What is considered as right and wrong, and how to treat each other influences the daily life in the kindergarten. Consequently, this study aims to make moral values of children visible, which in fact also is what so called peer culture implies. The aim is also to highlight in what way the kindergarten affects children´s perspective in moral values. That, in turn, also means what impact the peer culture has on moral development. Previous research shows that children´s democratic participation in the kindergarten gives the children an opportunity to influence their daily life.  In effect, this means that we together with the children read a picture book that lead the children to further discussions. Eight children from two preschools in Halland participated. The collected data is analyzed trough symbolic interactionism. That interprets further how the children discussed the subject together. The children talked about friendship related questions. The result indicates that moral values can vary between peer cultures in kindergartens. Furthermore, this indicates how a peer culture is impacted by the environment. / Vad som anses rätt och fel, och hur man ska behandla varandra genomsyrardet dagliga livet i förskolan. Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra barnsmoraliska arbete och på vilka sätt förskolan påverkar barnens perspektiv imoraliska värderingar, och därmed även kamratkulturens betydelse förmoralisk utveckling. Tidigare forskning visar också hur barns demokratiskadeltagande i förskolan bidrar till deras moraliska utveckling, bland annat i såmening att de får lära sig att ta ansvar för sina egna beslut i vardagen.Den här studien bygger på kvalitativa metoder genom att vi använder en såkallad kommunikativ kedja för att undersöka barns moraliska utveckling.Detta innebär att vi tillsammans med en grupp förskolebarn läst en bilderboksom sedan låg till grund för barnens diskussioner. Totalt deltog åtta barn fråntvå förskolor i Halland. Den empiriska data som samlades in analyseradesgenom symbolisk interaktionism. Barnen samtalade kring vänskapsrelateradefrågor. Resultatet tyder på att moraliska värderingar kan variera mellan olikakamratkulturer i förskolan genom omgivningens påverkan påkamratkulturen.

Studien syftar till att förstå och synliggöra en del av det didaktiska arbetet i teaterundervisningen inom kulturskolan genom drama- och teaterpedagogers uppfattningar av begreppen samspel och inlevelse och hur de relaterar till den pedagogiska praktiken. Didaktisk forskning för teaterämnet inom denna kontext är näst intill obefintlig. För att nå studiens syfte används frågeställningarna: Hur uppfattar några drama- och teaterpedagoger innebörden av begreppen samspel och inlevelse i relation till teaterundervisningen inom kulturskolan? Hur kan man arbeta med områden som samspel och inlevelse med barn och ungdomar inom kulturskolans teaterämne? Hur uppfattar drama- och teaterpedagogerna att elevers progression inom områden som samspel och inlevelse kan uppnås? Grundad teori utgör metodologisk utgångspunkt och genom intervjuer och en dramaworkshop har empirin insamlats. Resultatet presenteras genom en teori vilken lyfter att samspel, inom aktuell kontext, berör teaterns alla delar. Dessa måste samverka för att det som framställs ska kunna kommunicera med en publik, för deltagarna innebär det att ingå i en helhet. Deltagarna tränas i att inta publikperspektivet för att kunna förstå hur delarna samverkar, de uppmanas att rikta blicken utåt. I arbetet övar deltagarna på att ge och ta plats sceniskt. Gruppdynamiska aspekter och scenframställning går inte att separera från varandra, samspel berör arbetet både på och av scenen. Innebörden av begreppet åskådliggörs genom att deltagarna gör övningar som kräver att de samspelar för att klara av uppgiften. Progression nås genom att det sceniska arbetet varvas med gruppens och pedagogens reflektioner. Inlevelse betonas som att förmedla kroppsligt, emotionellt, mot rummet och situationen med hjälp av hela människan. Pjäser och improvisationer är sceniska berättelser, för att stötta vägen till inlevelse guidar pedagogerna sökandet bakom situationen och historien. Aktörernas möjlighet att spela sina roller är beroende av vad de sceniskt får av varandra och att alla ”tror” på fiktionen, det behövs en gemensam hängivelse. Området bearbetas genom att deltagarna få prova att spela olika karaktärstyper men även genom enkla övningar som till exempel kull, där förmågan att ge sig hän övas. Spärrar av självcensur behöver släppas för att kunna nå progression, gruppdynamiken är avgörande för att det ska kunna ske. / The study aims to understand and highlight a part of the didactic work in education of theater within the framework of the Swedish kulturskola (Community Schools of Music and Arts) through drama- and theaterpedagogues’ view of the concepts of interplay and empathy and how theese concepts relates to the pedagogical practice. Didactic research on the subject of theater within this context is almost non-existent. To reach the aim of the study, the following framing of questions are used: How is the concept of interplay and empathy perceived by some drama- and theaterpedagogues in relation to theatereducation within the kulturskola? How can concepts like interplay and empathy be implied in the work with children and youth according to the subject of theater within the kulturskola? How do the drama- and theater-pedagogues perceive that progression within concepts like interplay and empathy among students can be achieved? Grounded theory is the methodological premiss and the empirical material has been collected with the help of interviews and a workshop in drama. The result is presented through a theory which emphasize that interplay, within this specific context, concerns all aspects of theater. These different aspects need to cooperate in order for what that is presented to communicate with an audience. For the participants this means to form a part of a wholeness. The participants are trained into taking the perspective of the audience to understand how different parts cooperates, they are requested to address their point of gaze outworth. In their working progress the participants practice on how to, on stage, give and take space. Groupdynamic aspects and presentation on stage is not possible to separate from each other, interplay concerns both work on and off stage. The meaning of the concept is illustrated through participants doing exercises that demands cooperation to solve the assigned task. Progression is achieved through letting the work on stage being interspersed with the group´s and the pedagogue´s reflections. Empathy is emphasized as to convey through body, emotionally towards the space and situation with the help of the whole being. Theatrical plays and improvisations are scenic, theatrical stories. To support the way to empathy the pedagogues are guiding the search behind the situation and the story. The actors means and capability to play their parts are dependent of what they scenically receive from one and other and that everyone “believe” in the fiction, in what can be understood as common dedication. The field is processed by letting the participants try to play different kinds of characters but also through simple exercises like for example playing tag where the ability to surrender oneself is practiced. Hindering self-censorship needs to be released in order to achieve progression, the groupdynamic is crucial for this to happen. / <p>Godkännande datum: 2022-06-03</p>

Breast cancer metastasis is one of the reasons why this type of cancer is destructive even after treatment as it tends to move from one organ to another increasing the risk factor for an individual. In the metastatic cascade, the tumour undergoes many different types of stress, including extracellular (ECM) stiffness. Key proteins that have been linked to the change in stiffness of the ECM are YAP and β-catenin. Both functions similarly in the manner that they need to translocate to the nucleus and bind to their respective transcription factors in order to activate their downstream genes. In parallel this seems to be on a stiffness dependent manner. Therefore, the hypothesis is that β-catenin is able to compensate for YAP function when YAP is downregulated in a stiffness dependent manner. In this work, results show a significant increase of YAP and β-catenin translocation to the nucleus of MDA-MB-231 cells when they are subject to the stiffer substrate in comparison to the softer substrate indicating increase gene expression of their respective pathways. The effect of the stiffness was then analyzed by doing single knockdown experiments with siRNA. To investigate the response of β-catenin, knocking down YAP was done, and it was shown that β-catenin translocation significantly increased on the softer matrix, while stiffer matrix showed no significant difference. Downstream gene expression also confirmed this idea with CTGF being downregulated with β-catenin knockdown and AXIN2 being downregulated with YAP knockdown. In the cell behavioural aspect, only when the double knockdown of YAP and β-catenin was done, the migration and proliferation rate had significant lowered. This echoes the idea further of the compensating effects of β-catenin to YAP. In addition, the exploration of the cytoskeleton network was investigated, as this is a key component in protein pathways, by treating the cells using LatA and Blebbistatin, affecting F-actin and myosin-II respectively. Knowing the critical role of cytoskeletal proteins in mechanotransduction, the hypothesis is that actin filaments and myosin-II mediate the YAP & β-catenin nuclear translocation activation. Findings show the direct relationship between F-actin and YAP as actin polymerization state significantly decreased when YAP was knockdown in a similar manner to when LatA was added. When myosin-II was added, both YAP and β-catenin nuclear translocation were affected, indicating its potential role in mechanotransduction. Furthermore, it was found that cell confluency and PIEZO1 activation had significant effects in YAP & β-catenin translocation. By seeding the cells with different densities, the β-catenin signalling could be visualized with IF staining, with the conclusion that at high confluency, the β-catenin translocation was alleviated. For the PIEZO1 studies, results indicate that PIEZO1 is an upstream regulator of YAP by doing single knockdown experiments and subsequently analysing YAP signalling. The findings underscore the potential significance of β-catenin as a modulator of mechanotransduction in the absence of YAP, showcasing the complexity of the protein signalling network orchestrating cellular response due to mechanical cues. Unravelling these protein interplay could offer novel insights into therapeutic targets for breast cancer mechanotransduction. Ultimately, this research adds to the understanding of the intricate protein signalling that governs mechanotransduction in breast cancer cells. The discovery of stiffness dependent YAP & β-catenin signalling, the interplay between YAP and β-catenin pathway mechanotransduction implicated by cell density, the regulation of YAP- β-catenin interplay in mechanotransduction by PIEZO1, the importance of F-actin & myosin-II in YAP & β-catenin translocation, and the YAP & β-catenin effects on cell behaviour, all help lay the groundwork for devising targeted interventions to impede cancer progression. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Breast cancer is the most prominent type of cancer that exists in women and like other cancers, it can spread to other organs such as the bone, liver, and brain even though the microenvironments are different. With different proteins like yes-associated protein (YAP) regulating this microenvironmental change in the primary and secondary sites, it can flourish and become more aggressive which leads to death for the host. The interactions of these proteins and their pathways which affects the aggressiveness of the cancers are still not well understood. This project investigates the interaction between YAP and β-catenin in response to surface stiffness to understand the mechanical regulation of breast cancer metastasis. Alongside the protein signalling, cytoskeletal components, downstream gene expression, cell confluency, and membrane proteins are explored. Our results show that an increase in stiffness allow for higher nuclear translocation for YAP and β-catenin, enhancing downstream gene expression relating to migration and proliferation. Furthermore, in lower stiffness the crosstalk between YAP and β-catenin results in an inverse relationship. These findings suggest β-catenin compensates YAP function when YAP is inhibited. In terms of the cytoskeletal protein, an integral part of the cell, the intervention saw a significant alteration in the YAP & β-catenin signalling. Additionally, cell confluency played a large role in β-catenin nuclear translocation implicating the role of cell-to-cell contact in mechanotransduction. To see if mechanosensitive membrane proteins fit into the pathway, PIEZO1 studies were done and results show that it is an upstream effector of YAP, and consequently an indirect connection with β-catenin. All in all, this thesis provides insightful information in the role of stiffness matrix, cell confluency, membrane proteins and how that regulate YAP & β-catenin. This research provides the mechanism for the synergistic therapies targeting multiple proteins to prevent cancer growth and metastasis.

<p dir="ltr">Smartphones have revolutionized personal computing by blending communication, entertainment, and productivity into one. Emerging applications demand high computational capabilities and are power-hungry. Optimizing the battery drain of mobile apps is critical to extending the battery life of mobile devices, enhancing the user experience. This involves optimizing the power consumption of all power-hungry components in modern smartphones.</p><p dir="ltr">The power draw of a mobile System on a Chip (SoC) is determined by its computational requirements and can become a bottleneck for the entire system. To understand and optimize power consumption, it is essential to accurately characterize the power of heterogeneous SoCs and study the interplay among default governors for the mobile CPU, GPU, and memory. Therefore, power modeling of mobile device components is foundational for effective energy profiling and analysis.</p><p dir="ltr">This thesis presents an understanding of the power consumption on modern smartphones and contributes to creating a display power model for Organic light-emitting diode (OLED), developing a lightweight GPU power model, and finally creating a Unified energy-aware governor for LLM.</p><p dir="ltr">First, we develop a novel piecewise OLED power model that accurately estimates the display power draw as a function of the displayed content. We present the design and implementation of two OLED power management tools: an accurate per-frame OLED display power profiler called PFOP and an enhanced Android Battery called Battery+ that help phone users to understand and manage phone display energy drain.</p><p dir="ltr">Second, we present APGPM, the first mobile GPU power modeling methodology that automatically selects an optimal set of performance monitoring counters (PMCs) that can accurately estimate the GPU power across different workloads. We implement APGPM in Android and evaluate it on two representative mobile GPUs, Qualcomm’s Adreno and ARM’s Mali, for diverse GPU workloads. Our evaluation shows that APGPM builds a GPU power model that reduces the average GPU power prediction error by almost half compared to the prior-art, utilization-frequency based smartphone GPU power model.</p><p dir="ltr">Third, we present a unified energy-aware governor designed to optimize the energy efficiency of three power hungry components, CPU, GPU, and memory, for large language model (LLM) inference on mobile devices. We show that the triplet governors used in mobile OSes such as Android can result in longer prefilling and decoding latencies compared to optimal combinations of CPU/GPU/memory frequencies under the same energy budget. Our unified energy-aware governor, LEG, is shown to significantly reduce time-to-first-token and time-per-output-token of LLM inference compared to the default governors.</p>

No / In this article we explain how the development of new organization theory faces several mutually reinforcing problems, which collectively suppress generative debate and the creation of new and alternative theories. We argue that to overcome these problems, researchers should adopt relationally reflexive practices. This does not lead to an alternative method but instead informs how methods are applied. Specifically, we advocate a stance toward the application of qualitative methods that legitimizes insights from the situated life-with-others of the researcher. We argue that this stance can improve our abilities for generative theorizing in the field of management and organization studies.

No description available.

The work presented in this thesis was broadly focussed on the investigation of the magnetic behaviour of different superconducting materials in the form of bulk (singe crystals and pellets) and thin films (nanomagnetic devices like superconducting spin valves etc). Neutrons and muons were extensively used to probe the structural and magnetic behaviour of these systems at the nanoscale along with bulk characterisation techniques like high-sensitive magnetic property measurements, scanning probe microscopy and magneto-transport measurements etc. The nanoscale interplay of Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism was studied in the thin film structures using a combination of Polarised Neutron Reflectivity (PNR) and Low Energy Muon Spin Rotation (LE-µSR) techniques while bulk Muon Spin Rotation (µSR) technique was used for microscopic magnetic investigation in the bulk materials. In the Fe/Pb heterostructure, evidence of the Proximity Effect was observed in the form of an enhancement of the superconducting penetration depth (λs) with an increase in the ferromagnetic layer thickness (dF) in both the bilayered and the trilayered structures. The existence of an Inverted Magnetic Region was also detected at the Ferromagnet-Superconductor (F/S) interface in the normal state possibly originating from the induced spin polarisation within the Pb layer in the presence of the neighbouring Fe layer(s). The spatial size (height and width) of the Inverted Magnetic Region did not change much while cooling the sample below the superconducting transition temperature(Tc)and it also stayed unaffected by an increase in the Fe layer thickness and by a change of the applied magnetic field. In the superconducting spin valve structure containing Permalloy (Py) as ferromagnetic layer and Nb as the superconducting layer, LE-µSR measurements revealed the evidence of the decay of magnetic flux density (as a function of thickness) within the Nb layer symmetrically from the Py/Nb interfaces towards the centre of the Nb layer in the normal state. The thickness dependent magnetisation decay occurred over two characteristic length scales in the normal state that stayed of similar values in the superconducting state also. In the superconducting state, an additional contribution towards the magnetisation was found in the vicinity of the Py/Nb interfaces possibly originating from the spin polarisation of the singlet Cooper pairs in these areas. The nanoscale magnetic investigation on a highly engineered F/S/F structure (where each of the F blocks made of multiple Co/Pd layers with magnetic moments aligned perpendicular to the plane of these layers and neighbouring magnetic blocks separated by Ru layers giving rise to antiferromagnetic alignment) using LE-µSR showed an antisymmetric thickness dependent magnetic flux density profile with two characteristic length scales. In the superconducting state, the magnetic flux density profile got modified within the superconducting Nb₆₇Ti₃₃ layer near the F/S interfaces in a way similar to that of observed in the case of Py/Nb system, most likely because of the spin polarisation of the superconducting electron pairs. The vortex magnetic phase diagram of Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O10-δ was studied using the Muon Spin Rotation (µSR) technique to explore the effects of vortex lattice melting and rearrangements for vortex transitions and crossover as a function of magnetic field and temperatures. At low magnetic fields, the flux vortices undergo a first order melting transition from a vortex lattice to a vortex liquid state with increasing temperature while another transition also occurred with increasing field at fixed temperature to a vortex glass phase at the lowest temperatures. Evidence of a frozen liquid phase was found in the intermediate field region at low temperature in the form of a lagoon in the superconducting vortex state which is in agreement with earlier observations made in BiSCCO-2212. The magnetic behaviour of the unconventional superconductor Sr₂RuO₄ was investigated using µSR to find the evidence of normal state magnetism and the nature of the vortex state. In the normal state, a weak hysteretic magnetic signal was detected over a wide temperature and field range believed to be supporting the evidence of a chiral order parameter. The nature of the vortex lattice structure was obtained in different parts of the magnetic phase diagram and the evidence of magnetic field driven transition in the lattice structure was detected from a Triangular→Square structure while the vortex lattice stayed Triangular over the entire temperature region below Tc at low fields with a disappearance of pinning at higher temperatures.

This dissertation analyses the consequences of seemingly placeless processes like the European integration and the increasing economic globalisation on Brussels and the people living there. The study shows that Brussels has become one of our time's most important international political capitals and a leading business node in Europe. European institutions, international organisations, headquarters and subsidiaries of transnational corporations are increasingly locating themselves in Brussels. Simultaneously there has been an influx of transnational professionals working in the international sector. This research shows that with the internationalisation of Brussels there has been concomitant economic restructuring with the emergence of an advanced service economy. The labour market has become polarised between those who have jobs and those who do not. Brussels has also experienced a spatial and socio-economic polarisation along ethnic lines. The thesis explores the connections between these changes and Brussels' international role. Drawing on the world / global city thesis of Saskia Sassen and John Friedmann, a theoretical framework is developed to analyse this. One of the important results of this study is that the world / global city thesis needs to be complemented with a thorough analysis of the place: the political and historical context, and also the role of the local agents, to enable an explanation of the observed development. The interplay between global and local processes needs to be clarified. It is also argued that to properly understand cities with an international role like Brussels, we need to know why international agents locate there. Michael Storper's concepts of 'economic reflexivity' and 'territorial specificities' are used to analyse the rise of Brussels into a reflexive world city - a city vibrating with specific knowledge, produced through inter alia social interaction and critical reflection, that some transnational agents find extremely vital to tap into.

The availability and scale of user generated data in online systems raises tremendous challenges and opportunities to analytic study of human activities. Effective modeling of online human activities is not only fundamental to the understanding of human behavior, but also important to the online industry. This thesis focuses on developing models and algorithms to predict human activities in online systems and to improve the algorithmic design of personalized/socialized systems (e.g., recommendation, advertising, Web search systems). We are particularly interested in three types of online user activities, i.e., decision making, social interactions and user-generated contents. Centered around these activities, the thesis focuses on three challenging topics: 1. Behavior prediction, i.e., predicting users' online decisions. We present Collaborative-Competitive Filtering, a novel game-theoretic framework for predicting users' online decision making behavior and leverage the knowledge to optimize the design of online systems (e.g., recommendation systems) in respect of certain strategic goals (e.g., sales revenue, consumption diversity). 2. Social contagion, i.e., modeling the interplay between social interactions and individual behavior of decision making. We establish the joint Friendship-Interest Propagation model and the Behavior-Relation Interplay model, a series of statistical approaches to characterize the behavior of individual user's decision making, the interactions among socially connected users, and the interplay between these two activities. These techniques are demonstrated by applications to social behavior targeting. 3. Content mining, i.e., understanding user generated contents. We propose the Topic-Adapted Latent Dirichlet Allocation model, a probabilistic model for identifying a user's hidden cognitive aspects (e.g., knowledgability) from the texts created by the user. The model is successfully applied to address the challenge of ``language gap" in medical information retrieval.

This thesis considers the translation of Dutch and Flemish picture books into Swedish from 1995 to 2006. The main aim of the thesis is to study what meaning the notion translation takes on where picture books are concerned and how the translation practice for picture books is influenced by international co-productions. The thesis includes a bibliographical study and a larger case study of the Dutch picture book artist Dick Bruna and his internationally renowned picture books about the rabbit Miffy in Swedish translation. Working within the theoretical frame of descriptive translation studies (DTS), I describe and analyse picture book translation as a phenomenon and a practice that occurs at a certain moment in time in a certain sociocultural context. Using the model of Toury (1995), I study translation norms governing the selection and translation of Dutch and Flemish picture books and of Bruna’s picture books about Miffy in particular. Toury’s model is largely designed for the analysis of written texts. As picture book texts combine both verbal and visual modes of expression, I use multimodal analysis combining the social semiotic visual grammar of Kress &amp; van Leeuwen (2006) with systemic functional linguistics (SFL) as a tool to analyse the translation of picture book texts. By combining DTS and SFL, I study translation as a cultural and social semiotic practice. The analyses in the thesis indicate that picture book translation can be characterised as an international, target culture-oriented and multimodal translation practice. The multimodal translation analysis shows that, while translated picture books have the same images as their source text due to co-production, images can be combined with different social meanings, as for instance images of children and interaction with the reader, expressed in the written text. Images can also assume different meaning potentials and also referential interplay and plausible reading paths between words and images can change.