In recent years, deep neural network models have shown to outperform many state of the art algorithms. The reason for this is, unsupervised pretraining with multi-layered deep neural networks have shown to learn better features, which further improves many supervised tasks. These models not only automate the feature extraction process but also provide with robust features for various machine learning tasks. But the unsupervised pretraining and feature extraction using multi-layered networks are restricted only to the input features and not to the output. The performance of many supervised learning algorithms (or models) depends on how well the output dependencies are handled by these algorithms [Dembczy´nski et al., 2012]. Adapting the standard neural networks to handle these output dependencies for any specific type of problem has been an active area of research [Zhang and Zhou, 2006, Ribeiro et al., 2012]. On the other hand, inference into multimodal data is considered as a difficult problem in machine learning and recently ‘deep multimodal neural networks’ have shown significant results [Ngiam et al., 2011, Srivastava and Salakhutdinov, 2012]. Several problems like classification with complete or missing modality data, generating the missing modality etc., are shown to perform very well with these models. In this work, we consider three nontrivial supervised learning tasks (i) multi-class classification (MCC), (ii) multi-label classification (MLC) and (iii) label ranking (LR), mentioned in the order of increasing complexity of the output. While multi-class classification deals with predicting one class for every instance, multi-label classification deals with predicting more than one classes for every instance and label ranking deals with assigning a rank to each label for every instance. All the work in this field is associated around formulating new error functions that can force network to identify the output dependencies. Aim of our work is to adapt neural network to implicitly handle the feature extraction (dependencies) for output in the network structure, removing the need of hand crafted error functions. We show that the multimodal deep architectures can be adapted for these type of problems (or data) by considering labels as one of the modalities. This also brings unsupervised pretraining to the output along with the input. We show that these models can not only outperform standard deep neural networks, but also outperform standard adaptations of neural networks for individual domains under various metrics over several data sets considered by us. We can observe that the performance of our models over other models improves even more as the complexity of the output/ problem increases.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5279.pdf: 943153 bytes, checksum: c93bebc87973507d387f3b809ef7e18d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-27 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Research shows that children with visual handicap may develop isolation and other difficulties in social interactions, which may disrupt the process of inclusion in school. The theoretical and practical field of social skills shows that such interactions can be classified as pro- and noninclusive behaviors. Also, the frequency of such behaviors depend on the interactions (or lack thereof) between teacher and student, which are usually established by the teacher. There is currently a lack of observational studies in social skills and social competence. Thus, it is important to examine the social interaction of blind children in the school environment -- in particular using direct observation, since this method provides important data to perform a functional evaluation of pro- and noninclusive behaviors that will identify conditions that are both favorable and unfavorable to the process of inclusion. Direct observation was complemented by reports from parents and teachers, as well as self-reports and sociometric evaluations. This study aimed to: (1) Functionally describe the pro- and noninclusive social performances of two blind children in interaction with their peers and teachers in terms of antecedents and consequences; (2) Define, through measuring scales: the social skills repertoire, behavior problems, academic competence, and the sociometric status of included children; (3) Link pro- and noninclusive behaviors to social skills indicators, behavior problems, and sociometric status of children. The study participants were two children, a boy and a girl, both nine years old and diagnosed with congenital blindness. Participants were enrolled in public, regular education schools, and were filmed in the classroom environment during Portuguese classes and free activities suggested by the researcher. The observed performances were described in terms of antecedents, responses and consequences, and the percentage of correlation between the responses and events was identified. The Social Skills Evaluation System (SSRS-BR) was used with parents and teachers, as well as with the children, to obtain information on the children's behaviors. Furthermore, the children's classmates underwent a sociometric evaluation. The analysis of data collected through direct observation of behavior indicates that around 70% of performances emitted in classroom interactions were classified as proinclusive. This information is contradictory when compared to data from SSRS-BR and from sociometric evaluation. In general, the observed children were socially competent in their social interactions at school, which does not guarantee their full inclusion in this environment. / Pesquisas apontam que crianças com deficiência visual podem apresentar isolamento e outras dificuldades de interação social que comprometem o processo de inclusão escolar. O campo teórico-prático das habilidades sociais mostra que estas podem ser caracterizadas como comportamentos pró-inclusivos ou anti-inclusivos e que a frequência de ambos depende das condições interativas de ensino, em geral dispostas pelo professor. A literatura aponta para uma carência de estudos de observação em habilidades sociais e competência social. Desta forma, é importante estudar a interação social das crianças cegas no ambiente escolar, principalmente por meio de observação direta, pois este método provê informações importantes para se efetuar uma avaliação funcional dos comportamentos pró e anti-inclusivos identificando possíveis condições favoráveis ou desfavoráveis ao processo de inclusão. A observação direta foi complementada por dados de relato obtidos com diferentes pessoas (pais, professores), auto-relato e avaliação sociométrica (colegas). Este estudo teve como objetivos: (1) Descrever funcionalmente os desempenhos sociais pró e anti-inclusivos de duas crianças cegas em interação com seus colegas e professores, em termos de seus antecedentes e consequentes; (2) Caracterizar por meio de escalas de medidas, o repertório de habilidades sociais, os problemas de comportamento, a competência acadêmica e o status sociométrico das crianças incluídas; (3) Relacionar os comportamentos pró e anti-inclusivos aos indicadores de habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamento e status sociométrico das crianças. A pesquisa foi realizada com duas crianças, ambas com nove anos de idade (um menino e uma menina), diagnosticadas com cegueira congênita e matriculadas em escolas públicas da rede regular de ensino. Utilizou-se o recurso de filmagem no ambiente da sala de aula (aulas de português e atividade livre proposta pela pesquisadora). Os desempenhos observados foram descritos, em termos de antecedentes, respostas e consequentes, identificando-se a percentagem de correlação entre as respostas e os eventos. Para a avaliação via escalas, foi utilizado o Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR), obtendo informações sobre os comportamentos das crianças por meio dos pais, professores e auto-relato. Além disso, foi realizada avaliação sociométrica pelos colegas de sala das crianças. A análise dos dados coletados com observação direta do comportamento indica que a maior parte, cerca de 70%, dos desempenhos emitidos em interação na sala de aula foram classificados como pró-inclusivos. Esse dado, quando comparado aos resultados do SSRS-BR e avaliação sociométrica, apresenta contradições, com a avaliação das professoras e concordância com a avaliação pelos pares. De maneira geral, as crianças observadas conseguem ser socialmente competentes nas suas interações sociais na escola, o que não garante a sua total inclusão nesse ambiente.

During the last decade, the Swedish Armed Forces have been struggling to achieve recruitment goals and to retain military personnel. To attract more people to join the agency, and to increase the knowledge about the agency’s role and function in society, the Swedish Armed Forces continuously run campaigns. Furthermore, the Swedish Armed Forces is a government agency with a mission that is determined by the Swedish government through government decisions. It can therefore be argued that it is important that the campaigns portray the agency’s mission in a correct and truthful way. The purpose of this study has been to investigate how the Swedish Armed Forces portray their mission in their campaign films, and to what extent it corresponds with the agency’s official mission. The research questions are thereby: (1) How is the mission of the Swedish Armed Forces portrayed in two campaign films from 2018 and 2020? (2) To what extent does the Swedish Armed Forces' communication about the agency's mission correspond with their official mission presented in the government decision? (3) Based on identified semiotic resources, and with a neo-institutional perspective on strategic communication, what type of communication has been allowed to take place in the Swedish Armed Forces' campaign films? To answer the research questions, a qualitative data analysis was conducted on a government decision constituting the overall direction of the Swedish Armed Forces, and a multimodal critical discourse analysis was conducted on two campaign films produced by the agency The results were compared, and analyzed through the lens of a neo-institutional perspective on strategic communication. In summary, it can be stated that the study finds that the Swedish Armed Forces, in the two campaign films, portray their mission in a way that greatly corresponds with their official mission as presented in the government decision.

The following essay was written in Stockholm, Sweden in the autumn of 2015 at Stockholm University. The purpose of this study is to explore the forms of multimodal communication that are used in the classroom as meaning making prompts. The study is from a multimodal and design theoretical perspective and uses the model Learning Design Sequence as a framework for collecting and analysing data. A qualitative method is being used for collecting data from video observation, from two eighth grade History classes. Video Observation and multimodal transcription produce rich data from a multimodal perspective, for seeing what modes of communication are being used. However, to observe what modes of communication functioned as meaning making prompts, other methods could be employed. The results show that speech, gesture and tone of voice are used in the foreground as modes of communication. Gaze, image, text, posture and movement can fluctuate between the background and foreground depending on their use. Social practices such as turning the lights off, or turning the overhead projector on can function as meaning making prompts, as can hand gestures such as pointing, clapping and enacting. Speech, gesture, tone of voice, movement, image and sound can all work as a meaning making prompts individually or combined together. / VAL projekt

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera de fyra senaste nordiska vinnarbidragen i Eurovision Song Contest, för att se om det föreligger återkommande mönster, normativa könsstereotyper och hur makt uttrycks i tävlingen. Genom multimodala analyser av dessa bidrag med fokus på kön och makt, kommer följande frågeställningar att besvaras: Hur ser den multimodala gestaltningen ut inom de fyra senaste nordiska vinnarbidragen i Eurovision Song Contest? Samt: Hur representeras kvinnor respektive män i de olika bidragen? Som material för analyserna har Youtube-klipp på samtliga bidrag använts, där det multimediala har analyserats genom multimodala analyser. Efter dessa analyser blir sammanfattningen att det finns återkommande mönster och könsstereotyper inom ESC, där männen ofta tilldelas makt medan kvinnor i stället är den mer försumbara. Dessa mönster och stereotyper ser vi inte givetvis vid första inblicken av ett bidrag, utan genom att göra djupare multimodala analyser. / The primary aim of this study is to examine and analyze how different media (multimedia or mixed media) in the Eurovision Song Contest work togheter when combined. The expectation is to see if there are reocurring themes and patterns in the representation of the Nordic countries in the ESC with a main focus on gender bias and authority. Four different winning entries from the Eurovision Song Contest performed by the Nordic countries have been chosen and analyzed. The thesis in this essay is that there are patterns in the representation of different countries in the ESC, and that there also may occur stereotypical gender bias. Therefore the key questions have been the following: What does the multimodal impersonation of the latest four Nordic winners in the ESC look like? And: What does the representation of men and women look like? Youtube-videos have been used as material to analyse these performances by doing multimodal analyses. This study indicates that there are occuring gender bias and stereotypes in the ESC, and also reoccuring patterns in the representation of the Nordic countries as a geographical area. We can not see this by the first glimpse, but through deeper multiodal analyses.

The interest in this empirical study aims at assessment, more precisely feedback as part of ordinary activities within hairdressing education. The study investigates feedback practices related to assessment of knowing during production, with focus on communication between student and teacher. Communication is regarded as interactively constructed and is investigated through a multimodal social semiotic perspective which implies studying verbal as well as nonverbal resources in meaning making. Speech and body movements are not subordinate to each other and are studied as contributing in communication on their own terms. Video observations were used to investigate feedback practices in the hairdressing classroom, during a couple of lessons when last year’s students received customers for various treatments. From one hour recording, a selection was made showing communication between student and teacher with joint focus of attention during production. The selection is based on the assumption of feedback as interactively constructed and represented in a multimodal way. The analysis of the feedback practice shows a multifaceted result, since each interaction between a student and a teacher is unique. Nevertheless, a recurrent pattern of feedback construction could be discerned. Three important functions of feedback were distinguished, that of control, instruction and evaluation. Furthermore, these functions interact in temporal processes of cycles and loops. The core of feedback practice is found within the loop, where questions and wonders from the student are brought into a joint investigation. / Baksidestext: Cykler och loopar i Salongen handlar om återkoppling i yrkesgymnasiet, närmare bestämt på hantverksprogrammets frisörutbildning. Återkoppling studeras genom videoobservationer av kommunikation mellan lärare och elev under pågående undervisning, där elever arbetar med olika hårvårdsbehandlingar på kunder. Återkoppling görs genom olika meningsskapande resurser. Det verbalspråkliga är bara en del av kommunikationen. Kroppsrörelser, blickar och olika redskap används också för att kommunicera av både elev och lärare. Mönster i form av olika återkopplingsfunktioner och cykliska processer kan urskiljas i kommunikationen mellan lärare och elev. I det cykliska uppstår ibland loopar, som utgörs av händelser där något moment blir uppmärksammat i ett gemensamt utforskande. Looparna utgår från elevens frågor och funderingar och betraktas därför som centrala i återkopplingspraktiken. Studien bidrar med beskrivningar av den dagliga klassrumskommunikationen, där bedömning och undervisning är sammanvävda förlopp. Den riktar sig till forskare och lärare inom yrkesutbildning och andra skolformer, men också till övriga läsare med intresse för bedömningsfrågor och återkopplingspraktik. Licentiatuppsatsen är skriven inom ramen för Lic-forskarskolan i yrkesämnenas didaktik. / Intresset i denna studie är riktat mot klassrumsbaserad bedömning, närmare bestämt återkoppling som en del av den dagliga undervisningen. Studien undersöker återkopplingspraktik i frisörklassrummet relaterad till bedömning av kunnande under pågående arbete, med fokus på kommunikationen mellan lärare och elev. Kommunikationen betraktas som interaktivt konstruerad och studeras ur ett multimodalt perspektiv utifrån socialsemiotisk teori. Det innebär att återkoppling studeras både verbalt i samtalsform, men även icke-verbalt i form av bland annat gester, artefakter och blickar. De betraktas i detta perspektiv som jämbördiga resurser i meningskonstruktionen. Videoobservationer har därför varit ett lämpligt sätt att undersöka återkopplingspraktik i frisörklassrummet. Detta har gjorts under några lektionspass när elever i åk. 3 hade kundmottagning. Utifrån en timmes inspelningar, har urval gjorts som visar kommunikation mellan lärare och elev med gemensamt uppmärksamhetsfokus på ett pågående arbete. Urvalet baseras på grundantagandena om återkoppling som interaktivt konstruerad och multimodalt representerad. Analysen av återkopplingspraktiken visar på ett mångfacetterat resultat eftersom varje interaktion mellan lärare och elev är unik, således också deras kommunikation. Ändå har återkopplingspraktiken visat sig vara konstruerad enligt vissa återkommande mönster. Tre centrala återkopplingsfunktioner har kunnat urskiljas: den kontrollerande, den instruerande och den värderande, utgående från handlingar som kännetecknar dem. Vidare samspelar dessa över tid i cykliska processer och loopar. I looparna tas elevens frågor och behov tillvara i ett gemensamt utforskande. De kan betraktas som själva kärnan i återkopplingspraktiken.

O principal objetivo desta tese foi avaliar o desempenho das atividades do setor de flores de corte, com relação à integração da cadeia e à competitividade no mercado externo, assim como aprimorar o entendimento das contribuições e entraves da logística para a floricultura. Para tal foi desenvolvido um modelo insumo-produto que se revelou como ferramenta importante para avaliar os impactos de alterações nos processos que fazem parte dessa cadeia de exportação. Foi realizada coleta de dados junto a agentes representativos da cadeia de flores, localizados na região de Holambra e na Grande São Paulo, relacionados a cada uma das fases associadas aos processos de exportação de gérbera e lírio, ou seja, desde a produção (A), passando pela distribuição interna via modal rodoviário (B), distribuição externa via modal aéreo (C) e distribuição externa via modal rodoviário (D). Para caracterizar situações de déficit e superávit logísticos e avaliar os impactos de falhas em cada um dos processos da cadeia de flores de corte, foram construídos cinco cenários. Na sua composição foram identificados parâmetros técnicos, principalmente relacionados à logística, que pudessem interferir na exportação de flores de corte. Os valores de três deles - número de hastes por caixa, taxa de câmbio e frete aéreo - foram alterados e combinados, constituindo 36 simulações para auxiliar na análise desses cenários. Os resultados obtidos sinalizaram para a necessidade de ajustes logísticos diferenciados em cada um dos processos, variando em função do tipo de relacionamento estabelecido entre os agentes envolvidos nas diferentes etapas. O desempenho da cadeia como um todo pode ser afetado pela falta de conhecimento sobre as características do produto exportado, que gera distorções nas informações repassadas para os agentes da cadeia. Verificou-se que as falhas ocorridas em cada etapa podem aumentar significativamente os custos e inibir as exportações em situações mais desfavoráveis do câmbio. Por outro lado, o aumento no número de hastes comercializadas por caixa representou uma alternativa para amenizar o incremento de custos ao longo da cadeia. Apesar da produção caracterizar-se como elo importante entre todas as etapas, se não forem verificadas condições mínimas para armazenamento e transporte adequados, poderão ocorrer perdas significativas no volume comercializado, com redução da competitividade desse produto no exterior e não continuidade de sua exportação no longo prazo. Assim sendo, confirmou-se que a integração da cadeia é essencial para a otimização dos processos de exportação de flores, incluindo a maximização dos resultados econômicos e financeiros relacionados a esse segmento de negócios. / The main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the performance of the cut flower sector, concerning supply chain integration and external market competitiveness, and to heighten the understanding of the contributions and obstacles of logistics to floriculture. An input-output model developed proved to be an important tool to evaluate the impact of changes in the processes involved in that exportation chain. Data were colleted from representative players of the flower chain, in the Holambra and Greater Sao Paulo regions, referring to every one of the stages associated to the gerbera and lily exportation processes, i.e., from production (A), to internal distribution by highway modal (B), to external distribution by airway modal (C) and to external distribution by highway modal (D). Five scenarios were built to analyze deficit and surplus situations and to evaluate the impact of failures occurring in each process of the cut flower chain. Technical parameters were identified in the scenarios composition, mainly related to logistics, that could interfere in the cut flower exportation. The values of three of them - number of stems by box, exchange rate and air freight - were modified and combined to create 36 simulations to support the analysis of those scenarios. The results point to the need for differentiated logistic adjusts in each process, according to the type of relationship established among the players involved in the stages. The development of the chain as a whole may be affected by lack of knowledge on the characteristics of the exported product, which causes distortions in the information forwarded to the players. It was verified that the failures occurring in each phase could increase costs and inhibit exportations in the event of unfavorable exchange rate movements. On the other hand, an increased stem number commercialized by box represented an alternative to assuage cost increases through the chain. Although production is characterized as an important link throughout all stages, unless the minimum conditions for adequate storage and transport are fulfilled, there will be significant losses in the commercialized volume, thus reducing this product competitiveness abroad and discontinuing its exportation in the long run. Therefore, it was corroborated that the integration of the chain is essential to the optimization of flower exportation, including the maximization of the economic and financial results related to this business segment.

A partir da década de 1980, passou-se a adotar um regime de transporte internacional mais condizente com a redução de custos operacionais e com a facilidade de contratação. Esse misto de operação de transporte com aspectos contratuais específicos fora denominado transporte multimodal, sendo utilizado também para o fortalecimento da integração regional em transportes no âmbito de blocos econômicos regionais. A preocupação inicial de organizações internacionais tais como a CNUCED, CNUDCI, OMI, OACI e de órgão privados internacionais tais como a CCI, ATAI, CMI foi fundamental no despertar da sociedade internacional para o papel essencial dos transportes no comércio internacional, sendo protagonista de várias modificações no cenário global. No plano regional mercosulista, essa preocupação com os temas relacionados aos transportes também foi abordado por meio do estabelecimento de regras relacionadas ao transporte multimodal de cargas, seguindo o modelo convencional estabelecido na Associação Latino-Americana de Integração, com a implementação do Acordo parcial para a facilitação do transporte multimodal nos Estados-partes do Mercosul de 1994. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma avaliação dos desafios e dos limites jurídicos estabelecidos atualmente para a consecução da eficiência da multimodalidade no Mercosul, tal como estabelecido desde o Acordo de 1994. Avaliaram-se as regras convencionais atuais relevantes para o estudo da regulamentação do transporte multimodal por meio da política de transporte; do regime jurídico do Acordo de Ministros de 1996, das regras CCI-CNUCED; dos regimes nacionais do transporte multimodal na Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai e o impacto das novas Regras de Roterdã da CNUDCI de 2009. Em seguida, passou-se à interpretação da viabilidade da aplicação da multimodalidade na conjuntura institucional atual da integração mercosulista. A relevância do presente estudo se dá por ser um instrumento de avaliação da opção pela implementação da multimodalidade no Mercosul, baseando-se em estudo de normas jurídicas sub-regionais. Como conclusão, é perceptível a falta de harmonização de regras de transporte multimodal no Mercosul, de tal maneira que a legislação mercosulista não está baseada em um regime normativo propício para a eliminação ou redução de custos da integração regional por meio da multimodalidade. / Since eighty years, economic agents have adopted an international transport regime more appropriated for operational costs reductions and facilities on contracting. This mixture of transport operation and specifics contractual aspects were named multimodal transport and were also used for strengthen regional economic integration on transports in economics regions. Some main preoccupations of international organizations e. g. UNCTAD, UNCITRAL, IMO, ICAO and international private entities e. g. ICC, IATA, IMC were fundamental to international society in playing the part of international commercial transport. In Southern Common Market regional plan this concern related to transport also was broached by establishing rules to multimodal transport as the model of Latin American Association of Integration on the Partial agreement to the facilitation of multimodal transport in Members States of Southern Common Market of 1994. The objective of this studying is to analyze challenges and legal limits established nowadays to the efficiency of multimodal transport on Southern Common Market since 1994 Agreement. It was evaluated some treaties related to multimodal transport regulation, legal regime of Ministers Agreement of 1996, ICC-UNCTAD Rules, national regimes of multimodal transport in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and the impact of new UNCITRAL Rotterdam Rules of 2009. Besides that it was evaluated the feasibility to multimodal transport in Southern Common Market integration. The main importance of this studying is to be an instrument of evaluation of the application of multimodal transport in Southern Common Market through regional legal rules. As conclusion it is perceptible the absence of harmonization on multimodal transport that prove an existence of a non propitious legal regime to eliminate or reduce regional integration costs through multimodal operations.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T13:46:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VERA LÚCIA FRANCISCO DIAS MARTINS.pdf: 2977477 bytes, checksum: 8f0a0765c02598f4ad1693513dc0f7b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T13:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VERA LÚCIA FRANCISCO DIAS MARTINS.pdf: 2977477 bytes, checksum: 8f0a0765c02598f4ad1693513dc0f7b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Based on the understanding that the Development of the Brazilian State of Goiás is directly related to availability and quality of transportation infrastructure, this research aimed at analyzing the project called Multimodal Logistics Platform of the State of Goiás, which has been under execution for more than 15 years, in order to verify whether the competitive differentials once proposed may still foster regional development, as well as to improve the State's transportation infrastructure. For this purpose, we approached the analysis of transportation policies, planning and programs promoted both by state and federal government; a survey of the State’s effectiveness index in transportation investments from 2006 to 2014, with basis on data obtained from the Goiás Transparency Portal, State Secretariat of Management and Planning, “Portal Brasil”, Program of Investment in Logistics and Mauro Borges Institute, as well as a detailed analysis of the factors listed as competitive differentials of the project was performed. This work allowed us to conclude that not only the constant project implementation delays and interferences have compromised the effectiveness of the results expected by PLMG regarding the aerial and rail transport modalities and storage services, but also the low effectiveness index of transportation infrastructure investments are factors impairing the full development of the state. / A partir do entendimento que o Desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás está diretamente ligado a disponibilidade e qualidade de infraestrutura de transporte, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o projeto, em andamento a mais de 15 anos, da Plataforma Logística Multimodal do Estado de Goiás, buscando verificar se os diferenciais competitivos propostos inicialmente podem ainda fomentar o desenvolvimento regional, bem como levantar as condições da infraestrutura de transporte do Estado. Com esse intuito, foram analisadas as políticas, planos e programas dos governos estadual e federal voltados para o setor de transporte; levantado o índice de efetividade de investimento do governo estadual neste segmento (2006 a 2014), através de dados obtidos junto ao Portal da Transparência do Estado de Goiás, Secretaria de Estado de Gestão e Planejamento de Goiás, Portal Brasil, Programa de Investimento em Logística e Instituto Mauro Borges e uma analise minuciosa da situação dos fatores elencados como diferenciais competitivos do projeto. O trabalho permitiu concluir que os constantes adiamentos e interferências na implantação do projeto comprometeram a efetividade dos resultados esperados pela PLMG, principalmente nos modais aéreo e ferroviário e nos serviços de armazenagem além do baixo índice de efetividade dos investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte, fatores que vem impedindo o pleno desenvolvimento do estado.

Dagens kvinnor blir allt mindre förlåtande och mer publika med det behandlande de får ta emot (Chamberlain, 2016), vilket vi uppmärksammat genom att allt fler influencer publicerar den kritik och de trakasserier de får ta emot online. I dagens samhälle har influencer kommit att få en allt starkare röst samt större socialt inflytande (Freberg, Graham, McGaughey & Freberg, 2011). Det är därför viktigt att analysera vilken kritik och vilka trakasserier kvinnliga influencer publicerar samt hur de bemöter den orättvisa behandlingen för att eventuellt få en uppfattning om hur influencernas agerande kan påverka till exempel deras följare.   Studien grundar sig i de feministiska teorierna cyberfeminism samt digital feminism för att ur ett feministiskt perspektiv kunna tolka hur kvinnliga influencer använder sig av Instagram för att belysa diskrimineringar. Multimodal kritisk diskursanalys (MCDA) kommer även att tillämpas som teori samt metod för att kritiskt kunna analysera influencernas bemötande.  De kvinnliga influencernas val att publicera och bemöta den kritik och de trakasserier de får ta emot kan tolkas som att de belyser och uppmärksammar olika diskrimineringar. Valet att publicera och bemöta kritiken och trakasserierna leder till att de både reproducerar men även motarbetar patriarkatet. Den typ av kritik och trakasseri som publiceras är kritik mot agerande och värdering, sexuella trakasserier, dömande kritik, kritik mot profession samt trakasseri mot utseende. Diskurserna som återspeglas i influencernas bemötande kan tolkas som att de dels skyddar sig själva och avsändaren, antar ett mer maskulint beteende samt tar tillvara på sin roll som influencer för att belysa en diskriminering för att utbilda sin publik. / Today's women are becoming less forgiving and more public with the treatment they receive (Chamberlain, 2016), which we have noticed by increasing numbers of influencers publishing the criticism and the harassment they receive online. In today's society, influencers have come to have an increasingly strong voice and greater social influence (Freberg, Graham, McGaughey & Freberg, 2011). It is therefore important to analyse what criticism and harassment female influencers publish and how they respond to unfair treatment in order to get an understanding of how influencers actions can affect, for example, their followers. The study is based on the feminist theories cyberfeminism and digital feminism in order to be able to interpret from a feminist perspective how female influencers use Instagram to highlight injustice. Multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) will also be applied as a theory and method for critically analysing influencers’ respond to criticism and harassment. The female influencers’ choice to publish and respond to the criticism and the harassment they receive is interpreted as a way in which they illuminate and draw attention to different discriminations. The choice of publishing and responding to the criticism and the harassment they receive, results in them both reproducing but also counteracting the patriarchy. The type of criticism and harassment that is published is criticism of action and valuation, sexual harassment, judgmental criticism, criticism of profession and harassment against appearance. The discourses that are reflected in the influencers’ respond can be interpreted as both protecting themselves and the sender, embracing a more masculine behaviour and taking advantage of their role as an influencer to highlight an injustice to educate their audience.