools. Those with long period of working experiences in hospitals showed more proactive caring behaviors than their counterparts. Moreover, those who had taken emotional-management or stress-coping courses had more positive emotional traits than their counterparts. Finally, those who had never taken stress-coping courses had a stronger sense of inferiority complex than their counterparts. 2. Participants who had a stronger irrational belief experienced more negative- emotion arousal than their counterparts. However, the interaction of irrational beliefs and emotional traits could weaken the effects of irrational beliefs on negative-emotion arousal. On the other hand, the participants’ irrational beliefs did not have effects on their employment of proactive response strategies. 3. While the ICU nurses’ positive emotional traits did not have effects on their negative-emotion arousal, such traits had positive effects on their employment of proactive response strategies. 4. While the nurses’ negative emotional traits had positive effects on their negative- emotion arousal, such traits had negative effects on their employment of proactive response strategies. 5. The nurses’ irrational beliefs did not have effects on their interpersonal relationship. 6. The nurses’ positive emotional traits had positive effects on their interpersonal relationship. 7. The nurses’ negative emotional traits had negative effects on their interpersonal relationship, and such effects were brought about via negative-emotion arousal or the employment of proactive response strategies. 8. The nurses’ negative-emotion arousal did not have effects on their interpersonal relationship; however, when influenced by positive emotional traits, the negative-emotion arousal had positive effects on interpersonal relationship. 9. The nurses’ employment of proactive response strategies had positive effects on their interpersonal relationship. 10. The results of Modified Model 1 and Model 2 indicated that the nurses’ irrational beliefs did not have direct effects on their employment of proactive response strategies as well as on their interpersonal relationship. In modified Model 1, however, positive emotional traits had negative effects on negative-emotion arousal and proactive emotional strategies; moreover, positive emotional traits had indirect negative effects on interpersonal relationship via negative-emotion arousal while such traits had indirect positive effects on interpersonal relationship via proactive response strategies. In modified model 2, on the contrary, negative emotional traits had positive effects on negative-emotion arousal while such traits had negative effects on proactive emotional strategies; moreover, negative emotional traits had indirect negative effects on interpersonal relationship via proactive response strategies while negative-emotion arousal had indirect positive effects on interpersonal relationship via proactive response strategies. With accordance to the above findings, the researcher proposed some suggestions with regards to teaching and counseling for nursing training institutes and medical institutions; moreover, some suggestions were proposed for future studies.

It was the goal of this study to determine the relationship between student achievement and other selected variable such as principal years of experience, student socioeconomic status, teachers’ perceptions of administrative support, students’ perceptions of teacher support, and teacher attendance to teacher engagement. The study also determined if the variables along with teacher engagement were predictors of attrition. Pearson correlations were used to analyze the data that had the greatest significant relationship to teacher engagement. Regression tests were used to determine if the variables were predictors of attrition. The researcher concluded that student achievement, teachers’ perceptions of principal support, and students’ perceptions of teachers had the most significant relationship to teacher engagement; student socioeconomic status had a negative relationship with teacher engagement. The researcher found that the selected variables were not significant predictors of teacher attrition. Recommendations were suggested for central office leaders, building level leaders, teachers, and future researchers.

Adolescents, like all individuals, have a need to belong. Consequently, during the adolescent period, adolescents battle with the establishment and maintenance of meaningful relationships. Most of them, unfortunately, do not succeed to establish and maintain such relationships because of a lack of skills to do so. It appears, therefore, that If adolescents are to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize, they need to be taught interpersonal skills. One of the skills that they should be taught is the self-disclosure. As such, the first part of the literature study was devoted to the discussion of self disclosure. The study of literature revealed that self-disclosure has many aspects, the main ones being the nature of the self-disclosure content, self-discloser target, and concealment. In the second part of the literature study, attention was paid to the nature of interpersonal relationships with special reference to adolescents' relationships. The malysis of interpersonal relationships revealed that the establishment and maintenance, is well as the collapse of interpersonal relationships follow a particular pattern. Data concerning perceptions, beliefs and attitudes held by adolescents towards selflish closure in their interpersonal relationships was gathered by means of various Techniques. Parents' perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards their adolescent children's perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships were also assessed. The results of the empirical study revealed that adolescents hold selfdefeating perceptions, beliefs and attitudes that make it difficult for them to handle selflisclosure in ways that ought to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize. These perceptions, beliefs and attitudes may not change easily as their parents, the most important component of the adolescents' significant others, seem to be modelling self-defeating perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards self-disclosure. Lastly, a few guidelines to assist adolescents to handle self-disclosure in ways that ought to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize were given. / Thesis (D. Ed.)

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-11-30T15:35:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Vera Lucia.pdf: 1869711 bytes, checksum: 2d479947d8ac00d7251c231ea52c9c12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-30T15:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Vera Lucia.pdf: 1869711 bytes, checksum: 2d479947d8ac00d7251c231ea52c9c12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / Introdução: O atendimento odontológico do bebê apresenta características peculiares e requer tecnologias apropriadas. Objetivo: Validar um dispositivo inovador, em formato de avental, criado para acomodar o bebê durante as consultas, quanto à aceitação por parte dos pacientes e avaliar a ansiedade materna frente as diferentes tecnologias utilizadas. Método: Foi delineado ensaio clínico, autocontrolado e cego, a partir de modelo experimental cruzado com períodos de wash out. O dispositivo teste foi comparado a dois controles: Macri e o sistema joelho a joelho. Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck aplicado avaliou a ansiedade das mães antes e após os atendimentos com cada método proposto. Parâmetros de pressão arterial e batimentos cardíacos maternos foram obtidos nos dois momentos. O comportamento dos bebês foi aferido pela escala de Frankl. Resultado: A população alvo foram 66 pares de mães/bebês, entre zero e 24 meses, usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde. O comportamento dos bebês durante as consultas foi predominantemente positivo e similar para os três métodos testados, com vantagem para dispositivo Avental. Este mostrou-se similar à Macri quanto aos níveis de ansiedade materna com maior redução da Pressão Arterial Diastólica e dos batimentos cardíacos das mães. E apresentou melhores resultados quanto à redução da ansiedade materna e dos batimentos cardíacos por minuto quando comparado com o sistema joelho a joelho. Conclusão: O dispositivo Avental mostrou-se adequado ao atendimento odontológico dos bebês, com resultados similares ou melhores do que os métodos classicamente utilizados. Estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar suas qualidades do ponto de vista do profissional. / Introduction: The dental care of the baby presents peculiar characteristics and requires appropriate technologies. Objective: Validate an innovative, apron-shaped device designed to accommodate the baby during consultations, patient acceptance, and maternal anxiety about different technologies used.. Method: A clinical, selfcontrolled and blind trial was drawn from an experimental cross-over model with washout periods. The test device was compared to two controls: Macri and the knee to knee system. Beck's Anxiety Inventory applied assessed the anxiety of the mothers before and after the visits with each proposed method. Parameters of blood pressure and maternal heart rate were obtained at both moments. The behavior of the babies was measured by the Frankl scale. Outcome: The target population was 66 pairs of mothers / infants, between zero and 24 months, users of Primary Health Care. The behavior of the babies during the consultations was predominantly positive and similar for the three methods tested, with advantage to the Apron device. This was similar to Macri in terms of maternal anxiety levels with a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure and in mothers' heart rate. And it showed better results in reducing maternal anxiety and heart rate per minute compared to the knee-to-knee system. Conclusion: The Apron device was adequate for the dental care of the babies, with similar or better results than the classically used methods. Future studies are needed to assess their qualities from the professional's point of view. Introduction: The dental care of the baby presents peculiar characteristics and requires appropriate technologies. Objective: Validate an innovative, apron-shaped device designed to accommodate the baby during consultations, patient acceptance, and maternal anxiety about different technologies used.. Method: A clinical, selfcontrolled and blind trial was drawn from an experimental cross-over model with washout periods. The test device was compared to two controls: Macri and the knee to knee system. Beck's Anxiety Inventory applied assessed the anxiety of the mothers before and after the visits with each proposed method. Parameters of blood pressure and maternal heart rate were obtained at both moments. The behavior of the babies was measured by the Frankl scale. Outcome: The target population was 66 pairs of mothers / infants, between zero and 24 months, users of Primary Health Care. The behavior of the babies during the consultations was predominantly positive and similar for the three methods tested, with advantage to the Apron device. This was similar to Macri in terms of maternal anxiety levels with a greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure and in mothers' heart rate. And it showed better results in reducing maternal anxiety and heart rate per minute compared to the knee-to-knee system. Conclusion: The Apron device was adequate for the dental care of the babies, with similar or better results than the classically used methods. Future studies are needed to assess their qualities from the professional's point of view.

本研究主要目的是探討現今人們透過電腦中介傳播系統(computer-mediated communication, CMC)發展出的人際情感親密關係。研究動機是基於網路目前的風行以及研究需要，並視網路為「虛擬情境」，稱此通道下之人際情感親密關係為「虛擬人際關係」，與親身接觸發展出的人際關係有相同與相異之處。 　　本研究整理1970年左右迄今「電腦中介傳播」從「媒介選擇」、「人際互動」到「人際關係」，從強調網路工作效益至人際效果的研究歷程。「媒介選擇」包括「去線索理論」中的社會臨場感理論、媒介豐富理論、缺乏社會情境線索假說等，以及強調社會影響的社會資訊處理觀點；「人際互動」則分為網路人際情感、網路中的語言與非語言線索、比較電腦中介傳播與面對面兩種人際互動等加以說明；另著重在網路人際關係的文獻探討，詳述walther以「社會資訊處理觀點」看電腦中介傳播人際關係的研究，並也說明可用在網路研究的人際傳播理論。文中提到電腦中介傳播人際情感親密關係研究之重要，並敘述與本研究－「虛擬人際關係」相關的理論與說法。 　　研究探討的重心有三：1. 欲了解「虛擬人際關係」的發展與組成，以及這種人際情感網絡對於現實生活中人際網絡具替代或互補作用；2. 了解「虛擬人際關係」與親身接觸人際情感關係的異同；3. 找出人們尋求「虛擬人際關係」的原因。 　　本研究以電子布告欄(Bulletin Board System, BBS)為研究情境，選擇清大電機BBS站心情類版為研究個案，採用俗民方法學的態度，以觀察、親身參與其人際互動、社會網絡分析、深度訪談、電子郵寄問卷等方式探討BBS中的人際親密關係與情感支持。 　　研究結果發現「虛擬人際關係」網絡對大多數使用者為人際網絡之擴大；其發展過程與親身傳播人際感情關係發展過程類似，也會有自我表白、分享、了解等親密關係與情感互動，但「匿名」、文字互動、想像與期待、與異性交往多、轉移傳播情境會有落差等，是兩人際關係發展不同之處。而「虛擬人際關係」的組成還必須要有電腦網路「匿名」、情感使用、虛擬情境等特質，以及使用者有電腦網路經驗、技巧、媒介接近性、學科背景、個人特質（個性、偏好）等條件，這些不同於親身接觸的人際情感關係的組成與發展因素，也是使用者去尋求「虛擬人際關係」，得到情感與親密之因。 　　因此，「虛擬人際關係」可以使人發展親密關係並有情感互動，它無法替代實際人際情感親密關係，人們也不可能脫離現實的人際互動，但即是如此，由電腦中介傳播媒介建構的情境卻可以是一處情感交流與宣洩的地方，科技進步也可有溫情的人際效果。 / The study mainly attempts to explore intimate and emotional interpersonal relationship through the computer-mediated communication(CMC) ,orthe Internet, which is regarded as a "Virtual context". The relationship is named as "virtual relationship" which is different from face-to-face(FTF) one. 　　The study examined several related researches from 1970s on "media choice theory" and "interpersonal interaction". The former includes social presence theory, media richness theory and social information processing(SIP) theory. The latter combs the differences in the interpersonal emotion, ve.rbal/nonverbal cues and human interaction between the CMC and FTF chanell. and interpersonal relationship .Besides, the author describes Walther's SIP theory a lot and suggests it can also be applied to the research of internet-based interpersonal communication. The study also suggests that the most important in the research of CMC is to undesrstand the connection among the users, especially in emotion and intimacy. 　　There are three points in the research:(1)the development and constitution of the virtual relationships, (2)the difference in between virtual and FTF relationships, (3)finding out the reasons why people come to virtual relationships. 　　The methods of the study include ethnographic participant observation, social network analysis, depth interview and E-mail questionnaire to discuss the internet- based interpersonal intimate relationships and emotion support. The "feeling", "manwoman" and "love" boards at NTHU were chosen to be the case study . 　　The results find that "virtual relationship" is most BBS-users's expansion of their social networks. The developing process of virtual relationship is similar to that of FTF relationship, including self-disclosure, sharing and understanding.The different, however, fall on nicknames, verbal interaction, image and anticipation in the BBS. In addition to the development, the constitution of virtual relationships is based upon nicknames, use of emotion, users' idiosyncrasy, BBS experiences and computer skills that are also the reasons why people need virtual relationships. 　　Virtual relationship, therefore, enables one to develop intimate relations and share each other's feelings. However, the interpersonal relationship under FTF remains unreplaceable. No one can do without the interaction. Even so, the "virtual context" still provides a space for the expression and sharing ones' emotions; therefore, technology progresses also promote the warmth in interpersonal relationships.

社群網站集結了線下各種社會關係於平台中的特色，幫助使用者重整自我人際關係。社群網站中的各種功能得以應對不同社交情況，然而，根據東方線上的調查報告指出，以多重帳號分流管理人際關係的現象愈加普遍，社群媒體打破了虛實人脈的界線，在隱私權與形象管理等需求下，衍生出「雲端多重人格症」，出現多帳號、人際分流的狀態。 　　尤其當人們踏入職場後，將比起學生族群面臨更為多樣的社會交際互動。因此，本研究以擁有多個Facebook帳號的上班族為對象，探究他們在使用多重Facebook帳號時所採取的戰術策略、所面臨的人際關係與權力影響，以及在不同帳號中所呈現的自我形象。 　　本研究透過深度訪談法蒐集了八位在Facebook中經營多重帳號之上班族的使用經驗，發現上班族使用者們以創建多個Facebook帳號，作為閃躲Facebook意圖讓使用者間更加緊密連結的主要手段，藉由「與現實生活中可連結之假名」、「不完整的個人資料編輯」、「帳號間的互相封鎖或追蹤」等戰術，來對抗Facebook希望達到的人際關係串聯。另一方面，這種策略運用可被視為對de Certeau所提出之「戰略」與「戰術」的顛覆，Facebook使用者不僅運用戰術躲避網站空間的戰略，亦用以閃躲其他戰術使用者，形成另一種「戰略」與「戰術」的共舞狀態。此外，Facebook多重帳號的上班族使用者藉著「戰術」使用，不僅翻轉了原先de Certeau對「戰略」與「戰術」之二元觀點，更推翻費孝通早期所提出的人際親疏遠近模型。社群網路中的人際關係與權力影響充滿不確定性，親疏遠近的定義隨著不同使用者而改變，透過將不同層面之好友加入不同帳號的過程，上班族使用者能夠更彈性地控制這些關係中親疏遠近的變更，並在Facebook人際互動的過程中獲得更多自主權。同時，多重帳號的使用模式將傳統虛擬社群中人們得以自由探索自我之特性帶入與現實生活緊密相連的社群網站中，藉由在不同親疏關係的帳號中有不同程度的展演，上班族使用者得以同時在前／後台中現身，一邊整飾自我形象，一邊解放真實自我。 / Given the function of representing offline social relations, social media platforms, such as Facebook, facilitate users to maintain their online relationships based on different social conditions. According to a report of Eastern Online, some users, for the reasons of privacy and image control, manage their interpersonal relationship with multiple accounts, resulting in the online phenomenon of ‘multiple accounts, multiple relations’. This is especially true when students graduate from schools and start to work. Once becoming job employees, they have to encounter their bosses, colleagues, and other phatic relations, enhancing their desire for manipulating multiple accounts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine Facebook users who have created multiple accounts for social groupings, to explore their tactics against the potential power subjects such as their parents, their bosses, or Facebook itself, and to discover how they formulate their images in different accounts. Eight employee subjects with multiple Facebook accounts were recruited for in-depth interviews. The study found that, although the Facebook policy encourages world-wide users tightly interconnected, users tend to escape from this strategy by using pseudonym, partial and falsified personal data, and block and trace tactics among Facebook friends. On the other hand, users not only use tactics against the strategy made by Facebook, but also against other tactic users such as their parents or elders who are relatively powerless in using Facebook and would like to tactically detect their children’s actions all the times. Such findings have challenged de Certeau’s theory of everyday life practice, since the binary distinction of strategy and tactic is no more warranted. The study also found the uncertainty of interpersonal relationship in Facebook. Thanks to Facebook design, users are allowed to join different friends into different accounts. In other words, they can define who are ‘close friends’ and who are ‘not so close’ online. And this definition may change from time to time. Such self-control provides users with flexibility to rewrite the closeness of their Facebook ‘friends’ in different life periods. Consequently, they rewrite the stable nature of Fei Hsiao-Tung’s sense of ‘relationship’, in which closeness and strangeness would not change easily over time. Finally, with the use of multiple accounts, the study found both front-stage and back-stage selves in Facebook, making image management more complex and increasing the possibility of liberating the true selves.