The purpose of this thesis is to analyze various aspects of quality of life and to determine if there is a difference in quality of life offered by a conventional ileostomy versus a continent ileostomy. An instrument was developed to measure several factors thought to influence quality of life as well as several structural/demographic variables. This instrument was designed for persons with a conventional ileostomy and was modified for persons who had undergone conversion surgery from conventional to continent ileostomy. Analysis of variance was performed to determine differences in quality of life for persons with a conventional, conversion, or original continent ileostomy. In addition to an overall quality of life measure, measures for specific areas: self esteem, family relationships, marriage relationships and a composite measure, were tested. No difference was detected for the three types of ileostomy for these variables. Analysis of variance was also performed on variables measuring specific aspects of life such as social activities and travel. This identified several differences in the ileostomy types which the analysis of the more general variables failed to detect. Those who had conversion surgery from conventional to continent ileostomies answered each question twice, comparing life with no ileostomy to life with a conventional, then comparing life with a conventional ileostomy to life with a continent. Three analyses were performed on the resulting data: sign test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. The use of these three tests showed differences in results concerning quality of life and differences in the statistical power of the tests. Both aspects are discussed. Significant improvement in quality of life for almost every aspect tested was seen for this group. Finally, principal component analysis was applied to the set of variables measuring specific aspects of quality of life and several new variables developed from the resulting factors. Analysis of variance was performed on these, as well as the original quality of life measures to determine which of the structural/demographic variables had an effect on quality of life.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the professional chef, the road to success as well as to highlight which factors affects success. This study incorporated both a qualitative content analysis and qualitative interviews. Consequently to broaden the understanding of the affect in success of chef’s as well as media's influence. Results show a correlation between the informants perception on what requires to succeed in becoming a great cook. Hard work, extended knowledge and high commitment. The lack of leadership skills is believed to be the highest of priority for the industry to evolve in. Pressed media turns out to have a stereotypic angle when publicating articles of both male and female cooks as well as White guide that assesses the quality of these operations. Conclusively media has a large impact on the road to success of the professional chefs and how they are portaitet to the public eye. There seems to be a great difference in how female and male chefs appears in the pressed media. Further there are indications that organisations baring the judgement and quality assurance of the restaurant industry in part with the media glorifies the industry. Lastly there are apparent flaws who needs to be adjusted in the industry to ensure more hirings and meet the market in addition to the younger generation chefs higher demands. The younger generation has an extended awareness considering their terms and conditions. To improve the industry leadership skills, hiring terms and an increase in standard and quality needs to be reconstructed.       Keywords: Cook, influence of the media, restaurant industry, white guide

Den stora konsumtionen förväntas öka i framtiden då befolkningen ökar. Livsmedelskonsumtionen står för en fjärdedel av alla utsläpp i Sverige och en del i detta finns restaurangmåltiderna. Restaurangbranschen är en konsumentstyrd marknad, där det stora utbudet av restauranger innebär att restaurangerna behöver erbjuda det konsumenterna vill ha. Fler och fler väljer att konsumera sina vardagsmåltider ute på restaurang. Trots att undersökningar visar att svenskar är väl medveten om hållbarhet finns det en stor bristande kunskap när det kommer till hållbara val på restaurang. Syfte med vårt arbete är att belysa utifrån hållbar fisk om hur olika organisationer och verksamma personer i restaurangbranschen ser på och arbetar med hållbart fiske. Målet med studien är att kunna diskutera om hur en samtid och en framtid kan ställa krav på branschen. Kvalitativa undersökningar har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer på tre krögare som är verksamma inom fiskrestauranger. En intervju har även genomförts med en anställd på MSC. Intervjuerna har både varit fysiska och per telefon. Fokus i studien har varit krögarens perspektiv och undersökningen har fokuserat på hur de upplever konsumtionen, kunskapen och framtiden inom hållbar fisk på restaurang. Studiens resultat visar att det krävs en förändring i branschen samt ett förändrat konsumentbeteende för att fisken ska förbli kvar på vår tallrik. En omställning är något som måste ske snarast då världens befolkning blir allt större och pressen på haven ökar i samma takt. Idag utvecklas och diskuteras nya fiskemetoder för att undvika att hamna i en negativ spiral av utfiske. Dels försöker länder tillsammans politiskt sätta upp bestämmelser och regler, dels jobbar MSC och liknade organisationer med att utveckla nya verktyg och övervaka fisket ute till havs.  På grund av en pågående samhällsdebatt och exponering i media blir konsumenten mer medveten om hållbarhet och hotade fiskarter. Något som tidigare inte fanns tillgänglig i samma utsträckning. Tack vare ny tillgänglighet av information med både spårbarhet av fisket och kunskap inom branschen, vill fler krögare välja certifierad fisk och välja bort hotade arter. Detta är något som visar sig i intervjuerna där samtliga valt bort att arbeta med hotad fisk och det finns en förhoppning om att konsumenterna ska ställa högre krav i framtiden. Konsumenterna tillsammans med krögare har en gemensam roll i att driva utvecklingen mot en mer hållbar framtid. / The large consumption is expected to increase largely due to an increase of the population on earth. The food consumption stands for a 25 % of the emissions in Sweden and the restaurant visits contribute to this. The restaurant industry is a consumer-driven market, where the large range of restaurants make the restaurants dependent to offer something the costumer wants. More people are eating their everyday meals at restaurants. Even though surveys show that Swedish people are well aware about sustainability, there is a lack of knownledge garding sustainabe choices at restaurants.  The purpose of this study is to examine how restauranteurs at fish-restaurants sees their own contribution, along with the costumers, and other organisations contribution, in promoting sustainable fishing. Qualitative studies have been carried out with the help of semi-structured interviews with three restaurateurs who are active in fish restaurants. An interview with a MSC employee has also been conducted. The interviews have been conducted both physically and via telephone. The focus of the study has been the restauranteur's perspective on how they experience consumption, knowledge and the future in sustainable fish at a restaurant. Everyone who participated in the study believes that a change in the industry and a changed consumer behavior are required for the fish to remain on our plate. A changeover is inevitable since the world's population is growing and the human pressures on the oceans increase at the same rate. Globally, the development of new fishing methods are on-going to avoid ending up in the negative spiral of depleted oceans. Firstly, countries are trying to agree on politics and to set up rules and regulations, and secondly, organisations such as MSC are working with developing new tools and monitor the fishing offshore. Due to an ongoing social debate and exposure in the media, consumers become more aware of sustainability and endangered fish species. Something that was not previously available to the same extent. Because of new availability of information with both traceability of fishing and knowledge in the industry, more restaurateurs want to choose certified fish and opt out of endangered species. This is also something shown in the interviews where the restauranteurs has opted out of working with endangered fish and there is hope that consumers will have higher demands for sustainable options in the future. Consumers and restauranteurs have a common goal to work towards a more sustainable future.

Uppsatsen är en multi metodstudie där avsikten är att undersöka om filmdokumentation, tematisk analys och tidsgeografi kan användas som verktyg för att studera hantverk inom gastronomi och i detta fall specifikt en kocks hantverk. Syftet var att ta fram ett recept på görandet, hur steka kött. Aktiviteten genomfördes på forskningsrestaurang vid Umeå Universitet och dokumenterades med filmmetod. Filmmaterialet analyserades med tematisk analys och resultatet fördes in i ett tidsgeografiskt diagram. Kockens förkunskaper användes för att kunna säkerställa trovärdigheten vid analysen. Tidsgeografiska diagrammet gav en visuell bild av tids och rumsanvändningen hos kocken. Det tidsgeografiska diagrammet visar på ett antal aktiviteter som upprepas ett stort antal gånger och vi kan tydligt se likheter men också skillnader där hantverkaren måste använda sin kunskap för att justera sitt hantverk efter det förändrade förutsättningarna. Resultatet visar på tre typer av hantverk, sensoriskt, reflekterande och fysiskt hantverk som används i en komplex variation genom hela aktiviteten. Resultatet visar på att metoderna kan användas för att studera hantverk och att tidsgeografi som synsätt kan ge ett visuellt sätt att beskriva hantverket och som i sin tur kan användas som ett recept. / This thesis, is based on a multi-method study to test if film documentation, thematic analysis and time geography can be used to study crafts within gastronomy and in this case culinary arts. The aim was to develop a recipe on making and how to prepare meat. The activity was performed in the research restaurant at Umeå university School of Restaurant and Culinary Arts and was documented with film method. The film material was analyzed with thematic analysis and the results were also expressed in a time geography graph. The chef’s pre-understanding was used when data was analyzed. Time geography gave a visual picture of the usage of time in space by the chef and the graph shows the activities that repeat them self a large amount of times. We can see similarities but also differences were craftsmen have to use their knowledge in order to adjust their activities after the changing circumstances in the environment. The result show three types of crafts, sensory, reflective and physical craft which are used in a complex variation. In conclusion this study shows that the methods can be used to study crafts and time geography as an approach can give a visual picture of the complexity of craft. The study shows also that time geography is helpful to create a recipe.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-07T18:09:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ImagensSiMundo.pdf: 3095289 bytes, checksum: f237966c38cb93b1f7fab1188175bedd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-12T16:57:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ImagensSiMundo.pdf: 3095289 bytes, checksum: f237966c38cb93b1f7fab1188175bedd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-12T16:57:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ImagensSiMundo.pdf: 3095289 bytes, checksum: f237966c38cb93b1f7fab1188175bedd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Paul de Kock est considéré un écrivain populaire et de raisonnable importance du XIXe siècle français. À partir de cette banalité, cette thèse a cherché à enquêter sur la façon dont Paul de Kock lui-même et ses biographes lui définissaient comme un écrivain et, d'autre part, de déterminer si les aspects matériaux et éditoriaux des exemplaires de ses oeuvres existants à la collection du Grêmio Literário Português do Pará [Guilde Littéraire Portugais du Pará] peut dire quelque chose sur le lectorat supposé, auquel ses oeuvres étaient destinées. Ainsi, dans le premier chapitre on a analysé les biographies et les autobiographies de l'écrivain, en essayant de vérifier ce qui aurait été la représentation de l'écrivain Paul de Kock élaborée à sa propre époque. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous analysons les caractéristiques éditoriaux des exemplaires des oeuvres du Grêmio Literário Português do Pará, avec le but de réaliser une cartographie des intermédiaires de la littérature - éditeurs, compositeurs et interprètes - qui participent à la production des romans de l'auteur. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous analysons les particularités du matérial appui d'une partie de ces questions, afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure les formats dans lesquels les oeuvres de l'écrivain ont étés distribués peuvent donner des indices sur la représentation des éditeurs au sujet de son lectorat probable, tout en étant indicatif de l'état de l'auteur dans le domaine de la littérature. / Paul de Kock é considerado um escritor popular e de segunda monta do século XIX francês. Partindo desse lugar comum, a presente dissertação pretendeu investigar como o próprio Paul de Kock e seus biógrafos o definiam enquanto escritor e, por outro lado, averiguar se os aspectos editoriais e materiais dos exemplares de suas obras presentes no acervo do Grêmio Literário Português do Pará podem dizer algo a respeito do suposto público leitor ao qual suas obras se destinavam. Assim, no primeiro capítulo foram analisadas as biografias e autobiografia do escritor, buscando verificar qual teria sido a representação do escritor Paul de Kock elaborada em sua própria época. No segundo capítulo foram analisadas as características editoriais dos exemplares das obras do romancista francês presentes no Grêmio Literário Português do Pará, de modo a realizar um mapeamento dos intermediários da literatura - editores, tipógrafos e tradutores - envolvidos no processo de publicação dos romances do autor. No último capítulo procuramos analisar as particularidades do suporte material de parcela dessas edições, com o intuito de compreender até que ponto os formatos nos quais as obras do escritor circularam podem dar pistas sobre a representação dos editores acerca de seu provável público leitor, bem como ser indicativos do estatuto do escritor no interior do campo literário.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-03-14T14:44:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Duanne Alves da Silva - 2014.pdf: 5519082 bytes, checksum: a47db26d63335bf590471f30a00f9a2b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-14T15:34:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Duanne Alves da Silva - 2014.pdf: 5519082 bytes, checksum: a47db26d63335bf590471f30a00f9a2b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T15:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Duanne Alves da Silva - 2014.pdf: 5519082 bytes, checksum: a47db26d63335bf590471f30a00f9a2b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / sem resumo em língua estrangeira. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade da enzima Rv0800 (DAP) do Mycobacterium tuberculosis como componente de vacina de subunidade proteica em dois sistemas de adjuvantes derivados de plantas. Para tanto, foi feita a produção heteróloga da enzima Rv0800 em E. coli e sua expressão pelo Mtb foi confirmada. A proteína recombinante obtida (rDAP) foi avaliada como vacina primeiramente associada ao Cn-AMP1, um peptídeo antimicrobiano proveniente da água de coco, e em outro experimento, associada ao ADVAXTM, um adjuvante polissacarídico derivado da delta inulina e foram usadas para vacinar camundongos BALB/c. As vacinas DAPC e DAPVAX induziram anticorpos IgG1 e IgG2a específicos. A vacina DAPC gerou resposta imune celular de linfócitos TCD4+ e TCD8+ produtores de IFN-γ+ antes e depois do desafio com Mtb, e quando combinada com a vacina BCG melhorou a resposta induzida por esta. Contudo, apesar de as vacinas terem induzido resposta imune específica no modelo estudado, após a infecção foram geradas extensas lesões pulmonares e não houve diminuição da carga bacilar nos pulmões. Neste projeto foram desenvolvidas novas vacinas de subunidade proteica compostas por uma enzima do Mycobacterium tuberculosis associada a adjuvantes derivados de plantas, nunca testados no modelo murino de infecção e que se mostraram imunogênicas, mas não conferiram proteção.

Förskolans organisation och praxis att involvera kocken på förskolan i specialpedagogiskt arbete kring barn i behov av särskilt stöd i kostrelaterade frågor, beskrivs i denna kvalitativa intervjustudie. Detta genom åtta förskolkockars uttalanden. Kockarna verksamma i förskolan i tre olika kommuner, har genom semistrukturerade intervjuer berättat om sina uppfattningar av hur de tolkar begreppet barn i behov av särskilt stöd i kostrelaterade frågor, samt hur kocken görs delaktig i arbetet med detta. Vidare framgår i studien hur och med vilka ett samarbete eller samverkan sker kring dessa barn där även kocken inkluderas, samt kockars beskrivningar av deras faktiska arbete med barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Intervjuerna har kompletterats med observationer, fältanteckningar och insamlade lokala dokument på fyra förskolor i en kommun. Intervjuerna har efter transkribering analyserats med influens av tematisk analys.Studien åskådliggör att kockarna saknar gemensamma språkliga specialpedagogiska begrepp och att vissa motsättningar kan finnas i olika perspektiv, teorier och yrkesgrupper. Informella och otydliga rutiner i kombination med otillräcklig och ensidig informationsöverföring gör kockarna delvis delaktiga i arbetet. Avsaknad kring uppföljning och utvärdering av kockarnas arbete med barnen framträder liksom att de som yrkesgrupp inte involveras med sina specifika kunskaper ur en mer förtätad aspekt. Nära relationer med barnen och känslomässigt engagerade kockar exemplifieras och fler kockar förstås skapa egna informationsstrategier och rutiner kring barn i behov av stöd i kostrelaterade frågor. Kockens arbete förstås mer ofta ur ett omsorgsperspektiv och en tydlig önskan hos flertalet kockar finns i att arbeta mer pedagogiskt tillsammans med pedagoger.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-21T16:01:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Belo Esteves Filho.pdf: 564769 bytes, checksum: 5fa5b6739b0d8ac06a2e177101cc0daf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T16:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Belo Esteves Filho.pdf: 564769 bytes, checksum: 5fa5b6739b0d8ac06a2e177101cc0daf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work studied the lethal and sublethal effects, repellency, toxicity and residual effects of natural and synthetic acaricides on the two spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Kock (Acari: Tetranychidae), and its predator, Phytoseiulus macropilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). The synthetic acaricides fenpropathrin, chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron, abamectin and spiromesifen and the botanicals oils of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Azadirachtin 1% and Azadirachtin A/B, Jatropha curcas L. (Euphobiacea) and Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiacea) were tested. Based on LC50s e LC90s, spiromesifen was the most toxic to female mites and J. curcas to T. urticae eggs. To P. macropilis, the acaricides that caused more adverse effects were spiromesifen, J. curcas and Azadirachtin 1%. Oil of J. curcas used at sublethal concentrations was the only able to extinguish the population of T. urticae. Spiromesifen, R. communis and Azadirachtin A/B affected negatively the growth population of the two spotted spider mite. Population of P. macropilis exposed to spiromesifen, oil of J. curcas, and Azadirachtin 1% trended to extinction. However, when exposed to oil of R. communis and Azadiracthin A/B continued to grow. All acaricides tested, except oil of R. communis, were repellent to T. urticae females and affected oviposition of T. urticae. The treatment with oil of R. communis, J. curcas, and Azadiracthin 1% were repellent to the predatory female mites and affected its oviposition. The residual effect of fenpropathrin, chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron, and abamectin caused mortality to T. urticae female over 90% up to the fourth evaluation. Fenpropathrin, diafenthiuron, abamectin, and spiromesifen caused reduction on female fecundity. The natural products tested were efficacious to two spotted spider mite adults only during the first evaluation. All tested acaricides exhibited efficacious control of T. urticae, but among the tested products the Azadiracthin A/B produced promising results to mite control in cotton ecosystem and was less harmful to the predatory mite. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos letais e subletais, repelência, toxicidade e efeito residual de acaricidas sintéticos e produtos naturais sobre Tetranychus urticae Kock (Acari: Tetranychidae) e Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Os acaricidas fenpropatrina, clorfenapir, diafentiurom, abamectina e espiromesifeno e os óleos emulsionáveis de nim, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) (Azadiractina 1% e Azadiractina A/B), Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) e Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae) foram estudados. De acordo com as CLs50 e CLs90, espiromesifeno foi o mais tóxico para fêmeas, e J. curcas para ovos de T. urticae. Os acaricidas que causaram maior efeito adverso para P. macropilis, foram espiromesifeno, J. curcas e Azadiractina 1%. Espiromesifeno foi o único acaricida nocivo para P. macropilis. Quando testados em concentrações subletais, J. curcas foi o único capaz de extinguir a população de T. urticae. Espiromesifeno, R. communis e Azadiractina A/B afetaram, negativamente, o crescimento populacional da praga. A população de P. macropilis, quando exposta a espiromesifeno, J. curcas e Azadiractina 1%, tendeu à extinção. Porém, quando exposta a R. communis e Azadiractina A/B continuou crescendo. Todos os acaricidas, com exceção de R. communis, repeliram fêmeas e postura de T. urticae. Para o predador, R. communis, J. curcas e Azadiractina 1% também repeliram fêmeas e postura. Espiromesifeno e Azadiractina A/B repeliram apenas postura. Em relação à eficiência residual, fenpropatrina, clorfenapir, diafetiurom e abamectina, causaram mortalidade de fêmeas adultas de T. urticae superior a 98% até a quarta avaliação. Fepropatrina, diafentiurom, abamectina e espiromesifeno foram os que mais reduziram a fecundidade. Os produtos naturais foram eficientes para adultos, apenas na primeira avaliação, enquanto a redução de postura variou. Todos os acaricidas testados foram eficientes no controle de T. urticae, entretanto, Azadiractina A/B foi o mais promissor para o seu manejo no agroecossistema algodoeiro, pois, foi o menos nocivo para o predador.