Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv, utforska hur några professionella musiker upplever att de går till väga under sina instuderingsprocesser. För att belysa detta tar arbetet avstamp i följande forskningsfråga: Vilka övningsstrategier beskriver några professionella musiker att de använder sig av när de tillägnar sig ett för dem nytt material? För att uppnå syfte och forskningsfråga har tre kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med tre professionella musiker. I resultatet framkommer en rad olika strategier vilka sorterats in i fem meningsenheter: Dagliga tekniska övningsstrategier, Noggranna förberedelser, Tidsplanering, Övriga strategier och Strävan efter utveckling. I diskussionen sätts dessa strategier i relation till bakgrundslitteratur och forskning samt till fenomenologi. / Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv, utforska hur några professionella musiker upplever att de går till väga under sina instuderingsprocesser. För att belysa detta tar arbetet avstamp i följande forskningsfråga: Vilka övningsstrategier beskriver några professionella musiker att de använder sig av när de tillägnar sig ett för dem nytt material? För att uppnå syfte och forskningsfråga har tre kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med tre professionella musiker. I resultatet framkommer en rad olika strategier vilka sorterats in i fem meningsenheter: Dagliga tekniska övningsstrategier, Noggranna förberedelser, Tidsplanering, Övriga strategier och Strävan efter utveckling. I diskussionen sätts dessa strategier i relation till bakgrundslitteratur och forskning samt till fenomenologi.

This thesis examines Instagram users and how they create an identity, and their interaction with other users. The aim of this study is to understand what we do with Instagram and what Instagram does with us in our everyday lives, and what the effects of the medium entails. This thesis is based on theories of identity, hyper- reality and effects of the development of social media. The method used in this study is qualitative focus group interviews with five women and five men, where the answers are transcribed and analyzed to gain an understanding of the effects and the impact of Instagram in their lives. We chose to interview both men and women, and therefore we have also had the gender issue in mind, but it has not been the main focus of this study. The results we reached in this study is that Instagram is mainly used to keep updated and that the medium provides both positive and negative effects. We also discovered that individuals are not one hundred percent themselves on Instagram. The conclusion we can draw is that people play different roles on Instagram of different purposes, and that we live in a hyper- reality that brings both good and bad. We can also conclude that even though people today have the power to present themselves in the way they want to, we see tendencies that gender representation is present in a stereotypical way.

The economic, demographic and social changes of the latter half of the C20th have influenced the experience of individuals now at 'midlife'. Arguably the impact of these changes has been more profound for women; specifically in the UK for those educated to be the wives, mothers and carers of industrial Britain (Newsom, 1963). Now around 50 years old this group of women are likely to experience a lengthy period of 'postmaternity' (Sheriff and Weatherall, 2009) extending to over thirty years in many cases. This research considers the experience of this metaphorically entitled 'telescopic' cohort (Goldstein and Schlag, 1999). The major corpus of age related research assumes a linear developmental progression of life stages (Erikson, 1951, 1968; Gould, 1978; Levinson, 1978; Levinson, 1996; Klohnen et al., 1996; Miner-Rubinio, 2004). Drawing on life course theory (Elder, 1995; Runyan, 1982; Super, 1980) enables this research to explore how women may have changed assumptions about themselves and their expectations as the social world has changed around them, moreover offers an alternative to the essentialist, linear, deterministic models of ageing. This feminist poststructuralist examination of the experience of women at 'midlife' is divided into two parts; firstly the 'lived life' which examines demographic changes, and drawing on material from 'Jackie' magazine, considers discourses of femininity and the expectations for, and of, girls. The 'told story' is then explored using narrative interview material. How women 'story' their lives and their understanding of 'self' at midlife is examined within the context of the changing world and their ageing bodies. The research revealed that the experience of 'midlife' for this cohort of women is narrated as a time of change in social circumstances with some 'gains' and some 'losses', however it is not storied as a time of inevitable 'crisis'. Moreover despite the plethora of literature portraying the menopause as problematic, this was not supported by the interview material.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Title: Watching eyes – for better or worse (Vakande ögon – på gott eller ont?)</p><p>Number of pages: 34 (41 including enclosures)</p><p>Author: Josefine Nyberg</p><p>Tutor: Göran Svensson</p><p>Course: Media and Communication Studies C</p><p>Period: Autumn term 2007</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University.</p><p>Purpose/Aim: The aim of this essay is partly to make a study about how people understand camera supervise, and partly discuss what their opinions are concering the subject.</p><p>Key Questions: Which or what is the mainpurpose of camerasurveillance? What does the public think about the subject? When can there be an insult against the integrity while using the cameras? What is private and what is public? What is the posibilities and threats in the future?</p><p>Material/Method: A qualitative method has been used. Four interviewes, one personale interview with a policeofficer from Uppsala and three focusgroupinterviwes with people from Stockholm, have been done. Then the results from the interviewes have been compared with earlier theories and reaserches. By reading publicdocuments, press releases and reports from the government, I have gather information for the essay.</p><p>Main results: Even if the public are aware of the cameras and knows that they allmoust allways are whatched by the electronic eye, they don´t seem to care that much about the constant surveillance. Even if they observe the cameras at first they quickly forget about them. The cameras real purpose is working fairly good, even if the public thinks that thecameras should obstruct all the crimes. Allthough the cameras are preventing manycrimes and discourage people from committing minor crime, just by its appearance.</p><p>Keywords: Attitudes, opinions, interviews, Panopticon, public, camera supervise, privacy and public.</p>

<p>Kalmar Municipality has in 2008-2010 made an effort to educate managers on gender, with the goal of mainstreaming gender into public activities so that all citizens should feel safe in that treatment and services are designed and resources are distributed equally to both sexes living conditions and needs. The overall aim of this study was to examine whether the training effort has paid off, and how gender mainstreaming has been implemented in the different activities. We have used a qualitative approach, which we examined through interviews managers' approach to gender equality.</p><p>Gender was generally described as an important issue of all respondents, and all were working to mainstream gender into their activities and workplaces. The results show that the operational and management needed clearer directives and strategies in their efforts to promote gender equality. Education was necessary because personal definition of gender may differ from the control contents of the documents. We found that many respondents saw the barrier of time, but also difficulties in changing attitudes and preferences of employees. As a result, we realized that the problem was bigger than that, when society is ruled by norms and values. After analysis of empirical data, we concluded that gender mainstreaming is a difficult subject, and it demands hard work, efforts and resources.</p>

<p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p></p><p><p><strong><p>Sammanfattning</p></strong><p>Syftet med denna uppsats var att belysa hur fenomenet friskvård på en arbetsplats uppfattas av enskilda individer och vilken betydelse det kan få med avseende på såväl hälsan som välbefinnandet i stort. Utifrån denna fråga ville vi även se om det fanns skillnader i upplevelser av friskvård i de olika yrkeskategorierna från arbetsledning till arbetstagare. Inställningen till friskvård som prevention på en arbetsplats och vardagsmotion för den enskilde individen är individuell. En del människor varken vill eller tror sig kunna utöva friskvård och håller sig friska ändå. Den empiriska undersökningen bygger på kvalitativ metod. Vi har genomfört en intervjuundersökning med sju intervjupersoner från olika yrkeskategorier vilka har bidragit med sina tankar kring friskvården. Vi har använt oss av Antonovsky teori KASAM. Intervjuerna har tolkats enligt hermeneutiska principer. Resultaten visar bland annat att friskvård är betydelsefull på många sätt för medarbetare. Friskvård handlar om så mycket mer än fysisk aktivitet.</p><em><em><p> </p></em><em><p> </p></em><p> </p></em> </p></p>

Exurbanization is occurring where large tracts of land are being sold to developers. Typically these are ranches that are then divided into 40-acre parcels and sold by developers, avoiding subdivision regulations requiring paved streets, utilities and other amenities. The result is an unplanned subdivision with no infrastructure, and tax revenues that cannot offset the cost of providing it. Interviews with professional planners suggested there may be independent variables capable of predicting the amount of human disturbance in an exurban area: parcel size, full cash value, tenure, distance to paved roads, site-built housing, mobile homes, and presence of biological or riparian areas. A total of 7,465 acres (3,022 ha) of parcel disturbance were digitized in exurban Arivaca, acreage values were converted to a binary dependent variable and used in logistic regression analysis to test independent variables' predictive value. Four were statistically significant: parcel size, full cash value, mobile homes and site-built housing. Landscape fragmentation was also tested using the presence of the variable scoring highest in probability - site-built housing. Zones of influence with a negative ecological influence surrounded the homes - up to 5,055 acres (2,046 ha) were impacted. Interviews with an exemplary sample of residents regarding their land use ethic found all had very strong opinions on how their properties should be treated as well as undesirable land uses such as overgrazing, over-use of groundwater for short-term economic gain and use of off-road vehicles. An explanation of the small sample size of both planners and residents is warranted. Planners were limited to those working in Pima County government who had professional experience with the study area of Arivaca and were familiar with its particular situation. The number of Arivaca residents interviewed was intended to discern an exemplary group's opinions based on how large a parcel they owned, the various sizes being a typical cross-section of acreage in the study area. What these findings illustrate is (1) the difficulty of predicting human-induced disturbance, (2) land fragmentation is more than the actual areas of physical disturbance and (3) some residents are aware of impacts related to their activities, mitigating damage wherever possible.

The proposed study explores the cognitive miser approach to perception formation in job interviews, as well as factors that may motivate people to not act as cognitive misers. Personality type (introverted and extraverted) and gender are characteristics of people that are associated with many stereotypes (Heilman, 2001; Andersen & Klatzky, 1987), and can have a large influence on an employer’s perception of an applicant, particularly when the employer is acting as a cognitive miser. It is hypothesized that in longer interviews, employers will be motivated to not act as cognitive misers, because they have more information about the applicant, have more of an opportunity to disconfirm any biases they may hold about the applicant, and experience greater liking toward the applicant. To test this, participants will conduct interviews with job applicants (who are actually confederates) and rate their perceptions of the applicants’ expected job performance. Participants will either conduct a long or short interview with a male introvert, a female introvert, a male extravert, or a female extravert. Job applicants will provide participants with the same information, although the information about personality type and the amount of information given will depend on the condition. It is predicted that participants who conduct shorter interviews will rate the applicants in line with popular stereotypes that favor extraverts over introverts, and males over females. Conversely, participants in longer interviews will be motivated to thoroughly think through their evaluations of the applicants, and there will be no significant difference in their ratings of male extraverts, female extraverts, male introverts, and female introverts.

Divorce has long been described as one of the most stressful experiences that any human being can ever experience. The process of divorce implies numerous sudden and highly stressful changes to any individual affected by it, including children. The literature review of the present study revealed valuable insight regarding the effects of divorce, in particular on children. The studies among them which were found to have identified some of the more detrimental implications of divorce for children in particular, included the studies by Jonsson, Njardvik, Olafsdottir and Gretarsson (2000); Eldar-Avidan, Haj-Yahia and Greenbaum (2009); and Yu, Pettit, Lansford, Dodge and Bates (2010). Despite numerous research studies having been done on the phenomena of divorce both in South Africa and globally, it appears that the majority of these studies mostly focused on its detrimental implications for both children and adults. Few of these studies were found to have focused on possible optimal implications or on effective coping with divorce. Some studies that were found to have touched on the potential optimal effects of parental divorce included the studies by Mullis, Mullis, Schwartz, Pease and Shriner (2007); Graff-Reed (N.D.); and Spalding and Pretorius (2001). One particularly influential study that was, however, identified to have been done on the phenomena of coping with parental divorce, was conducted by Roux (2007) who focused specifically on children’s coping with parental divorce. This study focused exclusively on children and involved interviews with children themselves at the time of their parents’ divorce. No research could be identified on how young adults in South Africa had attempted to cope with their parents’ divorce during their childhood and/or adolescent years. This determination led to an attempt to fill this apparent void in the literature and expand on the study that had been conducted by Roux (2007) by completing the present study. The focus of the present study subsequently fell on how young adults had coped with the divorce of their parents during their childhood and/or adolescent years. The aims of the present study were: * To investigate and obtain a clearer understanding of young adults’ coping with divorce during their childhood and/or adolescent years. * To determine if there were factors that played a role in coping with parental divorce. * To determine what recommendations could be made to the parents of children undergoing divorce. * To determine what recommendations could be made to children while undergoing parental divorce. The research questions that were included in the present study for the aforementioned purpose included the following: * How did young adults cope with the divorce of their parents during their childhood and/or adolescent years? * Were there factors that played a role in their coping and if so what were the factors? * What would they recommend to the parents of children during and after divorce? * What would they recommend to children during and after parental divorce? Semi-structured retrospective interviews were conducted with 15 participants in the completion of the present study. Each of these interviews where transcribed and the relevant data were analysed from these transcriptions by firstly reading of the protocols, followed by dividing them into natural meaning units (NMUs), performing linguistic transformation, integrating the NMUs with related themes, synthesising the data and developing a general description before it was finally documented and published. Selection of the participants was made by means of snowball sampling, as young adults nominated acquaintances whom they believed may also be willing to participate in the research (Whitley, 2002). The value of the present study was that it expanded the knowledge base regarding young adults’ coping with parental divorce during their childhood and/or adolescent years. It also culminated in the creation of a set of recommendations for both children and adults that would promote effective coping among them with parental divorce. It is hoped that these insights and recommendations will enable psychologists, social workers, counsellors, health care practitioners and/or any other individual/s involved with assisting families during divorce, to cope more effectively with this event. It is also hoped that further future research and follow-up studies into this particularly relevant and far reaching phenomenon will continue to be conducted by other researchers both in South Africa and abroad. / PhD (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

I denna kvalitativa intervjustudie belyses lärares syn på bemötande av elever inom musik- och kulturskolor. Syftet är att visa hur tre lärare resonerar om fenomenet bemötandet av enskilda elever inom musik- och kulturskolan samt på vilka sätt de ser något samband mellan bemötande och elevers musikaliska kunskapsutveckling. Datamaterialet består av intervjuer med tre musiklärare från olika musikskolor i Sverige. Studien utgår från hermeneutiskt perspektiv såsom förståelse och tolkning, och resultaten visar följande tre temata: Faktorer som påverkar bemötandet i undervisningssituationen, samband mellan lärarens bemötande och elevens utveckling samt musiklärares samtal om bemötande. I sista kapitlet diskuteras bland annat lärarnas upplevelse av att inte frågan om bemötande har vidrörts under musiklärarutbildningen. / This interview study describes music teachers’ views on treatment of pupils in music education in Swedish music and arts schools. The purpose of the study is to show how three music teachers talk about treatment of pupils in music education, and its impact upon student musical learning. Data consists of interviews with three music teachers from different music schools in Sweden. The study is based on hermeneutic perspective such as understanding and interpretation, and the result show the following five themes: Factors that impact the treatment in the classroom situation, connections between teacher treatment and student progression, and music teachers’ dialogue on treatment. In the last chapter, among other things, the teachers’ experiences of not having learnt about treatment during their teacher training are discussed.